Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence from meta-analyses on the association between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD risk remains relatively insufficient. Objective To explore the epidemiological association between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD, providing scientific evidence for ASCVD prevention and control from the perspective of environmental risk factor management. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, CBM, and VIP for published epidemiological studies on the relationship between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD from January 2007 to December 2023. We performed quality assessment and data extraction of the included studies, and utilized meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of short-term and long-term ozone exposure on different ASCVD outcomes, including mortality and incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Results A total of 24 studies were included based on a set of predetermined eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis results indicated that short-term ozone exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASCVD mortality and incidence. Specifically, short-term ozone exposure was significantly associated with an elevated risk of IHD mortality (combined RR=1.011, 95%CI: 1.008, 1.015; P < 0.05). Additionally, short-term ozone exposure was significantly linked to increased IS mortality (combined RR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.003, 1.008; P < 0.05) and incidence (combined RR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.003, 1.027; P < 0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient ozone significantly elevates acute cardiovascular disease risk. However, the epidemiological association between long-term ozone exposure and ASCVD remains inconclusive. Future high-quality cohort studies with refined exposure assessment methods are warranted to elucidate the chronic cardiovascular effects of ozone exposure.

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate patients'willingness to pay for pharmacy services and its influencing factors by reviewing and analyzing the literature related to pharmacy services.Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching the CNKI database,Wanfang database,Sinomed,PubMed,and Web of Science from January 2010 to December 2023.Literature in both English and Chinese that elicited patient willingness to pay for pharmacy services was included.An analysis was carried out according to the year of publication,country,methodology,patient willingness to pay,and its influencing factors.Results 24 studies were retrieved,and the average willingness to pay ranged from ＄1 to ＄20.Patient willingness to pay for pharmacy services is influenced by various factors.Higher willingness to pay for pharmacy services is associated with higher income and education levels and lower out-of-pocket spending.Conclusions It is generally found that patients'willingness to pay is generally influenced by their income level,educational background,and medical insurance.We suggest that pharmacy services should be promoted and integrated into medical insurance coverage,and pharmacists'competency should be enhanced to accelerate the high-quality development of pharmacy services.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the feasibility of a new treatment method for atrophic rhinitis (ATR) based on tissue engineering technology (seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors), and provide new ideas for the treatment of ATR. METHODS: The literature related to ATR was extensively reviewed. Focusing on the three aspects of seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors, the recent research progress of ATR treatment was reviewed, and the future directions of tissue engineering technology to treat ATR were proposed. RESULTS: The pathogenesis and etiology of ATR are still unclear, and the effectiveness of the current treatments are still unsatisfactory. The construction of a cell-scaffold complex with sustained and controlled release of exogenous cytokines is expected to reverse the pathological changes of ATR, promoting the regeneration of normal nasal mucosa and reconstructing the atrophic turbinate. In recent years, the research progress of exosomes, three-dimensional printing, and organoids will promote the development of tissue engineering technology for ATR. CONCLUSION Tissue engineering technology can provide a new treatment method for ATR.
Humans ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Cytokines

【Objective】 To analyze the causes and treatments for the incompatible crossmatching between a patient, who underwent the minor ABO mismatches lung transplantation, and the blood donor with ABO-compatible blood. 【Methods】 A patient, who underwent the minor ABO mismatches (donor group O; recipient group A) lung transplantation developed a continuous decrease in Hb for 13 days after surgery, The blood sample of the patient presented major crossmatching incompatibility with the blood donors and the causes of it were analyzed by the recipient′s blood type reviewing, direct antiglobulin test, antibody screening and erythrocyte elution. 【Results】 The patient’s serum reacted with A1 erythrocyte reagent with agglutination strength at ±, and enhanced to 1+ at 4℃ after 10 min incubation.Antibodies were not detected by 10-cell panel and the effects of unexpected antibodies were excluded.The results of direct antiglobulin test and elution test were positive, and eluted anti-A antibody was detected.Combined with the patient′s continuous decline in Hb and elevated total bilirubin, passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) was clinically diagnosed.After the transfusion of 6 U of O-type washed RBCs, the symptoms of anemia were improved and no adverse reactions occurred. 【Conclusion】 PLS may occur after an ABO mismatched solid organ transplantation.Most of the hemolytic symptoms are not obvious and easy to ignore, therefore clinical indicators of direct antiglobulin test results, Hb and total bilirubin should be continuously monitored after transplantation for early detection and timely treatment of PLS to avoid major adverse consequences.

Objective:To explore the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary protein C (PC) deficiency due to a p. Gly86Asp variant of the PROC gene through in vitro expression experiment.Methods:Wild type and Gly86Asp mutant expression plasmids of PC were constructed and respectively transfected into HEK 293FT cells. Total RNA was extracted from the transfected cells, and the expression of PROC gene was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PC antigen (PC: Ag) in the supernatant of cell culture and cell lysate was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the level of PC protein was detected by Western blotting. Results:qRT-PCR has detected no significant difference in the transcription level of wild-type and mutant-type PC. Compared with the wild type, the level of mutant PC: Ag in the supernatant and cell lysate were 81.3%±2.6% and 110.0%±2.8%, respectively. No difference was detected in the molecular weight between the wild-type and mutant-type PC by Western blotting. The PC content of mutant type was higher than wild-type in cell lysate, while the opposite was found with the cell culture supernatant.Conclusion:The impaired secretion by mutant PC may be the molecular mechanism of PC deficiency caused by the p.

Objective:To explore the genetic basis for a patient with factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency.Methods:All exons of the F13A1 and F13B genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. The sequencing was performed with a reverse primer if a variant was found. Conservation of variant site was analyzed by the ClustalX software. Four online bioinformatic software including MutationTaster, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and SIFT were used to predict the function of the mutation site. The Swiss-PdbViewer software was applied to analyze the changes in the protein model and intermolecular force. Results:The proband was found to harbor a novel c. 515G>C (p.Arg171Pro) variant of the F13A1 gene. The corresponding amino acid Arg171 is conserved among homologous species. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that Arg171Pro variant may affect the protein function. Protein model analysis showed that in the wild-type, there is one hydrogen bond between Arg171 and Pro27; one hydrogen bond between Arg171 and Thr28; two hydrogen bonds between Arg171 and Glu102. When Arg171 was mutated to Pro171, the three hydrogen bonds between Arg171 and Pro27, Glu102 are all disappeared and formed a new benzene ring which might affect the stability of the protein structure. No variant was found in the F13B gene. Conclusion:The Arg171Pro variant may account for the decreased FXIII level. Above finding has enriched the spectrum of F13A1 gene variants.

Objective:To explore the family resilience resources in parents of children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) , so as to provide a reference for formulating nursing intervention to improve their family resilience.Methods:From December 2020 to January 2021, purposive sampling was used to select 13 father or mother of children with CPT in the Department of Orthopedics of Hunan Children's Hospital as the research object. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with CPT using the phenomenological method in qualitative research. Colaizzi 7-step method was used to organize, summarize, analyze and refine the data.Results:The family resilience resources of parents of children with CPT were reflected in three aspects, namely, personal resources, family resources and social resources.Conclusions:Family resilience interventions should make full use of their own resources when implemented in parents of children with CPT. Individualized continuous intervention should be provided by taking into account the learning ability and psychological state of the children's parents and in combination with specific needs. The intervention target should include as many family members as possible, and strengthen the establishment of a diversified support system to help parents of children with a large number of social resources.

Objective To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique in laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 189 patients with liver cancer who were admitted to the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected.There were 142 males and 47 females,aged from 27 to 86 years,with an average age of 60 years.According to the difficulty score of surgery,50 of 189 patients underwent laparoscopic complex hepatectomy,including 23 with preoperative 3D reconstruction in the complex reconstruction group and 27 with no preoperative 3D reconstruction in the complex control group;other 139 patients underwent laparoscopic non-complex hepatectomy,including 25 with preoperative 3D reconstruction in the non-complex reconstruction group and 114 with no preoperative 3D reconstruction in the non-complex control group.Observation indicators:(1) vascular assessment of patients who received 3D reconstruction;(2) surgical and postoperative situations;(3) typical case analysis.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was done using the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were presented as M (range),and comparison between groups was done using the Mann-Whitney U test.Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Vascular assessment of patients who received 3D reconstruction:48 of 189 patients were performed preoperative 3D reconstruction.Vascular assessment of 48 patients showed 41 of hepatic arterial Michels Ⅰ type,4 of Michels Ⅱ type,1,1,and 1 of Michels Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅷ type,respectively.There were 35 belonging to hepatic venous Ⅰ type and 12 belonging to hepatic venous Ⅱ type and 1 with unclear distribution of hepatic vein.There were 5 and 3 belonging to portal venous Ⅰ type and Ⅱ type,38 with normal distribution of portal vein,and 2 with unclear distribution of portal vein,respectively.(2) Surgical and postoperative situations:50 of 189 patients underwent laparoscopic complex hepatectomy,and 139 underwent laparoscopic non-complex hepatectomy.The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were (234±64)minutes and 200 mL (range,100-408 mL) in the complex reconstruction group,and (289±80)minutes and 500 mL (range,400-800 mL) in the complex control group,respectively,showing statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=-2.474,Z=-2.981,P＜ 0.05).Cases with postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay of complex reconstruction group were 8 and 6 days (range,4-12 days),respectively,versus 13 and 8 days (range,6-13 days) of complex control group.There was no significant difference (x2=0.911,Z =-1.634,P＞0.05).The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases of postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 160.0 minutes (range,117.5-221.0 minutes),100 mL (range,75-200 mL),8,5 days (range,4-8 days) in the non-complex reconstruction group,157.5 min (range,100.0-222.5 minutes),100 mL (range,50-200 mL),43,6 days (range,4-7 days) in the non-complex control group,showing no significant difference between the two groups (Z=-0.525,-0.797,x2 =0.289,Z=-0.011,P＞0.05).(3) Typical case analysis:one 48-year-old male patient with primary liver cancer developed a personalized hepatectomy plan through simulation function of vascular drainage area in 3D reconstruction.One 49-year-old female patient achieved indirect intraoperative navigation through emulation function of 3D reconstruction.Conclusions The 3D reconstruction of liver in preoperative assessment is beneficial to choice of surgical options and personalized surgical plan in the precise hepatectomy.Especially in the laparoscopic complex hepatectomy,preoperative 3D reconstruction can shorten operation time,and reduce volume of intraoperative blood loss.

Objective To study the optimal timing of preoperative injection of indocyanine green in laparoscopic liver tumor resection under indocyanine green fluorescent navigation to obtain the most satisfactory fluorescence imaging effects.Methods 60 patients with liver tumors who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy from April 2017 to October 2018 were retrospectively studied on the intraoperative fluorescence imaging effects.A simple grading of the fluorescence imaging effects was developed.The ICG R15 and preoperative injection times of ICG were correlated with the intraoperative fluorescence imaging effects.Results Of 60 patients with liver tumors,59 patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection and one patient was converted to open surgery.The overall satisfaction rate of intraoperative fluorescence imaging was 73.4％ (44/60).In the patients with an ICG R15 rate ≤ 7％,it was easier to obtain good fluorescence imagings when the preoperative administration time was longer than 48 hours.Even when the preoperative administration time was longer than 5 days,satisfactory fluorescence imaging effect could still be obtained in these patients.In the patients with an ICG R15 rate ＞ 7％,intraoperative fluorescence imagings were unsatisfactory when the administration time was less than 6 days.Relative better imagings were obtained in these patients when the preoperative administration time was more than 6 days.Conclusions When the pre-operative ICG injection dose was not changed,the preoperative administration time should be adjusted according to the value of the ICG R15 to obtain better intraoperative fluorescence imaging effects of the liver tumors.The optimal timing needs to be further studied by a large case study.

Objective To study the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to determine the risk factors of severe BPD.Method From January 2007 to January 2017,ELBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Hunan Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.They were assigned into severe and mild/moderate groups based on the severity of BPD.The general condition,maternal status,prenatal and delivery room treatment,transportation,clinical courses,therapy and outcome in NICU of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors of severe BPD were analyzed.Result A total of 367 cases were hospitalized during the 10 years.281 ELBW infants with complete medical records survived longer than 28 days were enrolled in this study.Among them,233 had BPD.Among BPD infants,116 cases were in the severe BPD group,47 cases (40.5％) died.117 cases were in the mild/moderate BPD group and 1 case (0.9％) died.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of severe BPD were duration of mechanical ventilation ≥ 7 days (OR =7.518,95 ％ CI 3.197 ～ 17.676),ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR =3.047,95 ％ CI 1.436 ～ 6.464),1 min Apgar score ≤7 (OR =2.341,95 ％ CI 1.142 ～ 4.796) and patent ductus arteriosus (OR =2.223,95 ％ CI 1.079 ～4.582).Conclusion The incidence and mortality of BPD,especially severe BPD,are high in ELBW infants.Avoiding asphyxia,shortening the time of mechanical ventilation,preventing infection and closing ductus arteriosus are important measures to reduce the severity of BPD.