Lung volume reduction loop uses bronchoscopic lung volume reduction(BLVR) technology to compress and collapse the necrotic emphysema tissue and exhaust the internal gas to achieve the purpose of lung volume reduction to treat emphysema. After the lung volume reduction loop is implanted into the human body, the compressed part of the lung tissue tends to expand with breathing, which makes the lung volume reduction loop expand into a linear trend periodically. Fatigue resistance is one of the most important performance indexes of the lung volume reduction loop. In the paper, Z-direction vibration fatigue machine was used to simulate the changes of human respiratory cycle movement to test the fatigue performance of lung volume reduction loop, which can provide some reference for the test method of in vitro fatigue performance of lung volume reduction related products in the future.
Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Emphysema/surgery* ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumonectomy/methods* ; Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients with critical burns. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. From January 2017 to December 2021, two hundred and twenty-seven critically burned aldult patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, including 173 males and 54 females, aged 19-83 (43±14) years. The admission years of patients were collected, and the percentage of patients complicated with POAF in each year was calculated. According to whether the patients were complicated with POAF or not, they were divided into POAF group (n=17) and non-POAF group (n=210). Following data were collected in patients in POAF group, including operation methods, duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss before occurrence of POAF each time, occurrence time and times of POAF, postoperative body temperature, blood pressure, hemoglobin, blood glucose, blood lactate, sepsis, and electrolyte, and type, duration, and treatment of POAF. General data of patients in the two groups including age, gender, burn reason, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) and sepsis-related organ failure evaluation (SOFA) scores on admission, combined with underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and other types of arrhythmias), and sepsis were collected and analyzed. The mortality and factors influencing the prognosis of patients in the two groups such as mechanical ventilation time, operations times, and burn intensive care unit (BICU) length of stay were also collected and analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the general data with statistically significant differences between the two groups, and the independent risk factors influencing the onset of POAF in 227 patients with critical burns were screened. Results: From 2017 to 2021, the percentage of critically burned patients complicated with POAF increased year by year. In POAF group, eschar debridement in limbs was the main surgical procedure prior to POAF complication, with the operation time of (3.5±1.2) h and the intraoperative blood loss volume of (365±148) mL.The POAF occurred 25 times in total in patients of POAF group, mostly within one week after the injury and within 6 hours after the operation with most of these patients having POAF only once. When POAF happened, the patients were often complicated with hypothermia, anemia, hyperglycemia, high blood lactate, sepsis, and electrolyte disturbance, and few patients had complications of hypotension. The POAF lasted (5±3) h, with all being paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and most of POAF patients were reverted to sinus rhythm after amiodarone intervention. Most patients in the two groups suffered from flame burn, and the gender, age, and SOFA score on admission of patients in the two groups were similar (P>0.05); the APACHEⅡ score on admission, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, incidence proportion of sepsis, combined with diabetes and hypertension and other types of arrhythmias of patients in POAF group were significantly higher or larger than those in non-POAF group (t=3.47, with χ² values of 7.44, 10.86, 12.63, 14.65, 6.49, and 7.52, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The full-thickness burn area, combined with other types of arrhythmias, and sepsis were the independent risk factors for POAF in 227 critically burned patients (with odds ratios of 4.45, 0.04, and 3.06, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 2.23-8.87, 0.01-0.22, and 1.77-5.30, respectively, P<0.01). Compared with those in non-POAF group, the mechanical ventilation time, BICU length of stay, number of operations, and mortality rate of patients in POAF group were significantly increased (Z=3.89, Z=2.57, t=3.41, χ²=3.72, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: POAF is a common postoperative complication in critically burned patients, and the incidence is increasing year by year, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. The full-thickness burn area together with other types of arrhythmias and sepsis are the high-risk factors for POAF complication in patients with critical burns.
Atrial Fibrillation/etiology* ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lactates ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors affecting prognosis of children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). METHODS: The clinical manifestations and laboratory data of 143 HLH children who met the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2009 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the independent factors affecting prognosis were also analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of 143 HLH children was 1.9 (0.1-14.3) years old, and the median follow-up time was 6.7 years (1 day - 11.9 years). The overall survival rate of 1 month, 1 year, and 10 years was (87.4±5.5)%, (81.1±6.5)%, and (81.1±6.5)%, respectively. The deaths occurred within 1 year after onset. Multivariate analysis showed that central nervous system (CNS) involvement (P=0.047), low hemoglobin (P=0.002), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P<0.001), high triglyceride (P=0.005) were all the independent risk factors affecting survival of the children. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that APTT (AUC=0.753, P<0.001) was more valuable than other risk factors in predicting death of the children. The cut-off value of APTT was 56.6 s, and the sensitivity and specificity of which was 55.6% and 89.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypohemoglobinemia, prolonged APTT, hypertriglyceridemia, and CNS involvement the risk factors affecting prognosis of HLH, and prolonged APTT shows a strong predictive value for death.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

Objective: To establish a better near infrared quantitative model for quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma of components (moisture,total ash,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid) in liquorice,in order to realize rapid detection.Method: The contents of moisture,total ash,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined in 97 samples based on the methods set forth in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Meanwhile,the near infrared spectrum was scanned using near infrared spectroscope.R software was used to screen out the spectral pretreatment and build the quantitative models.Result: The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of moisture and liquiritin was the first order derivative.For moisture,the correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.930 0 and 0.929 9,and the root mean square errors were 0.243 2 and 0.203 8,respectively.For liquiritin,the correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.930 3 and 0.907 6,and the root mean square errors were 0.093 9 and 0.128 9,respectively.The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of total ash was MSC.The correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.926 5 and 0.917 7,and the root mean square errors were 0.109 6 and 0.103 7,respectively.The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of glycyrrhizic acid was SNV.The correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.918 1 and 0.915 7,and the root mean square errors were 0.274 8 and 0.236 0,respectively.Conclusion: In this study,a better near infrared quantitative models for quality control of components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were established,with a high accuracy,which laid a foundation for rapid detection of the components in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

Objective:To study changes and clinical significance of serum interleukin-33(IL-33) of patients with adult measles complicated acute liver damage. Methods: Totally,88 adult measles patients were selected and divided into acute liver damage group (n=60) and no liver damage group(n=28). At the same time,20 healthy adults were selected as healthy controls. Serum IL-33 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Venous blood samples of IL-33 were drawn on the day of admission and were repeated at 7 and 14 days later. The correlation of IL-33 and biochemical indicators were analyzed. 60 patients with liver damage were divided into protecting liver and without protecting liver group in accordance with the method of random numbers. The level of serum IL-33 was compared at 7 and 14 days between the two groups of patients. Results: Patients with adult measles complicated acute liver damage and no liver damage had elevated serum IL-33 levels than that in the controls [( 205. 20 ± 25. 74 ) pg/ml, ( 168. 70 ± 18. 14)pg/ml,vs(132. 17±12. 41)pg/ml,P＜0. 05 for all],especially in acute liver damage group. The expression of serum IL-33 in no protecting liver group was significantly higher than protecting liver group at 7th day. IL-33 was no significant difference in patients between protecting liver and without protecting liver groups at 14th day(P＞0. 05). The level of IL-33 was a significant decrease in the treatment and there was no significant difference between healthy controls at 14th day(P＞0. 05). The level of IL-33 and liver damage were consistent. Serum IL-33 levels in patients with liver damage showed positive correlation with levels of ALT,GGT and IL-6 ( r=0. 392 1,0. 503 9,0. 724 9,P＜0. 001). Conclusion: IL-33 may have proinflammatory effects in the phase of adult measles complicated acute liver damage and its serum level reflects the severity of liver inflammation.

AIM To investigate the dose-proportion relation of Tibetan medicine Siwei Jianghuang Prescription (SJP) for protective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN),and the underlying mechanism.METHODS Diabetes mellitus rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) were randomly divided into model group,metformin support group,and eight SJP groups with dose-proportion variation (with reference to the uniform design method) for corresponding drug administration once a day,for four weeks.Measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG) by a blood glucose meter,the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid (UA),serum creatinine (SCr) and total protein (TP) by chemical methods,serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ELISA kits were conducted,the pathological morphology observation and glomerular basement membrane thickness detection by electron microscope were accomplished as well.Principal components analysis (PCA) and multivariate progressive regression analysis (MSRA) were employed to analyze the relationship between the dose-proportion to pharmacodynamics.RESULTS The resultant indexes revealed variant pharmacological improvement in each treatment group.MSRA results showed that the levels of BUN,renal index,FBG,glomerular basement membrane thickness,VEGF,Scr,and UA had correlative relations with a multiple linear or a multiple non-linear in all groups,which regression equation had a statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05);TGF-β1 level and total protein index with the dose-proportion had no linear or non-linear relation,which the regression equation statistical showed non-significance (P ＞ 0.05).In the global optimization comparison around the range of uniform design,the optimal dosage of the rats model was Curcumae Longae Rhizoma ∶ Berberidis dictyophyllae Cortex ∶ Phyllanthi Fructus ∶ Tribuli Fructus =1 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 2.CONCLUSION Siwei Jianghuang Prescription shows better therapeutic effects on DN,which may be related to reducing the levels of BUN,renal index,FBG,glomerular basement membrane thickness,VEGF,Scr and UA.

Objective To investigate the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles of different sizes on the number and constructions of immune cells in peripheral blood of mice after X-ray irradiation. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight layer and the weight of each mouse was weighed. All mice were divided into 6 groups according to weight from high to low, and there were 4 mice in each group. Then 1 mouse was randomly taken from each group to form the control group. Model group, 5 nm and 25 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles groups were formed in turn. There were 6 mice in each group. The mice in model group and cerium oxide nanoparticles administration groups were irradiated once with 3 Gy of X-rays. The mice in cerium oxide nanoparticles groups began to be intraperitoneally administrated once a day with 10 μg 5 nm or 25 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles per kilogram body weight on the 4th day before irradiation and once every other 2 days after irradiation. The mice in the control group and model group were intraperitoneally administrated with 0.9 % saline. The mice were killed on the 10th days after irradiation. White cells count (WBC) and classification in peripheral blood were detected by using automatic globulimeter, and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by using flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control group, the number of WBC, neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, total T lymphocytes, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes and the percentages in the model group were decreased (all P＜0.05), and percentages of the lymphocytes, B cells and NK cells and ratio of CD4 to CD8 were increased in model group (all P＜ 0.05). Compared with the model group, the above parameters except percentages of T lymphocytes, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes were improved in mice of 5 nm cerium oxide nanoparticle group (all P ＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of WBC and lymphocytes were decreased in the 5 nm cerium oxide nanoparticle group (P＜0.05), and there were no significances in other parameters compared with the control group (all P ＞0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of WBC and lymphocytes, the number and percentages of T lymphocytes, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes and the percentages were decreased (all P＜ 0.05), and percentage of NK cells and ratio of CD4 to CD8 were significantly increased in 25 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles group (all P＜ 0.05). The number of lymphocytes and CD8+T lymphocytes in 25 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles group was lower than that in 5 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles group (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles of different sizes on the immune cells of mice after X-ray irradiation are different, and 5 nm cerium oxide nanoparticle is superior to 25 nm cerium oxide nanoparticle.

OBJECTIVETo compare the functional parameters of the small airways and clinical characteristics between patients with typical asthma (TA) and cough-variant asthma (CVA).

METHODSForty-three newly diagnosed asthmatic patients were enrolled, including 15 with TA and positive bronchial provocation test [TA BPT(+)], 12 with TA and positive bronchial dilation test [TA BDT(+)] and 16 with CVA, and 27 healthy subjects served as the control group. All the subjects were required to complete data acquisition, asthma control test, asthma control test scale, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, airway resistance and pulmonary function tests, BPT or BDT.

RESULTSThe interval from onset to a definite diagnosis of TA BDT(+) was longer than that of TA BPT(+), while that of CVA was the shortest (P=0.022). The pulmonary functional parameters of TA BDT (+) was significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups (P<0.05). MMEF, MEF, MEF, and MEFin patients with TA BDT(+), TA BPT(+) and CVA were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The resonant frequency, respiratory impedance, resistance at 5 Hz, resistance at 20 Hz, and reactance at 5 Hz were significant higher in patients with TA BDT (+) than in the control subjects, while these parameters showed no significant differences among TA BPT (+), CVA and control groups. The airway resistance in TA BPT(+), CVA, and control groups increased after BPT, and the patients with TA BPT(+) showed greater changes in airway resistance than those in CVA and control groups. In CVA patients, FeNO showed a strong positive correlation with respiratory impedance (r=0.523, P=0.038), resistance at 5 Hz (r=0.542, P=0.030), and resistance at 20 Hz (r=0.524, P=0.037), and the airway responsiveness showed a strong positive correlation with resistance at 20 Hz (Rho=-0.512, P=0.043).

CONCLUSIONCVA is the early stage of TA, and CVA, TA BPT(+), and TA BDT(+) may represent different stages of asthma. Uncontrolled, prolonged CVA may evolve into TA BPT (+), whose further progression can cause damages of the pulmonary function and small airway function and leads eventually to TA BDT (+).

AIM:To investigate whether rebamipide repairs the small intestinal epithelial barrier in aspirin-induced small intestinal injury (SII) in mice and its mechanism.METHODS:Small intestinal injury was induced by aspirin (200 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 5 d) in BALB/c mice.Based on the treatment with aspirin and/or rebamipide (320 mg ·kg-1 · d-1),the mice were divided into 4 groups (n =18 in each group).The living mice in each group (n =6) were sacrificed via cervical dislocation method at day 0,day 5,and day 10.The structure and function of intestinal barrier and the levels of the signaling pathway factors were measured by transmission electron microscopy,immunohistochemistry,qPCR,and Western blot.RESULTS:Tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells improved significantly after rebamipide treatment.The expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the injured small intestine showed a gradually increasing trend after rebamipide administration (P ＜ 0.05).There was a decreased trend of D-lactate level in rebamipide-treated SII mice (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of cyolooxygenase-2 (COX-2),β-catenin,and c-Myc,and prostaglandin E2 concentration in small intestinal tissues were significantly increased in rebamipide treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).However,down-regulated COX-1 expression in the SII mice was sustained at a low level after rebamipide administration.CONCLUSION:Rebamipide repairs the injury of small intestinal mucosa and improves the structure and function of small intestinal barrier in aspirininduced SII mice by up-regulating the expression of COX-2.