Objective:To investigate whether long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) AW112010 can improve insulin resistance in aging adipocytes through the miR-204/POU2F2 signaling pathway.Methods:In vivo experiment: C57BL/6 mice were divided into young control group(4 months old) and aging model group(18 months old) based on body weight. The expression levels of AW112010, miR-204-5p, POU2F2, aging related indicators(p16, p21), and insulin signaling pathway genes [insulin receptor(INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1), phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(AKT)] in epididymal adipose tissue were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. In vitro experiment: Using adriamycin(ADR) to induce 3T3-L1 aging adipocyte model, β-gal staining was used to observe cellular senescence, and miR-204 inhibitor and miR-204 mimic small interfering RNA were successfully constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results:RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that compared with the young group, the expression of AW112010 in the adipose tissue of aging mice was increased, while the expression of miR-204-5p was decreased. The expressions of POU2F2, p16, and p21 in the adipose tissue of aging mice were increased, while the expressions of INSR, IRS1, PI3K, GLUT4 mRNA and protein were decreased. The β-gal stainging results showed that the number of 3T3-L1 senescent adipocytes induced by ADR was significantly increased, and the expression levels of AW112010, POU2F2, p16, and p21 in ADR-induced senescent adipocytes were increased compared with the control group, while the expression levels of miR-204-5p, INSR, IRS1, PI3K, GLUT4 were decreased, and remaining glucose in the culture medium was increased. Compared with control, overexpression of miR-204 resulted in decreased expressions of aging indicators p16, p21, and target gene POU2F2 while the expressions of INSR and GLUT4 were increased.Conclusion:Upregulation of lncRNA AW112010 in adipocytes of aging mice may induce insulin resistance by targeting miR-204-5p/POU2F2/IRS1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of total saponins from Panax japonicus （TSPJ） on white adipose tissue （WAT） browning/brown adipose tissue （BAT） activation in C57BL6/J male mice fed on a high-fat diet （HFD）. MethodThirty-two C57BL6/J male mice （8-week-old） were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a low-dose TSPJ group， and a high-dose TSPJ group. The mice in the low-dose and high-dose TSPJ groups were given TSPJ for four months by gavage at 25， 75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively， and those in the other groups were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC-Na） accordingly. After four months of feeding， all mice were placed at 4 ℃ for acute cold exposure， and the core body temperature was monitored. Subsequently， all mice were sacrificed， and BAT and inguinal WAT （iWAT） were separated rapidly to detect the corresponding indexes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes in each group. The effect of TSPJ on the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， fatty acid-binding protein 4 （FABP4）， cytochrome C （CytC）， PR domain-containing protein 16 （PRDM16）， elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 （ELOVL3）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in iWAT and BAT was detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Western blot was also used to detect the protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in BAT and iWAT of each group. The effect of TSPJ on UCP1 expression in BAT and iWAT was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result① Compared with the model group， TSPJ could decrease the body weight and proportions of iWAT and BAT in the HFD-induced mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② The body temperature of mice in the model group decreased compared with that in the normal group in the acute cold exposure tolerance test （P<0.05）. The body temperature in the high-dose TSPJ group increased compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. ③ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased adipocyte diameter in iWAT and BAT and decreased number of adipocytes per unit area. Compared with the model group， the TSPJ groups showed significantly reduced cell diameter and increased number of cells per unit area， especially in the high-dose TSPJ group. ④ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased mRNA expression of FABP4， UCP1， CytC， PRDM16， ELOVL3， PGC-1α， and PPARγ in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ⑤ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the protein expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPJ could induce the browning of iWAT/BAT activation and enhance adaptive thermogenesis in obese mice induced by HFD. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to the activation of the PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous syestem (CNS) triggered by an autoimmune mechanism, which is the main cause of neurological disability in young people. In MS, a variety of glial cells participate in the pathogenesis and development of the disease, and oligodendrocytes (OL) and myelin cytes are destroyed by autoimmune mediated inflammation. Impaired OL production of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) leads to persistent demyelination, myelin fragment accumulation and axonal injury, with clinical manifestation of CNS disability. Microglia (MG), which is involved in the inflammatory response and removal of myelin debris, plays a pivotal role in OPC differentiation and OL maturation, thereby directly or indirectly influencing the process of myelin regeneration. An interactive mechanism exists between these 2 components. The comprehension of the interrelationship between the 2 factors can provide enhanced insights into the pathogenesis of MS and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies, thereby addressing pivotal scientific challenges encountered in clinical management of MS. Therefore, this review summarizes the dynamic changes of microglia in MS and its classic animal models, explores the internal relationship between MG and OL in this process, and focuses on the beneficial effects of targeted regulation of microglia, thereby promoting OPC differentiation and myelin regeneration, in order to provide a new research direction for MS treatment.

Objective:To analyze the application effect of discharge planning based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (OTLF).Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was made on clinical information of 230 OTLF patients treated in Honghui Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January to December 2020, including 44 males and 186 females, aged 53-92 years [(72.0±9.9)years]. A total of 115 patients receiving conventional nursing intervention from January to June 2020 were enrolled in regular nursing group and 115 patients receiving discharge planning intervention based on ERAS from July to December 2020 were enrolled in discharge planning group. The length of hospital stay, readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS) at 4 hours before discharge, caregiver preparedness scale (CPS) on admission and at 4 hours before discharge, discharge rate before 12∶00, Chinese osteoporosis quality of life short questionnaire (COQOL) on admission and at 6 months after surgery, and re-fracture rate were compared in the two groups.Results:The patients were followed up for 6 months, except for 3 patients lost to follow up in discharge planning group and 4 patients in regular nursing group. The length of hospital stay was (2.8±0.6)days in discharge planning group and (2.6±0.7)days in regular nursing group ( P>0.05). The RHDS in discharge planning group was significantly greater at 4 hours before discharge when compared with regular nursing group [(103.0±8.3)points vs. (95.3±9.5)points] ( P<0.01). The two groups had no significant difference in CPS at admittance ( P>0.05), but a significantly greater CPS was found in discharge planning group at 4 hours before discharge when compared with regular nursing group [(28.9±3.5)points vs. (24.3±4.8)points] ( P<0.01). The discharge rate before 12∶00 in discharge planning group was significantly higher when compared with regular nursing group [27.7%(31/115) vs. 15.3%(17/115)] ( P<0.05). The COQOL was similar at admittance between the two groups ( P>0.05), but a significantly lower score was found in discharge planning group than that in regular nursing group [(21.6±6.2)points vs. (26.6±6.9)points] ( P<0.01). A significantly lower re-fracture rate was found in discharge planning group at 6 months after surgery when compared with regular nursing group [4.5%(5/112) vs. 12.6%(14/111)] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For OTLF patients, discharge planning based on ERAS is superior to regular nursing in improving the readiness for hospital discharge, caregiver preparedness, quality of life and management of beds, and lowering re-fracture rate.

Objective:To investigate outcomes and safety of doxycycline-moxifloxacin sequential regimen in the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis/cervicitis. Methods:From June 2019 to December 2020, patients with Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis/cervicitis confirmed by nucleic acid amplification testing were successively recruited at Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and received sequential therapy with oral doxycycline for 7 days followed by oral moxifloxacin for 7 days. Clinical and/or etiological assessment was conducted 2 to 3 weeks after the end of treatment. Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze factors influencing the treatment outcome. Results:Totally, 36 eligible subjects were enrolled, including 30 males and 6 females. Among them, 18 (50%) patients completed post-treatment etiological assessment, which showed that 12 achieved microbiological cure, and treatment failures occurred in 6; another 18 patients achieved clinical cure. The overall response rate to doxycycline-moxifloacin sequential therapy was 83.3% (30/36, 95% confidence interval[ CI]: 70.5%, 96.1%) . The treatment outcome showed no significant association with the patients′ age, gender, marital status, number of sexual partners in the past 1 month, history of sexually transmitted diseases, history of antibiotic use in the past 1 month, or co-infections (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:The efficacy of doxycycline-moxifloacin sequential regimen is limited in the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infections in Nanjing area, and clinicians should be alerted to the possibility of treatment failure in clinical practice.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most common complications of liver cirrhosis. Due to coagulation disorder and the risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis, there are many controversies over the treatment of liver cirrhosis with PVT in clinical practice. Common therapies for PVT include anticoagulant therapy, intervention, and thrombolysis. This article elaborates on the current status of the treatment of liver cirrhosis with PVT, in order to provide help for the development of standard and reasonable clinical treatment strategies.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of economic income and quality of life of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) , and to analyze the impact of different economic levels on quality of life of patients with KBD, and to provide evidence for selection of target and key populations setting of poverty alleviation in KBD area.Methods:The anrual family income and quality of life of adults with KBD in Yongshou County and Linyou County, Shaanxi Province were investigated from May 2017 to May 2019. Patient's quality of life were evaluated using Chinese version of European five-dimensional five-level health scale (EQ-5D-5L) and its utility value conversion system was used to calculate the EQ-index. The ratio of income difference to quality of life difference in different income KBD patients was calculated.Results:A total of 290 patients with KBD participated in the survey. The average annual income of families with KBD was 11 462.41 Yuan of which the average annual income of low (< 5 000 Yuan), medium (5 000 ~ 10 000 Yuan) and high-income (> 10 000 Yuan) groups was 2 663.48, 9 262.75 and 28 397.26 Yuan, respectively. The ratios of income difference to quality of life difference between low-income and medium-income groups (109.99 × 10 4, 94.28 × 10 4, 94.28 × 10 4) were bigger than the ratios of income difference to quality of life difference (55.94 × 10 4, 91.91 × 10 4,-3.20 × 10 3) between low-income and high-income groups in terms of mobility, usual activity, and EQ-index. The ratios of income difference to quality of life difference were negative in terms of self care, anxiety/depression and VAS score (- 131.99 × 10 4,-65.99 × 10 4,-65.99 × 10 3). Conclusions:Patients with KBD have low income level and large income gap. The KBD patients whose annual income less than 10 000 Yuan could be the key population of poverty alleviation, and family income level of more than 10 000 Yuan could be the target of poverty alleviation.

Objective:To evaluate the life quality of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From September 2017 to May 2019, adult KBD patients aged 18 years old and over were selected as the study subjects in the historical serious disease areas (Yongshou County and Linyou County) of KBD in Shaanxi Province. KBD patients were investigated by using the basic information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the European Five-dimensional Five-level Health Scale (EQ-5D-5L), the distribution of health status in the five dimensions of mobility, self-care ability, daily activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression were described, and each dimension included five levels of no problem, mild problem, moderate problem, severe problem, and extreme problem. EQ index (- 0.391 - 1.000) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients based on group perspective, the higher EQ index was, the better life quality of the group would be; visual analogue system (VAS) score (0 - 100 points) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients based on individual perspective, the higher VAS score was, the better life quality of the individual would be. At the same time, multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the life quality of KBD patients.Results:A total of 245 KBD patients were included, aged (60.37 ± 7.10) years old. The mild problems of self-care ability and anxiety/depression of KBD patients, accounted for the largest proportion, which were 31.8% (78/245) and 27.3% (67/245), respectively; in terms of daily activity, the moderate problem accounted for the largest proportion, which was 32.7% (80/245); in terms of mobility and pain/discomfort, the severe problem accounted for the largest proportion, which were 46.9% (115/245) and 45.7% (112/245), respectively. EQ index [median (quartile range)] was 0.311 (0.059, 0.563), and VAS score was 42.5 (30.0, 60.0) points. After multiple linear regression analysis, the effects of education level, pain level, body deformity inferiority complex, and social participation barrier on EQ index were statistically significant ( P < 0.01); the effects of economic level, pain level, body deformity inferiority complex, and social participation barrier on VAS score were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The life quality of KBD patients is poor, it is affected by physical, psychological and social aspects, so relevant medical workers should pay attention to the overall health of KBD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and characteristics of chromosomal abnormalities in abortuses during early pregnancy with single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array). METHODS: For 520 abortuses, copy number variations (CNVs) in chorionic villi were analyzed with SNP-array. RESULTS: In 510 (98.1%) of the samples, the analysis was successful. Among these, 57.6% (294/510) of the samples were found to harbor clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities. 38.8% of the samples (198/510) had a normal result. 2.4% (12/510) of the samples harbored benign CNVs, and 1.2% (6/510) harbored variants of uncertain significance (VOUS). Aneuploidies, polyploidies, pathogenic CNVs and uniparental disomies (UPD) had accounted for 75.2% (221/294), 13.9% (41/294), 8.2% (24/294), and 2.7% (8/294) of the samples, respectively. 45,XO was the most common finding, which was followed by trisomy 16 and trisomy 22. 69,XXY was the most common polyploidy. CONCLUSION Chromosomal abnormalities are the main cause for early miscarriage, among which aneuploidies are most common. The prevalence of aneuploidies is significantly increased among women over 35. SNP-array analysis has the advantage of high success rate, high resolution and great accuracy, but the clinical significance of microdeletions/microduplications found by SNP-array can be difficult for interpretation.
Chorionic Villi ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the value of single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) for fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings. Method: A total of 904 fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings were enrolled in this study from May 2015 to November 2017, and 434 (48.0%) cases received conventional karyotyping analysis at the same time. According to different abnormal ultrasound category, 904 cases were divided into 5 groups: 280 cases (31.0%) in single system structural anomalies, 31 cases (3.4%) in multiple system structural anomalies, 331 cases (36.6%) in single ultrasound soft marker abnormalities without structural anomalies, 107 cases (11.8%) in multiple soft marker abnormalities and 155 cases (17.2%) in structural abnormalities combined with soft markers abnormalities. Abnormal detection rates by SNP-array among 5 groups of abnormal ultrasound category were calculated. Result: (1) Total SNP-array results: 171 (19.0%) cases out of 904 cases analyzed by SNP-array, presented chromosomal abnormalities. Pathogenic copy number variants were detected in 27 cases (3.0%) and variants of unknown significance were detected in 81 cases (7.8%) . In addition, 7 cases (26.0%) were found with new mutation by parental validation. (2) SNP-array of 5 groups: among the 5 groups of abnormal ultrasound category, chromosomal abnormalities were identified by SNP-array in 19.3% (54/280) with single system structural abnormalities, 25.8% (8/31) with multiple system structural abnormalities, 13.9% (46/331) with single nonstructural anomalies, 19.6% (21/107) with multiple nonstructural anomalies and 27.1% (42/155) with structural abnormalities combined with nonstructural anomalies. The differences were significant (P=0.010) . No chromosome abnormalities was identified in single soft marker abnormalities, such as choroid plexus cysts, echogenic foci in the heart, single umbilical artery and pyelectasis. (3) Chromosomal abnormalities: the abnormal detection rate of aneuploidy chromosomal abnormalities by SNP-array increased with the maternal age, decreased with the gestational weeks (all P<0.05) . However, the pathogenic copy number variants and variants of unknown significance rates did not change with maternal age and gestational weeks (all P>0.05) . (4) SNP-array and karyotyping: 434 cases were analyzed by conventional karyotyping and SNP-array respectively, 10.3% (43/419) of which presented chromosomal abnormalities by conventional karyotyping and 18.7% (81/434) of which presented chromosomal abnormalities by SNP-array. Conclusions SNP-array could be a useful genetic analysis method in prenatal diagnosis for fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings. For different abnormal ultrasound category, SNP-array has different detection rate. Compared with conventional karyotyping analysis, SNP-array can improve the detection rates for chromosomal abnormalities and find the chromosome abnormalities which can′t be detected by conventional karyotyping analysis. In clinical prenatal genetic counseling, SNP-array should be selected rationally in combination with the various abnormal ultrasound category.