Objective: This study aims to investigate the epidemiological distribution of HFMD and quantify the association of temperature with the incidence of children’s HFMD in Nanjing, China. Methods: Daily counts of HFMD in children under 5 years and daily meteorological variables during 2011-2016 were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distributed lag non linear model (DLNM) was used to assess the associations of temperature on HFMD cases. Results: A total of 104 977 HFMD cases aged 0-5 years were reported in Nanjing during the study period and the male to female sex ratio was 1.49∶1. The average annual incidence was 213.5 per 100 000. A bimodal seasonal pattern was observed and the south and west were found to be the high incidence areas in the city. Of these laboratory confirmed enteroviruses positive cases, 32.5% cases were positive for EV-A71 infections, 29.1% cases were positive for CV-A16 infections and 38.4% cases were positive of other enteroviruses infections. The temperature HFMD relationships were non linear and showed obvious lag effects. The cumulative relative risk presented as an approximately inverted U shape over 14 days and peaked at 25.7 ℃ with value of 2.71(95%CI=1.93-3.81). Subgroup analyses revealed that males and children aged <1 year were more vulnerable to temperature variations. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of HFMD among children aged 0-5 years old in Nanjing presented temporal and regional distribution. The temperature has significant impact on children’s HFMD occurrence.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children has the characteristics of less stem cell for transplantation and higher acceptability of donors. The article reviews the classification, clinical application, general planning and clinical advantages of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children, to provide a new treatment for children's immune system diseases and genetic and metabolic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of work pressure and psychological capital on job burnout of college teachers. METHODS: A total of 287 teachers from 7 universities in Nanjing City were selected as the research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, Job Stress Scale for University Teachers and Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used to investigate their job burnout, job stress and psychological capital. RESULTS: The total scores of job burnout and job stress were(42.9±12.5) and(48.5±12.4) respectively, and the occurrence of job burnout was 64.1%. The total scores of psychological capital was(106.7±14.7), and the scores of the four dimensions including self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism were(27.6±4.6),(26.7±4.8),(27.0±4.2) and(25.4±3.8) respectively. The total score of job stress was positively correlated with the total score of job burnout [correlation coefficient(r)=0.41, P<0.01]. The total score of psychological capital, self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism were negatively correlated with the total score of job burnout(r values were-0.42,-0.28,-0.36,-0.36 and-0.42, respectively, P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting the influence of confounding factors and excluding other confounding factors, the higher the job stress, the higher the job burnout level(P<0.01), the higher the psychological capital optimism dimension score, the lower the job burnout level(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The job stress and psychological capital of college teachers can independently affect their job burnout level, with a dose-effect relationship.

Objective To analyze the genotypes distribution and clinical significance of human papillomavir-us(HPV) infection in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) ,low squamous intraepi-thelial lesion (LSIL) and high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of uterine cervix ,meanwhile to conduct the cervical histopathological diagnostic analysis in the patients with ASC-US、LSIL and HSIL .Methods The gene amplification technique (PCR) combined with gene-chips technology were adopted to conduct the 23 kinds of HPV genotype detection on 236 cases of cervical ASC-US ,36 cases of cervical LSIL and 61 cases of cervical HSIL specimens .All cases of ASC-US ,LSIL and HSIL were performed the cervical biopsy his-topathological diagnosis .And then the subjects related data were analyzed .Results Among 236 cases of cervi-cal ASC-US specimens ,139 cases of HPV infection were detected with the total HPV infection rate 58 .90％(139/236) ,in which the single genotypes infection rate was 38 .14％ (90/236)and the multiple genotypes infec-tion rate was 20 .76％ (49/236);26 cases of HPV infection were detected from 36 cases of cervical LSIL speci-mens with the total HPV infection rate of 72 .22％ (26/36) ,in which the single genotypes infection rate was 52 .78％ (19/36) and the multiple genotypes infection rate was 19 .44％ (7/36);61 cases of HPV infection were detected from 58 cases of cervical HSIL specimens with the total HPV infection rate of 95 .08％ (58/61) , in which the single genotypes infection rate was 68 .85％ (42/61)and the multiple genotypes infection rate was 26 .23％ (16/61) .The total infection rates had statistically significantly differences among the cervical ASC-US group ,LSIL group and HSIL group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion HPV16 ,52 ,58 are the main types in the patients with cervical ASC-US ,LSIL and HSIL .The gene-chip technology can be used in the HPV genotypes detection of cervical cells ,which has an important clinical significance for further distribution management on ASC-US patients and should draw great attention of gynecologist .

Systemic inflammatory response has a major role in the development and progression of cancer,and increased systemic inflammatory response usually correlates with poorer survival.Recently the evaluation index of systemic inflammatory response including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,C-reactive protein,glasgow prognostic score,platelet-lymphocyte ratio.Several previous studies show that these indexes are the independent prognostic factors for esophageal cancer.Research on the systemic inflammatory markers may also be valuable for the clinical treatment and prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of temozolomide combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Methods A total of 64 patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2008 to January 2014, radiotherapy synchronized with TMZ chemotherapy were used in 39 patients (synchronized group) and radiotherapy sequential with TMZ chemotherapy in 25 patients (sequential group).1 year and 3 year survival rates, response rate and drug safety were compared between the two groups. Results The patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years, the synchronous group of patients 1 years and 3 years survival rates (74.4%, 38.5%) were higher than the sequential group(64.0%, 28.0%) (P<0.05), objective re-sponse rate of two groups were 64.1%and 44.0%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), gastrointestinal re-action rates of two groups were 23.1% and 20.0%, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Adverse re-actions were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of radiotherapy synchronized combined with TMZ chemotherapy is better than radiotherapy sequential with TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma, it is still the first choice for the treatment of glioblastoma although the clinical manifestations of toxicity increased than the sequential group.

Objective To investigate the effect of neuronavigation assisted microscopic transsphenoidal resection of non-invasived pituitary tumor. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 72 cases of transsphenoidal operation for non-invasived pituitary tumor from January 2012 to January 2014. Results All patients were successfully completed the surgery, total resection in 65 cases, subtotal resection in 4 cases, partial resection in 3 cases, 7 cases in subtotal resection were treated with gamma knife radiotherapy after operation, hyperprolactin were given bromocriptine treatment after surgery. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years, the remission rate was 89.2% in the postoperative headache, visual disorder remission rate 68.6%, endocrine disorders and the remission rate was 57.6%. 5 cases of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea underwent repair, 8 cases had diabetes insipidus, 1 case of partial resection progressed to suprasellar and parasellar after 1.5 years, underwent craniotomy operation again. Conclusion For non-in-vasived pituitary tumor, microscopic transsphenoidal sugery is safe, convenient, and has no significant difference com-pared with the effect of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach.

Gui-Ling-Ji (GLJ), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the only existing compound of refining agent after 400-year testing. It is also one of 4 kinds of TCM secret varieties of the first batch after liberation. However, due to the lack of in-depth modern research, the magical effect of GLJ has not been fully understood and the clinical application has also been influenced. This article analyzed the situation and problems of secret varieties and GLJ. Experiences and strategies of the successful redevelopment of secret varieties were re-ferred to. Then, this paper proposed modern research thoughts of GLJ in order to realize the actively protection and the second development of the prescription.

ABSTRACT:To understand the status of contamination and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S .aureus) isolated from raw cow milk ,600 samples were collected from five different provinces in China .After isolation and identification of S .aureus from these samples ,157 S .aureus isolates were obtained .Furthermore ,their resistant phenotype and resistant gene were analyzed by MIC detection ,as well as nine drug‐resistance genes determination and analysis .The result revealed that most of the S .aureus isolates contained multiple antibiotic resistant genes ,and all of the isolates were resistant to penicillin . Of 98 .73% isolates were resistant to amoxicillin .Conversely ,all of the isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin and vancomycin . Moreover ,there were 29 MRSA positive strains among which 22 strains carrying femA gene .In conclusion ,much more atten‐tion should be paid to the drug‐resistance capabilities of field S .aureus isolates in raw cow milk ,and further monitoring of drug resistant S .aureus strains in milk should also be strengthened so as to ensure milk safety .

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha so that to provide the scientific basis for the disease control and intervention. METHOD: From June 2011 to April 2012, we randomly chose primary and middle school students aged from 10 to 17 years old in Changsha as our research objects. Through stratified sampling and cluster sampling, we carried out epidemiological investigation using questionnaire investigation, physical examination and skin prick test. After statistical analysis of the data,we explored the related risk factors. RESULT: (1) 7,023 copies of questionnaire were sent out and 6,407 copies of valid questionnaire were received in the stratified sampling survey. The prevalence of complaining about having got allergic rhinitis is 44.6% while the real rates is 20.5%; (2) 814 research objects were investigated in cluster sampling survey. The result of the incidence of allergic rhinitis is 26.3%, and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is 17.2%. Analysis of Visual Analog Scale Questionnaire showed significant influence of allergic rhinitis on students character, memory, sleep quality, etc. CONCLUSION The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students aged at 10-17 years old in Changsha is 17%-20%. The occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis is related to environment, genetic background and living habits. Allergic rhinitis influenced the students' character, memory and sleep quality significantly.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires