AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Cyanocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinskaja and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.METHODS The 95%ethanol extract from the leaves of C.paliurus was isolated and purified by macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,polyamide,C18 reversed-phase silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by PNPG.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as cyclopaloside C(1),cyclopaloside A(2),juglanosides E(3),vaccinin A(4),ent-murin A(5),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(6),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester(8),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide ethyl ester(9),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide butyl ester(10),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(11)quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(13),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide butyl ester(14),dihydrokaempferol(15).The IC50 value of total extracts ihibited α-glucosidase was(1.83±0.04)μg/mL,and the IC50 values of compounds 1,4-5 were(29.48±1.86),(0.50±0.07),(0.71±0.07)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new tetrahydronaphthalene glycoside.Compounds 4-5,8-10 and 14 are isolated from the leaves of C.paliurus for the first time.Compounds 4-5 are relatively rare flavonoid lignans with potential inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.

Objective To develop a biological safety protection third-level(BSL-3)laboratory based on folding-modular shelters to solve the problems of the existing laboratories in space and function expansion,large-scale deployment and low-cost transportation.Methods The BSL-3 laboratory was composed of a folding combined shelter module,a ventilation and purification module,a power supply and distribution module,a monitoring and communication module,a control system module and an equipment module.The folding combined shelter module used a leveling base frame as the foundation and a lightweight panel as the enclosure mechanism,and was divided into an auxiliary area and a protection protected area;the ventilation and purification module was made up of an air supply unit and an air exhaust unit,the air supply unit was integrated with a fresh-air air conditioner and the exhaust unit was equipped with a main fan,a standby fan and a bag in/bag out filter;the control system module adopted a supervision mode of decentralized control and centralized management,which executed communication with the data server as the center and Profinet protocol and MODBUS-TCP.Results The BSL-3 laboratory proved to meet the requirements of relevant standards in internal microenvironment,airflow direction,airtightness,working condition and disinfection effect.Conclusion The BSL-3 laboratory is compatible with large-scale transport and deployment and facilitates reliable and safe experiments for epidemic prevention and control and cross-regional support.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):41-46]

Objective To construct the demand model of four types of medical resources including beds in hospi-tal,beds in intensive care unit(ICU),ventilators and medical human resources during the major infectious disease epidemic events,simulate and analyze the treatment of infectious diseases when different medical resources are in short supply.Methods Based on the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered(SEIR)model,considering the infec-tivity of infected persons,the susceptibility of the population and the immunity of convalescents,the characteristics of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and different clinical types,the"COVID-19 infection-hospitalization model"was constructed.By collecting and setting the parameters of disease transmission,clinical course and medical re-source shortage scenarios,an analysis model of allocation and supply of urban medical resources during infectious di-sease epidemic events was initially formed based on Anylogic platform,the supply and demand of medical resources during infectious disease events in different scenarios were analyzed.Results In the non-intervention scenario,the peak time of bed demand was on the 107th day,and the peak value was 160.92 beds per thousand people;the peak time of ventilator demand was on the 122nd day,and the peak value was 5.61 units per thousand people;the peak time of ICU bed demand was on the 117th day,and the peak value was 12.78 beds per thousand people;the peak time of the demand for medical human resources was on the 109th day,and the peak value was 151.12 persons per thousand persons.The simulation results suggested that there were some differences in the impact of different medi-cal resources on the outcome of medical treatment.Conclusion This study constructs an analytical tool for the allo-cation and supply of urban medical resources under the epidemic events of infectious diseases,and the results of mul-tiple simulation experiments suggest that bed resources and medical human resources play more important roles in the outcome of medical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and influence of co-mutated gene on acute myeloid leukemia patients(AML)with FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3(FLT3)mutations.Methods:A total of 273 FLT3+AML patients were enrolled,and the co-mutation gene data of the patients were collected to further analyze the prognosis of the patients.FLT3 and other common mutations were quantified by PCR amplification products direct sequencing and second-generation sequencing(NGS).Results:When patients were divided into FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 TKD+,FLT3 ITD++TKD+and FLT3 ITD-+TKD-group according to the type of FLT3 mutations,it was found that the frequencies of TET2,GATA2,NRAS and ASXL1 mutation were significantly different among the 4 groups(all P＜0.05).When patients were divided into allelic ratio(AR)≥0.5 and＜0.5 group,it was found that the frequencies of FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 ITD-+TKD-,NPM1,NRAS and C-kit were significantly different between the two groups(all P＜0.05).When patients were divided into normal and abnormal karyotype group,it was found that the frequencies of FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 TKD+,NPM1,GATA2 and C-kit were significantly different between the two groups(all P＜0.05).The median overall survival(OS)of AML patients with FLT3 TKD+(including FLT3 ITD++TKD+)was longer than that of patients with FLT3 ITD+alone(P＜0.05).The OS and relapse-free survival(RFS)of AML patients with FLT3++TET2+were both shorter than those of patients with FLT3++TET2-(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The mutation frequencies of co-mutated genes are correlated with subtypes of FLT3,karyotype and AR.AML patients with FLT3 TKD+have longer OS than patients with FLT3 ITD+alone,and patients with co-mutation of TET2 have shorter median OS and RFS.

Fear memory contextualization is critical for selecting adaptive behavior to survive. Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is a classical model for elucidating related underlying neuronal circuits. The primary visual cortex (V1) is the primary cortical region for contextual visual inputs, but its role in CFC is poorly understood. Here, our experiments demonstrated that bilateral inactivation of V1 in mice impaired CFC retrieval, and both CFC learning and extinction increased the turnover rate of axonal boutons in V1. The frequency of neuronal Ca²⁺ activity decreased after CFC learning, while CFC extinction reversed the decrease and raised it to the naïve level. Contrary to control mice, the frequency of neuronal Ca²⁺ activity increased after CFC learning in microglia-depleted mice and was maintained after CFC extinction, indicating that microglial depletion alters CFC learning and the frequency response pattern of extinction-induced Ca²⁺ activity. These findings reveal a critical role of microglia in neocortical information processing in V1, and suggest potential approaches for cellular-based manipulation of acquired fear memory.
Mice ; Animals ; Primary Visual Cortex ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology* ; Learning/physiology* ; Fear/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology*

Fourteen flavonoids were isolated and purified from Epimedium sagittatum by various chromatography techniques such as macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HW-40C and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as 3′-hydroxy-baohuoside-Ⅱ (1), huazhongilexone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), baohuoside-Ⅱ (4), icariside-Ⅱ (5), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), (+)-aromadendrin (7), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), sagittatoside A (9), 2″-O-rhamnosyl icariside-II (10), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11), quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranoyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), kaempferol (13), icariin (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, while compounds 2, 6-8, 11, and 12 were isolated from E.sagittatum for the first time.

Objective: To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019, provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace. Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63 563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions. Results: The training rate of managers was 76.17% and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%. The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%, the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%, and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%. Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask, the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%. The differences in all the indicators among different areas, enterprise scales, economic types were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China. Measures such as special support, guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.
Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control* ; Manufacturing Industry ; Workplace ; China/epidemiology* ; Occupational Health

Objective:To explore the feasibility of a stable pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) model and provide a favorable experimental tool for preclinical studies of xenotransplantation.Methods:In this retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed the perioperative conditions and outcomes of 7 pig-to-monkey orthotopic liver transplants performed by a xenotransplantation research team of Second Xiangya Hospital.Gene-edited Banna miniature pigs were selected as donors and rhesus monkeys with similar anatomical characteristics, physiology, biochemistry and immune mechanism to humans were selected as recipients for pig-monkey xenogeneic orthotopic LT.Based upon classic transplantation procedures, whole liver xenogeneic orthotopic transplantation was performed.Surgical processes were modified for minimizing intraoperative hemorrhage and shortening anhepatic period.A bile duct drainage tube was implanted for observing bile secretion.ATG + anti-CD20 + snake venom factor and FK-506 were utilized for immunoinduction pre-operation while tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and methyl prednisolone for postoperative immunomaintenance therapy.Antibiotics and antiviral agents were also applied and thrombin complex for improving coagulation functions.Results:All procedures were successfully completed.After the stability and maturity of our model, in case No.7, donor's acquisition operative duration was 42 min without heat ischemic time, donor's trimming time 87 min, donor cold retention time 128 min, recipient's operative duration 123 min and anhepatic phase 27 min.Subhepatic inferior vena cava was occluded for 38 min.Blood loss was around 10 ml.And 4/7 models survived post-operation and the longest survival time was 27 h. Among 3 non-survival cases, the causes were anesthesia accident (n=1) and immaturity of early operation (n=2). Model No.7 had a biliary secretion volume of 86 ml post-operation.Conclusions:Qualified donor acquisition, high-quality vascular anastomosis, intraoperative reduction of blood loss, shortening of anhepatic period, strict fluid replenishing and careful monitoring are essential for boosting the success rate of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.Optimization of donor gene combination and advanced immunosuppression protocol help to further achieve the long-term survival of pig-monkey liver xenotransplantation model.

Femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly patients is currently a major health challenge worldwide, with excessive consumption of medical resources, high incidence of complications as well as suboptimal outcome and prognosis. Hip joint arthroplasty (HJA) has been the mainstream treatment for FNF in the elderly, but the conventional surgical approaches and techniques are still confronted with a series of bottlenecks such as dislocation, limp and limb length discrepancy. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) for HJA (DAA-HJA) has been a major new choice in the field of joint replacement, which achieves improved clinical effectiveness of HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF, due to the fact that DAA approach involves the neuromuscular interface and accords with the idea of soft tissue retention and enhanced recovery after surgery. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of standard technique and procedure of DAA-HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF. Therefore, relevant experts from the Hip Joint Group of Chinese Orthopedics Association of Chinese Medical Association, Youth Arthrology Group of Orthopedic Committee of PLA, Orthopedic Committee of Chongqing Medical Association, Branch of Orthopedic Surgeons of Chongqing Medical Doctor Association and Sport Medicine Committee of Chongqing Medical Association were organized to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the technical standard of direct anterior hip arthroplasty for elderly femoral neck fracture ( version 2023)" based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus mainly proposed 13 recommendations covering indications, surgical plans, prosthesis selections, surgical techniques and processes, and postoperative management of DAA-HJA in elderly patients with FNF, aiming to promote standardized, systematic and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment to improve the functional prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in corneal epithelial cells and the effects of fungus on AMPK phosphorylation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in corneal epithelial cells.Methods:The human immortalized corneal epithelial cell line was selected.The safe concentration range of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) (100, 300, 500, 1 000 μmol/L) and inhibitor Compound C (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 μmol/L) on corneal epithelial cells was screened by multi-function real-time unlabeled cell analyzer.Corneal epithelial cells without any treatment were used as the normal control group, and those co-cultured with spores were used as the spore control group.Corneal epithelial cells co-cultured with spores were treated with AICAR and Compound C for 4 hours in the AICAR group and Compound C group, respectively.The expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and AMPK in corneal epithelial cells was detected by Western blot, and the concentration of IL-6 in the culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:After treatment with different concentrations of AICAR for different periods, there was no statistical significance in the cell index of corneal epithelial cells (all at P>0.05). The cell index of corneal epithelial cells was increased with 10.0 μmol/L and 12.5 μmol/L Compound C treatment compared with that of the normal control group.The expression levels of p-AMPK were 0.67±0.15, 2.57±0.12, 3.67±0.58 and 1.50±0.50, respectively, in the normal control group, spore control group, AICAR group and Compound C group, showing a statistically significant difference among them ( F=32.820, P<0.001). The expression level of p-AMPK was significantly higher in the spore control group compared with the normal control group ( P<0.001). The expression level of p-AMPK in the AICAR group was higher than that in the spore control group, and the expression level of p-AMPK in the Compound C group was lower than that in the spore control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P=0.010). There was no significant difference in the relative expression level of AMPK among the four groups ( F=0.120, P=0.950). The expression levels of IL-6 concentration in the normal control group, spore control group, AICAR group and Compound C group were (107.81±17.15), (156.32±9.94), (167.96±14.16) and (127.42±19.75)pg/ml, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference among them ( F=15.210, P<0.001). The IL-6 concentration of the spore control group was higher than that of the normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The IL-6 concentration of the AICAR group was higher than that of the spore control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.260). The IL-6 concentration of the Compound C group was lower than that of the spore control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.010). Conclusions:In corneal epithelial cells, AMPK phosphorylation is found, which is enhanced after fungal spores stimulation, and the secretion of IL-6 increases.