The S100 protein family is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMP), which play a vital role in regulating inflammation in the body's innate immune response. S100A8/S100A9 proteins play a wide range of antibacterial and anti-infective functions in many diseases, and promote the occurrence and development of the body's immune and inflammatory responses. In various retinal degenerative diseases, S100A8/S100A9 proteins are significantly upregulated at the transcription and translation stages, promoting the activation of inflammatory factors in ocular tissues, the activation and recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and the occurrence and development of ocular inflammation. This review aimsat explaining the biological functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and their roles and possible mechanisms in retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and ischemic retinopathy.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

【Objective】 To explore the reasons for wrong connection between anticoagulant and normal saline solution during apheresis platelet donation, as well as the preventive measures, so as to ensure the safety of apheresis platelet donors. 【Methods】 Manual checking in the first phase (December 2008 to September 2016) was compared with double checking (manual checking plus information system) in the second phase (October 2016 to October 2020) via bilateral testing using Fisher's Exact Test to study pre-post-improvement differences. 【Results】 The incidence of solution connection errors during apheresis platelet donation in the first phase was 1.02/10 000, and the error incidence between Amicus and Trima + Mcs^®+ blood cell separator was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of errors between the first and second phases was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After the performance of double checking in the second phase, no wrong connection of anticoagulant and saline solution occurred. 【Conclusion】 The double checking method assisted by manual and information system can effectively prevent the wrong connection between anticoagulant and normal saline solution.

Objective To analyze the value of serum Treg cell related factors and chemokines in patients with tuberculous pleurisy .Methods From July 2015 to December 2016 ,92 cases of tuberculous pleurisy in our hospital were selected as the observation group ,and 92 healthy persons at the same time were selected as the control group .The levels of Treg cell related factors[monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 ,IP-10 ,CCL-3 and CCL-16] and IL-10 ,TGF-βand IL-35] were detected and compared in the two groups ,and the levels of these indexes were compared in different classifications and stages of tuberculous pleuritis .Results The ser-um Treg cell related factors and chemokine levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05) .The expression level of tuberculous empyema was higher than that of dry pleuritis and exudative pleuritis ,the patients with exudative pleuritis were higher than those of dry pleuritis , and the patients with multiple pleuritis were higher than those with idiopathic and concomitant pleuritis ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The serum Treg cell related factors and chemo-kines in patients with tuberculous pleurisy are highly expressed ,and the classification and staging of the dis-ease have great influence on the expression ,and the above indexes have high detection value in the patients with tuberculous pleurisy .

Objective To compare the clinical effect of application of gene chip microscopy technique for rapid identification of Mycobacterium and classic smear acid-fast staining,and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the wo methods.Methods From 201 1 to 2014,gene chip microarray and smear acid fast staining were used to identify the mycobacterium tuberculosis in speci-mens suspicious of the infection from all the general hospitals of Shenzhen city.Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rates of the two methods.Results A total of 2 481 specimens were collected from clinic.With smear acid-fast staining technique, the positive specimens of 1 93 cases werefound and the positive rate was 7.8%.Meanwhile,31 7 positive samples were detected by the technology of gene chip microarray,and the positive rate was 12.8%.The positive rate of Gene chip microarray technology was higher than that of the smear acid fast staining,and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.05 ).The 31 7 positive samples identified by Gene chip microarray,included 263 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,27 cases of Mycobacterium absces-sus,18 cases of Mycobacterium intracellulare,3 cases of Mycobacterium gastric uLcer,3 cases of Mycobacterium avium,1 case of Mycobacterium Gordonae,1 case of Mycobacterium marinum and 1 case of Mycobacterium Kansas.Conclusion The gene chip mi-croarray technology is fast,accurate,and its positive rate is higher than that of smear acid-fast staining technique.Classification and identification of Mycobacterium is very helpful for clinical individualized treatment of anti mycobacterium infection.

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method for the identification of Mycobacterium species by the gene microarray and to verify its clinical application value .Methods According to the gene sequence of 23 species of Mycobacteria ,the specific probes were designed and the gene chips were prepared .23 Mycobacterial standard strains ,9 non‐mycobacterial strains ,103 clinically isolated mycobacterial strains were detected by PCR‐based reverse blot hybridization assay in the gene chip .Results 23 mycobacterial standard strains ,9 non‐mycobacterial strains were detected by gene chip ,the results showed that the specificity was 100% .Of 103 mycobacterial clinically isolated strains ,87 strains were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis compounds (MTC) and 16 strains as non‐tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM ) including 5 strains of M .abscessus ,3 strains of M .intracellulare ,3 strains of M .avium ,2 strains of M .fortuitum ,1 strain of M .kansas ,1 strain of M .marinum and 1 strain of M .gordonae .The identification results of 103 clinically isolated strains were completely consistent with the sequencing results .The lowest detection limit by this method was 103 copies/mL .Conclusion The gene microarray technique for rapidly identifying Mycobacteria and differentiate MTC and NTM has the advantages of simpleness ,rapidness ,high accuracy ,high specificity and high sensitivity .

Objective To study Aeromonas hydrophila infection and the clinical status of the major causative factor Aerolysin gene.Methods Clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila was collected from 2012 to 2013 year in People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua Branch.Its identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing was analyzed by VITEK 2 compact.Clinical resistance rates and distribution was analyzed by WHONET5.6 software.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was used to de-tect the Aerolysin gene form in chromosomes and plasmids extracted genome.Results The clinical total of 48 isolated Aero-monas hydrophila ,distributed in 16 clinical samples of sputum,blood 11,10 secretions,urine 7 and stool 4.Distribution in ward decentralized,the central tendency was not detected.Drug resistance rates to ampicillin,ampicillin/sulbactam and ce-fazolin reached more than 80%,while amikacin,cefepime,levofloxacin,piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem was low 10%or less.43.7% strains carried the Aerolysin gene.39.5% of Aerolysin gene was found on chromosome genome.Conclusion Aeromonas hydrophila clinical infection existed in dispersed form,most of which carried Aerolysin gene in chromosome ge-nome.Aeromonas hydrophila had serious resistance to penicillins and first generation cephalosporin,but to broad-spectrum drugs maintaining high sensitivity.Precaution of Aeromonas hydrophila ,as an important condition pathogenic bacteria,is some significant for preventing it’s proliferation of drug-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVETo study the association between serum cystatin C level and blood pressure.

METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 912 subjects randomly sampled from a cohort visiting for routine physical examinations. The epidemiological data were obtained using questionnaires and from the database of physical examination results. Pearson analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure and cystatin C.

RESULTSThe levels of serum cystatin C differed significantly among the normotensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive subjects (P<0.05). Pearson analysis revealed that regardless of gender, serum cystatin C was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, MAP, BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA and BUN (P<0.05). With MAP, SBP and DBP as dependent variables, multiple stepwise regression analysis of the factors affecting blood pressure indicated that cystatin C had the strongest effect on SBP and MAP (P<0.05) but did not significantly affect DBP (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum cystatin C level is significantly correlated with SBP and MAP and can be used as a biomarker for alert of hypertension.

Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Pressure ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of topical propranolol gel on the levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in proliferating infantile hemangiomas (IHs) of superficial type.

METHODS33 consecutive children with superficial IHs were observed pre-treatment, 1 and 3 months after application of topical propranolol gel for the levels of plasma VEGF, MMP-9 and bFGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Department of General Surgery of Dongfang Hospital from February 2013 to February 2014. The plasma results of IHs were compared with those of 30 healthy infants. The clinical efficacy in IHs was evaluated by Achauer system. Differences of plasma results between the healthy group and the IHs group pre-treatment were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Paired sample comparisons of any two time points of pre-treatment, 1 month and 3 months after treatment in IHs were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTSThe clinical efficiency of topical propranolol gel at 1, 3 months after application were 45.45%, 81.82% respectively. The levels of plasma VEGF and MMP-9 in patients pre- treatment were higher than those in healthy infants [(362.16 ± 27.29) pg/ml vs (85.63 ± 8.14) pg/ml, (1376.41 ± 42.15) pg/ml vs (687.27 ± 44.1) pg/ml, P < 0.05], but the level of bFGF did not show significant difference [(176.03 ± 13.60 ) pg/ml vs (235.94 ± 35.43 ) pg/ml, P > 0. 05 ]. The concentrations of VEGF and bFGF at 1, 3 months after treatment decreased obviously [(271.51 ± 18.59) pg/ml vs (362.16 ± 27.29 ) pg/ml, (135.85 ± 12.66) pg/ml vs (176.03 ± 13.60) pg/ml], 1 month after treatment vs pre-treatment, P < 0.05; (240.80 ± 19.89) pg/ml vs (362.16 ± 27.29) pg/ml, (107.31 ± 5.82) pg/ml vs (176.03 ± 13.60) pg/ml, 3 month after treatment vs pre-treatment, P < 0.05, whereas the levels of plasma MMP-9 declined slightly [(1321.18 ± 48.74) pg/ml vs (1376.41 ± 42.15 ) pg/ml, (1468.68 ± 32.78) pg/ml vs (1376.41 ± 42 2.15 ) pg/ml, P > 0.05 ].

CONCLUSIONSPropranolol gel may suppress the proliferation of superficial infantile bemangiomas by reducing VEGF and bFGF.

Administration, Topical ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; blood ; Gels ; Hemangioma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Propranolol ; pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

Objective To study the association between serum cystatin C level and blood pressure. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 912 subjects randomly sampled from a cohort visiting for routine physical examinations. The epidemiological data were obtained using questionnaires and from the database of physical examination results. Pearson analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure and cystatin C. Results The levels of serum cystatin C differed significantly among the normotensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive subjects (P<0.05). Pearson analysis revealed that regardless of gender, serum cystatin C was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, MAP, BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA and BUN (P<0.05). With MAP, SBP and DBP as dependent variables, multiple stepwise regression analysis of the factors affecting blood pressure indicated that cystatin C had the strongest effect on SBP and MAP (P<0.05) but did not significantly affect DBP (P>0.05). Conclusion Serum cystatin C level is significantly correlated with SBP and MAP and can be used as a biomarker for alert of hypertension.