The AP2/ERF transcription factor family is a class of transcription factors widely present in plants, playing a crucial role in regulating flowering, flower development, flower opening, and flower senescence. Based on transcriptome data from flower, leaf, and stem samples of two Lonicera macranthoides varieties, 117 L. macranthoides AP2/ERF family members were identified, including 14 AP2 subfamily members, 61 ERF subfamily members, 40 DREB subfamily members, and 2 RAV subfamily members. Bioinformatics and differential gene expression analyses were performed using NCBI, ExPASy, SOMPA, and other platforms, and the expression patterns of L. macranthoides AP2/ERF transcription factors were validated via qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the 117 LmAP2/ERF members exhibited both similarities and variations in protein physicochemical properties, AP2 domains, family evolution, and protein functions. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that AP2/ERF transcription factors were primarily differentially expressed in the flowers of the two L. macranthoides varieties, with the differentially expressed genes mainly belonging to the ERF and DREB subfamilies. Further analysis identified three AP2 subfamily genes and two ERF subfamily genes as potential regulators of flower development, two ERF subfamily genes involved in flower opening, and two ERF subfamily genes along with one DREB subfamily gene involved in flower senescence. Based on family evolution and expression analyses, it is speculated that AP2/ERF transcription factors can regulate flower development, opening, and senescence in L. macranthoides, with ERF subfamily genes potentially serving as key regulators of flowering duration. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further research into the specific functions of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family in L. macranthoides and offer important theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying floral phenotypic differences among its varieties.
Plant Proteins/chemistry* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcription Factors/chemistry* ; Lonicera/classification* ; Flowers/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Multigene Family

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of acupuncture therapy on dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: This randomized controlled study lasted 42 days and included 112 patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (56 cases each group) using the completely randomized design, all under routine treatment. The experimental group was given acupuncture therapy. The primary outcome was Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). The secondary outcomes were (1) Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and (2) nutritional status including body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin. Adverse events were recorded as safety indicators. RESULTS: One participant quitted the study midway. There were no significant differences in baseline assessment (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in PAS, SSA and nutritional status except for BMI of the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups in the PAS for both paste and liquid, SSA (25.18±8.25 vs. 20.84±6.92), BMI (19.97±3.34 kg/m²vs. 21.26 ±2.38 kg/m²), serum albumin (35.16 ±5.29 g/L vs. 37.24 ±3.98 g/L), prealbumin (248.33 ±27.72 mg/L vs. 261.39 ±22.10 mg/L), hemoglobin (119.09±12.53 g/L vs. 126.67±13.97 g/L) (P<0.05). There were no severe adverse events during the study. CONCLUSION: The combination of routine treatment and acupuncture therapy can better improve dysphagia and nutritional status in patients with Parkinson's disease, than routine treatment solely. (registration No. CLINICALTRIAL gov NCT06199323).
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/therapy* ; Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Nutritional Status ; Body Mass Index

The MADS-box gene family is a very important transcriptional regulator gene, which plays a role in the whole growth and development process of plants. The APETALA1 (AP1) gene is considered to play an important regulatory role in the transformation of plant flowering, but also to control the characteristic development of floral organs. Lonicera macranthoides is used as medicine with dry buds and early flowers. Therefore, studying the potential mechanism of AP1 gene in regulating flower organ development can provide a basis for improving its medicinal value by molecular means. To explore the potential mechanism of the AP1 gene in the regulation of floral organ development in L. macranthoides, the full-length cDNA of the AP1 was cloned by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and named LmMADS4. The results show that the CDS of the LmMADS4 gene is 729 bp and encodes 242 amino acids, and the LmMADS4 protein contains no signal peptide and no transmembrane structure, which is an unstable hydrophilic protein. Through homologous sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, LmMADS4 and L. japonica MADS27 protein cluster into one class and are closely related. Finally, the expression pattern and protein interaction pattern of LmMADS4 were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and yeast two-hybrid technology. The qRT-PCR showed that LmMADS4 gene was differentially expressed in the stems, leaves and flower bud at different developmental stages, including bud type variety Longhua and common variety Baiyun; and LmMADS4 gene was highly expressed in the flower buds, and with the development of flower buds, LmMADS4 gene was continuously up-regulated in the flower bud variety Longhua, however, the expression level of LmMADS4 in the Baiyun terminal flower bud was lower than that in the late flower bud, but the difference was not significant. The yeast two-hybrid results showed that the bait vector pGBKT7-LmMADS4 was not toxic to yeast strains and had no self-activating activity. LmMADS4 protein interacted with LmSVP1, LmSVP3 and LmSOC1s proteins. This study can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of long flower bud stage and corolla non-unfolding at the molecular level and variety improvement of L. macranthoides.

Background::Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China.Methods::Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and others. CVD risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores (FRS). Patients were accordingly divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results::A total of 4253 patients were enrolled in the present study. A total of 27.0% (1147/4253) of patients had comorbid PCa and CVD, and 7.2% (307/4253) had two or more CVDs. The enrolled population was distributed in six regions of China, and approximately 71.0% (3019/4253) of patients lived in urban areas. With imaging and pathological evaluation, most PCa patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 20.5% (871/4253) locally progressing and 20.5% (871/4253) showing metastasis. Most of them initiated prostatectomy (46.6%, 1983/4253) or regimens involving ADT therapy (45.7%, 1944/4253) for prostate cancer. In the present PCa cohort, 43.1% (1832/4253) of patients had hypertension, and half of them had poorly controlled blood pressure. With FRS stratification, as expected, a higher risk of CVD was related to aging and metabolic disturbance. However, we also found that patients with treatment involving ADT presented an originally higher risk of CVD than those without ADT. This was in accordance with clinical practice, i.e., aged patients or patients at advanced oncological stages were inclined to accept systematic integrative therapy instead of surgery. Among patients who underwent medical castration, only 4.0% (45/1118) received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, in stark contrast to the grim situation of CVD prevalence and risk.Conclusions::PCa patients in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A heavy CVD burden was present at the initiation of treatment. Patients who accepted ADT-related therapy showed an original higher risk of CVD, but the awareness of cardiovascular protection was far from sufficient.

Clostridium perfringens is an important foodborne pathogen that causes intestinal infections and tissue necrosis in both human and animals.A variety of exotoxins it produces are lethal.The increasing demand for ratio-nal use of antimicrobial agents and healthy farming make the implementation of vaccination critically important.H owever,traditional Clostridium perfringens exotoxin vaccines may have problems such as inconsistent efficacy,residual toxins and formaldehyde,raising concerns about the safety of these vaccines.This article systematically in-troduces the latest research progress in traditional toxoid vaccine,genetically engineered recombinant vaccines,and epitope peptide vaccines designed based on reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics for Clostridium perfringens,providing new ideas for the development and preparation of effective and safe novel Clostridium perfringens toxin vaccines.

Aim To study the effect of emetine on in-sulin secretion through glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1R).Methods Isolating rat islets were used to carry out insulin secretion experiment.Islets were incubated with different concentrations of emetine(2,10,50 μmol·L-1),different concentrations of glu-cose solution(2.8,11.1,16.7 mmol·L-1)or spe-cific GLP-1R antagonist Exendin(9-39).The amount of insulin secretion in the supernatant of each group was determined by an enzyme-linked radioimmunoas-say.Small molecule compounds were docked to GLP-1R(PDB code:5NX2)using SYBYL-X2.0 software.Results Emetine could promote insulin secretion in high glucose(11.1 mmol·L-1)in a dose-dependent manner.In low glucose(2.8 mmol·L-1),insulin secretion did not change after intervention of emetine.But in high glucose(11.1,16.7 mmol·L-1),insu-lin secretion significantly increased under the treatment of emetine in a glucose-dependent manner.The doc-king score of emetine and GLP-1R was Total Score=6.82,C Score=5,indicating that emetine had a good binding affinity with GLP-1R.Using Exendin(9-39)to block GLP-1R,the insulinotropic effect of emetine was reduced.Conclusion Emetine could promote in-sulin secretion,which is related to the activation of GLP-1R.

To investigate the therapeutic effect of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) on supination external rotation (SER) ankle fractures (AF) and its impact on ankle joint function and range of motion in patients.Methods:The observation group patients were treated with ORIF, while the control group patients were treated with manual reduction combined with plaster external fixation. Both groups of patients were followed up after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Compare the ankle joint function levels of two groups of patients before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment (Kofood score, AOFAS score, Olerud Molander subjective ankle score (OMAS)). Compare the joint range of motion (relative peak force, torque acceleration energy, endurance) between two groups of patients after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Compare the clinical indicators and incidence of adverse events between two groups of patients after 6 months of treatment. T-test was used for comparison between two groups. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance, while pairwise comparisons were conducted using Dunnett-t test. Comparison of count data between groups using χ2 inspections or Fisher exact test. Results:Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the Kofoed score, AOFAS score, and OMAS score between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The Kofoed scores of patients in the observation group before treatment and at 3 and 6 months of treatment were (53.78±6.40), (76.73±4.12), and (89.07±5.78) points, respectively. The control group was (52.22±7.08), (71.68±4.82), and (84.05±5.45) points, respectively. The Kofoed scores of patients in both groups were higher than before treatment at 3 and 6 months of treatment (all P<0.05), and the observation group was higher than the control group (all P<0.01).The AOFAS scores of patients in the observation group before treatment and at 3 and 6 months of treatment were (70.13±5.39), (81.62±4.25), and (92.05±4.15) points, respectively. The control group was (69.85±5.41), (79.08±4.60), and (88.92±4.43) points, respectively. The AOFAS scores of patients in both groups were higher than before treatment at 3 and 6 months of treatment (all P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (all P<0.01).The OMAS scores of the observation group patients before treatment and at 3 and 6 months of treatment were (53.43±5.07), (76.14±4.52), and (85.68±4.14) points, respectively. The control group was (54.42±4.86), (71.39±3.94), and (81.78±4.15) points, respectively. The OMAS scores of the two groups of patients at 3 and 6 months of treatment were higher than before treatment (all P<0.05), and the observation group was higher than the control group (all P<0.01). The fracture healing time (38.85±4.50) days and complete weight-bearing time (66.62±7.14) days of the observation group patients were shorter than those of the control group patients (49.42±5.43) days and (74.39±6.75) days, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t-values were 12.89 and 6.80, respectively, all P<0.01); There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups of patients (5.41% (4/74) and 9.46% (7/74)), χ2=0.88, P=0.347). Conclusion:ORIF has a good therapeutic effect on SER-AF patients, promotes ankle joint function recovery, and has a low incidence of adverse events, indicating good safety.

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.
Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Biological Availability ; Cytokines

Aim: To investigate the alleviating effect of NMDA receptor blocking on learning and memory impairment induced by gp120 in rats and its mechanism. Methods: (1 ) Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control group, sham operation group, gpl20 group, and gp120 + Memantine group. Except for the control group, the other groups underwent a bilateral hippocampal injection to establish the model of learning and memory impairment in rats. Memantine (10 mg • kg