Objective To investigate the nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis(CF)and understand the correlation between malnutrition and clinical characteristics as well as lung function.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of CF children admitted from January 2016 to June 2023.Clinical characteristics of CF children with different nutritional statuses were compared,and the correlation between malnutrition and lung function was analyzed.Results A total of 52 CF children were included,comprising 25 boys(48％)and 27 girls(52％),aged between 7 months and 17 years.Respiratory symptoms were the predominant clinical manifestations(96％,50/52).The prevalence of malnutrition was 65％(34/52),with moderate/severe malnutrition being the most common(65％,22/34).The malnutrition group had a longer duration of illness,higher proportion of digestive system symptoms,and lower levels of serum albumin(P＜0.05).Pulmonary function parameters,including forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value,ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity,forced expiratory flow at 25％of forced vital capacity exhaled,forced expiratory flow at 50％of forced vital capacity exhaled,forced expiratory flow at 75％of forced vital capacity exhaled,and maximum mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of the predicted value,were lower in the malnutrition group compared to the normal nutrition group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed body mass index Z-score was positively correlated with the above six pulmonary function parameters(P＜0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of malnutrition is high in CF children and is associated with decreased lung function.CF children with higher body mass index have better lung function.Therefore,screening and evaluation of nutritional status as well as appropriate nutritional intervention should be emphasized in CF children.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(3):275-281]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Objective The rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model was established by simple anterior cruciate ligament disruption.Methods The selected 40 adult white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,blank group with 6 rabbits and model group with 34 rabbits.The rabbits in model group were given the disruption of anterior cruciate ligament of right knee joint.In the fourth,eighth and the twelfth weeks of modeling,different degrees of degenerative changes have been ob-served on the rabbits articular cartilages from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects.Results At 4,8 and 12 weeks after modeling,the articular cartilage of the rabbits in the model group showed degenerative changes in different degrees.At 8 and 12 weeks,the typical pathological manifestations of KOA in the middle and late stages were found in the infrapatellar fat pad and synovium,respectively.There were no changes in articular cartilage,infrapatellar fat pad and synovial membrane in the blank group at the same time.There were significant differences in the gross score between the model group and the blank group at 4 weeks[(1.300±0.674)vs 0.000],8 weeks[(2.400±0.516)vs 0.000]and 12 weeks[(3.583±0.668)vs 0.000](P＜0.05),the histopathological scores were significantly different,at 4 weeks[(2.900±0.567)vs 0.000],8 weeks[(7.500±1.178)vs(0.500±0.707)],12 weeks[(11.833±1.337)vs(1.500±0.707)],(P＜0.05).Conclusion The establishment of rabbit knee arthritis model by simply cutting the anterior cruciate ligament is simple and feasible,with good stability,high success rate,small trauma,short modeling cycle and less changes in animal physiological structure.The rabbit knee arthritis model es-tablished by simply cutting the anterior cruciate ligament has good modeling effect on different stages and grades of knee os-teoarthritis,and the postoperative infection and trauma can be controlled,which can meet the test requirements.

Objective:To explore the practical application and clinical significance of modified grading system for Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores in evaluating long-term postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGID) in patients after colon cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of 122 patients who underwent right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2021 to September 2022. Among these patients, 69 were males (56.6%), and 53 were females (43.4%). The median age was 66.5 years, and the body mass index was (24.4±3.3) kg/m 2. The main observe indiator was GSRS scores of patients. The measurement data of normal distribution were represented as mean±standard deviation( ± s), and intergroup comparisons were conducted using ANOVA. The measurement data of non-normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile distance) [ M( Q1, Q3)], the Kruskal-Wallis H test was employed. Unordered count data comparisons were performed using the χ2 test, while comparisons for ordered count data between groups were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. GSRS scores were represented using density plots, and the scores were categorized into five symptom groups, presented using radar charts to illustrate the distribution of each symptom group. Results:Among the 122 patients, the most common long-term PGID syndromes was dyspepsia, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. GSRS score data in the study population exhibited a nearly trimodal trend. Based on the overall data trend, the GSRS scale was refined, with cut-off values of 20 and 30, categorizing patients with right-sided colon cancer into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups for quantifying the severity of long-term PGID. In terms of gender distribution, the differences among the three groups was statistically significant ( P=0.031), suggesting that males may be more susceptible to long-term PGID. However, there were no significant differences among the three groups concerning age, tumor location, surgical approach, anastomotic technique, lymph node dissection, pathological staging, adjuvant chemotherapy, and other factors. Conclusions:The modified grading system for GSRS scores aligns with the distribution characteristics of postoperative gastrointestinal function in colorectal cancer patients. It can quantify the risk of long-term PGID, allowing for a graded management approach to improve the postoperative quality of life for patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of invasive fungal infection (IFI) occurenced in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during treatment in tropical regions. METHODS: The clinical data of 68 AL patients admitted to the Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital from April 2012 to April 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of IFI in AL patients. RESULTS: Among the 68 patients, 44 were acute myeloid leukemia, 24 were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 39 were male, 29 were female and the median age was 41(13-75) years old. The 68 patients received 242 times of chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), including 73 times of initial chemotherapy or inducting chemotherapy after recurrence, 14 times of HSCT, 155 times of consolidating chemotherapy. Patients received 152 times of anti-fungal prophylaxis, including 77 times of primary anti-fungal prophylaxis and 75 times of secondary anti-fungal prophylaxis. Finally, the incidence of IFI was 31 times, including 24 times of probable diagnosis, 7 times of proven diagnosis, and the total incidence of IFI was 12.8%(31/242), the incidence of IFI in inducting chemotherapy was 24.66%(18/73), the incidence of IFI in HSCT patients was 28.57% (4/14), the incidence of IFI in consolidating chemotherapy was 5.80% (9/155). Multivariate analysis showed that inducting chemotherapy or HSCT, the time of agranulocytosis ≥7 days, risk stratification of high risk were the independent risk factors for IFI in AL patients during treatment in tropical regions. CONCLUSION The incidence of IFI in patients with AL in the tropics regions is significantly higher than that in other regions at homeland and abroad. Anti-fungal prophylaxis should be given to the patients with AL who have the high risk factors of inducting chemotherapy or HSCT, time of agranulocytosis ≥7 days and risk stratification of high risk.
Adult ; Aged ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Invasive Fungal Infections/epidemiology* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical and imaging characteristics of post-primary tuberculosis in children, so as to improve the early identification and diagnosis of post-primary tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study which enrolled children who were admitted to the Department No.2 of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2015 to December 2020 and with a diagnosis of post-primary tuberculosis. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 10 males and 20 females. The age on admission were 13.0 (12.0, 13.3) years. Their common symptoms were cough and fever, there were 26 cases (87%) with cough and 23 cases (77%) with fever, but only 4 cases (13%) had other toxic symptoms (night sweat, weakness or weight loss) of tuberculosis other than fever. Blood examination showed that the white blood cell count was (10±3)×10⁹/L, accompanied by elevated proportion of neutrophils (0.69±0.11) and increased level of C-reactive protein (31 (15,81) mg/L). The common radiographic findings of CT were nodular or mass shadow with cavitation (19 cases (63%)), consolidation (13 cases (43%)), bronchogenic spread (12 cases (40%)), hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (5 cases (17%)) in this cohort. The affected locations included the right upper lobe (21 cases (70%)), the left lower lobe (17 cases (57%)) and the right lower lobe (15 cases (50%)). Acid-fast bacillus smears and mycobacterial cultures were attempted for all cases, resulting in 33% (10/30) with smear positivity and 50% (15/30) with culture positivity. Conclusions: Post-primary tuberculosis in children has no specific clinical manifestations. Imaging of chest CT is mainly manifested as nodular shadow with cavitation, consolidation or bronchogenic spread. Accurate identification of post-primary tuberculosis is crucial for preventing the spread and early treatment of tuberculosis.
Child ; Cough/etiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis*

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Gouqi chewable tablets on innate and adaptive immunity in normal mice and its antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe effects of low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （0.25， 0.5， 1.5 g·kg^-1） on the immune function of normal mice were observed by carbon clearance test， immune organ index test， serum hemolysin test， ConA-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation test， and natural killer cell （NK cell） activity test. The effects of Gouqi chewable tablets on the antioxidant capacity in vivo were determined by detecting the content of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in mice serum. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Gouqi chewable tablets was detected by 2，2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS）， 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）， and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests. ResultCompared with the blank control group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of Gouqi chewable tablets improved the viability of NK cells， the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes， and the level of serum hemolysin antibody in mice （P<0.05）. The high-dose group increased the thymus index， spleen index， and phagocytic function of macrophages （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the blank control group， the activity of GSH-Px in mice serum in the medium-dose group was increased （P<0.05）， and the content of MDA in mice serum in the high-dose group was decreased （P<0.05）. In in vitro antioxidant tests， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） values of Gouqi chewable tablets were 1.64±0.20， 2.04±0.03， and 10.27±0.03 g·L^-1 by the DPPH， ABTS， and OH^- free radical method， respectively. Those results indicated that Gouqi chewable tablets have good antioxidant effects in vitro. ConclusionGouqi chewable tablets can enhance the immune function of mice with good antioxidant effects.

Objective:To assess the value of 4-dimensional CT angiography (4D CTA) to predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) with a new nomogram model in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular treatment (EVT).Methods:Imaging and clinical data of 101 AIS patients with internal carotid artery and/or middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent "one-stop" CTA-CT perfusion and EVT in green channel of Beijing Hospital from March 2016 to November 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into HT group (45 patients) and non-HT group (56 patients). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select relevant clinical and imaging variables, such as age, initial National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, 4D CTA collateral circulation score, Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS), clot burden score, and a predictive nomogram model were developed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the efficacy of predictive nomogram model for diagnosing HT.Results:Univariate analysis showed that there were significant difference of age[79.00(68.00, 85.00) years, 73.00(62.75, 80.00) years, Z=-2.20, P=0.028], NIHSS score [16.00(12.00, 21.00), 9.50(6.00, 14.00), Z=-4.44, P<0.001], ASPECTS score [5.00(3.00, 8.00), 8.00(7.00, 9.00), Z=-4.23, P<0.001], 4D CTA collateral circulation score [2.00(0, 3.00), 3.00(3.00, 4.00), Z=-5.39, P<0.001], clot burden score [4.00(1.00, 7.00), 7.50(6.00, 9.00), Z=-3.42, P=0.001], location of the occlusion(internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion was 23/22, 11/45 cases, χ2=9.70, P=0.002), and atrial fibrillation (27 and 19 cases respectively, χ2=5.83, P=0.016) between HT group and non-HT group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ASPECTS score (OR=0.64, 95%CI 0.47-0.87), NIHSS score (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.01-1.26), 4D CTA collateral circulation score (OR=0.40,95%CI 0.22-0.76) were independent predictors of HT in AIS patients ( P<0.05). The AUC of the nomogram based on the ASPECTS score, NIHSS score and 4D CTA collateral circulation score to predict HT of AIS patients was 0.876 (95%CI 0.807-0.945), with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 87.5%. Conclusions:Patients with low ASPECTS score, high NIHSS score and low 4D CTA collateral circulation score have a higher risk of HT after EVT. The nomogram model may predict the probability of HT of AIS patients and provide effective assistance for clinical decision-making.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between intrahepatic portoportal venous collateral vascular formation and postoperative liver hyperplasia in patients undergoing liver partition and portal vein ligation. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver partition and portal vein ligation at the Center of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2013 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were grouped according to the number of open collateral vessels in the liver after first-stage surgery， including the group with no formation of intrahepatic portoportal venous collateral vessel （IPCs=0）， the group with 1 formation of intrahepatic portoportal venous collateral vessel （IPCs=1）， and the group with more than 2 formations of intrahepatic portoportal venous collateral vessels （IPCs ≥ 2）. The differences in the distribution of the three groups in terms of preoperative， intraoperative and postoperative liver function， formation of intrahepatic portoportal venous collateral vessels on both sides， and second-stage surgery were analyzed firstly， and then multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the number of IPCs. ResultsOf all the 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were finally included in this study， there were no significant differences in preoperative data between the three groups （P>0.05）. The surgical procedure was different between the three groups. The proportion of patients with ≥ 2 open vessels who underwent laparoscopic microwave ablation liver partition was greater than that of patients with split liver （57.14% vs. 42.56%，P=0.031）. There was a statistically significant difference in the daily hypertrophy volume of future liver remnant （FLR） ［IPCs ≥ 2 vs. IPCs=1 vs. IPCs=0，（14.25±8.81 vs. 20.65±9.85 vs. 30.10±19.31） mL，P=0.018］. There was no difference in the proportion of patients between the three groups who underwent second-stage resection （P=0.363）. However， the number of days between surgeries was significantly longer in those with ≥2 open collateral vessels than in those with no opening or only 1 opening （16.31±5.44 vs. 10.30±3.40 vs. 12.78±3.35） days，P=0.023. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the surgical procedure was the only factor affecting the number of intrahepatic collateral vessel openings （P=0.031）. The number of IPCs after laparoscopic microwave ablation liver partition and split liver was ［2.0 （1.5） vs. 1.0 （1.0），P=0.031］. ConclusionsThe number of IPCs after liver partition and portal vein right branch ligation is negatively associated with the hypertrophy rate of FLR and split of liver is recommended to reduce the formation of IPCs.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of resveratrol （RSV） in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma （LUAD） based on bioinformatics and molecular biology. Method:The targets of RSV were retrieved from DrugBank and then imported into STRING for constructing a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network.TCGA database was utilized to analyze the expression of target genes in tumor and normal tissues， followed by the prediction of their impacts on tumor occurrence and development and the screening of target genes using random forest and univariate Cox regression models.With the results of bioinformatics taken into consideration， the mechanism of RSV in inhibiting LUAD was further explored by molecular biology. Result:Ten Hub genes were screened out from the PPI network of RSV targets.Among them， solute carrier family 2 member 1 （SLC2A1）， arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase （ALOX5）， peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma （PPARG）， and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase （ALOX15） differed significantly in their expression in tumor and normal tissues.As revealed by random forest and univariate COX regression analysis， SLC2A1 was of great significance to the survival and prognosis of patients with LUAD.The survival analysis through Kaplan-Meier （KM） plotter indicated that the SLC2A1 expression was closely related to the overall survival （OS）， first progression （FP）， and post-progression survival （PPS） of LUAD patients.The molecular biological experiments further proved that RSV inhibited the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells by reducing the expression of SLC2A1.As verified by immunohistochemical scoring， SLC2A1 protein expression in tumor tissue was significantly different from that in normal tissue. Conclusion:RSV inhibits the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells by reducing the expression of SLC2A1， which has far-reaching significance in the clinical treatment of LUAD.