ObjectiveTo dynamically observe the clinical symptoms and pathological changes in a rat model of vinorelbine-induced phlebitis via injection into the dorsalis pedis vein. MethodsTwenty-eight 11-week-old male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a model group (n=20) and a control group (n=8). The model group received a single injection of 0.1 mL vinorelbine solution (4 mg/mL) via the right hind limb dorsalis pedis vein, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline via the same method. The occurrence and grading of phlebitis in both groups were observed and recorded daily. The volume of the injured limb was measured by the drainage method to calculate the swelling rate. The weight-bearing ratio of the injured limb was assessed using a bipedal balance pain meter, and the skin temperature of the injured limb was measured by infrared thermal imaging. These measurements were conducted for 9 consecutive days. Starting from day 1, three rats from the model group were euthanized every other day. A 1-cm segment of the vein extending proximally from the injection site was collected. Pathological changes in the vein tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and ultrastructural changes of the vascular endothelium were observed using scanning electron microscopy. ResultsCompared to the control group, the injected hindlimb of model rats showed redness and swelling on day 1, with the swelling rate peaking at (81.89±15.75) % on day 3 (P<0.001), then gradually alleviating and decreasing to (15.41±0.33) % by day 9 (P<0.01). Pain was observed in the affected limbs of model rats on day 1 and worsened markedly on day 3, with the weight-bearing ratio decreasing to (36.35±4.91)% (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the skin temperature of the lesion site increased, reaching (36.36±0.40) ℃ on day 5 (P<0.001). Both pain and fever returned to near normal levels by day 9. Phlebitis grading in the model group showed that 75.0% of rats were grade Ⅱ on day 1; grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ each accounted for 37.5% on day 3; from days 5 to 9, most rats exhibited cord-like veins, predominantly grade III. Venous tissue showed peripheral edema and inflammatory cell infiltration on day 1, which gradually progressed to intimal rupture, vessel wall thickening, and even lumen narrowing from day 3 to 9. The venous intima exhibited destruction of tight junctions between endothelial cells and adhesion of blood cells, progressing to roughened, wrinkled, and protruding intimal surfaces. ConclusionThe vinorelbine-induced phlebitis of dorsal foot vein in rat model is characterized by local redness, swelling, warmth, and pain from days 3 to 5, which largely resolve by day 9, although cord-like veins can still be observed. With disease progression, venous tissue develops edema, vessel wall thickening, and lumen narrowing. The venous intima shows rupture, roughening, and in some cases, complete loss.

ObjectiveTo dynamically observe the clinical symptoms and pathological changes in a rat model of vinorelbine-induced phlebitis via injection into the dorsalis pedis vein. MethodsTwenty-eight 11-week-old male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a model group (n=20) and a control group (n=8). The model group received a single injection of 0.1 mL vinorelbine solution (4 mg/mL) via the right hind limb dorsalis pedis vein, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline via the same method. The occurrence and grading of phlebitis in both groups were observed and recorded daily. The volume of the injured limb was measured by the drainage method to calculate the swelling rate. The weight-bearing ratio of the injured limb was assessed using a bipedal balance pain meter, and the skin temperature of the injured limb was measured by infrared thermal imaging. These measurements were conducted for 9 consecutive days. Starting from day 1, three rats from the model group were euthanized every other day. A 1-cm segment of the vein extending proximally from the injection site was collected. Pathological changes in the vein tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and ultrastructural changes of the vascular endothelium were observed using scanning electron microscopy. ResultsCompared to the control group, the injected hindlimb of model rats showed redness and swelling on day 1, with the swelling rate peaking at (81.89±15.75) % on day 3 (P<0.001), then gradually alleviating and decreasing to (15.41±0.33) % by day 9 (P<0.01). Pain was observed in the affected limbs of model rats on day 1 and worsened markedly on day 3, with the weight-bearing ratio decreasing to (36.35±4.91)% (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the skin temperature of the lesion site increased, reaching (36.36±0.40) ℃ on day 5 (P<0.001). Both pain and fever returned to near normal levels by day 9. Phlebitis grading in the model group showed that 75.0% of rats were grade Ⅱ on day 1; grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ each accounted for 37.5% on day 3; from days 5 to 9, most rats exhibited cord-like veins, predominantly grade III. Venous tissue showed peripheral edema and inflammatory cell infiltration on day 1, which gradually progressed to intimal rupture, vessel wall thickening, and even lumen narrowing from day 3 to 9. The venous intima exhibited destruction of tight junctions between endothelial cells and adhesion of blood cells, progressing to roughened, wrinkled, and protruding intimal surfaces. ConclusionThe vinorelbine-induced phlebitis of dorsal foot vein in rat model is characterized by local redness, swelling, warmth, and pain from days 3 to 5, which largely resolve by day 9, although cord-like veins can still be observed. With disease progression, venous tissue develops edema, vessel wall thickening, and lumen narrowing. The venous intima shows rupture, roughening, and in some cases, complete loss.

Objective To establish and evaluate chemotherapeutic phlebitis model rats induced by vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein.Methods Rats were divided randomly into control and 4 different concentration of vinorelbine-induced model groups.Control rats were injected with 0.1 mL normal saline via the dorsalis pedis vein of the hind limb,while other rats were injected with different concentrations of vinorelbine(2,3,4,5 mg/mL),as above.General observations were performed and the hind limb volume was measured daily for 7 consecutive days to calculate the swelling rate.The rats were then killed and histological changes in the dorsalis pedis vein were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Microstructural changes on the surface of the vascular endometrium were observed by scanning electron microscopy.Results Injection of 2,3,4,5 mg/mL vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein significantly induced hind limb swelling in a concentration-dependent manner,peaking on day 3 in each group.The phlebitis rates on day 7 were 50%in the 2 mg/mL group and 83.3%in the 3 mg/mL group.Phlebitis was also induced in the 4 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL groups,including grade Ⅲ in 66.6%and grade Ⅳ in 83.3%.Histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltration,wall thickening,lumen stenosis,and thrombosis in the tissues surrounding the veins.Scanning electron microscopy showed destruction of tight junctions of venous endothelial cells,and a rough surface of the vascular lining,resultsing in blood cell adhesion.Conclusions Injection of 0.1 mL of 3～5 mg/mL vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein could induce red,swollen,and cord-like veins,as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells around the vein,thickened vein walls,lumen stenosis,and thrombosis.In addition,the surface of the venous intima was rough and adhered to numerous blood cells.All these features are consistent with those of clinical chemotherapeutic phlebitis in terms of the symptoms and pathological structure.

The crown-root ratio (C/R) theory of natural teeth has been widely recognized in the field of stomatology,and has important clinical significance in predicting and assessing the prognosis of natural teeth as well as for abutment selection during denture restoration. In the past few decades, scholars have advocated for the implantation of implants as long in length as possible to improve the success rate according to the theory of crown-root ratio of natural teeth. However, with the application of short implants, our philosophy of implantation has changed, and the relationship between the crown-implant (C/I) ratio and complications has become one of the current research hotspots. In this paper, the concept of the crown-implant ratio, the research progress of the C/I ratio, the implant survival rate and clinical complications of implant restoration were reviewed and summarized, and the following suggestions were put forward: although most studies have shown no significant correlation between the C/I ratio and implant survival or marginal bone loss, this relationship may increase the risk of mechanical complications. A C/I < 3 and a crown length < 15 mm are recommended in implant restoration; when ultra-short implants are applied, the implant system can increase the bone-to-implant contact area, and splint prostheses such as crown or bridge are recommended.

Objective: Comparing the benefit of Abidor, lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b triple combination antiviral therapy and lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon dual combination antiviral therapy to hospitalized novel coronavirus pneumonia 2019 in Zhejiang province. Methods: A multi-center prospective study was carried out to compare the effect of triple combination antiviral therapy with dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang Province. All patients were treated with recombinant interferon α-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation. 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the triple combination antiviral treatment group. 41 patients were treated with lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the dual combination antiviral treatment group. The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were divided into three groups: within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset. To explore the therapeutic effects of triple combination antiviral drugs and dual combination antiviral drugs, as well as triple combination antiviral drugs with different antiviral initiate time. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The time of virus nucleic acid turning negative was (12.2 ± 4.7) days in the triple combination antiviral drug group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [(15.0 ± 5.0) days] (t = 6.159, P < 0.01 ). The length of hospital stay [12 (9, 17) d] in the triple combination antiviral drug group was also shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [15 (10, 18) d] (H = 2.073, P < 0.05). Comparing the antiviral treatment which was started within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset of triple combination antiviral drug group, the time from the symptom onset to the negative of viral shedding was 13 (10,16.8), 17 (13,22) and 21 (18-24) days respectively (Z = 32.983, P < 0.01), and the time from antiviral therapy to the negative of viral shedding was (11.8±3.9) , (13.5±5.1) and (11.2±4.3) d. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (Z=32.983 and 6.722, P<0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions The triple combination antiviral therapy of Abidor, Lopinavir/Litonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b showed shorter viral shedding time and hospitalization time compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy. The earlier the time to initiate triple antiviral treatment, the shorter the time of virus shedding.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of two-stage crestal approach sinus elevation in severe atrophic maxilla.Methods:A total of 25 patients (male: 13 cases,female: 12 cases) who attended Department of Implant Center, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University from May 2016 to May 2018 were included in this study. The age of the patients was 32-49 years old. The inclusion criteria were: single or multiple tooth loss in posterior maxilla with residual bone height ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 mm and vertical bone width≥6 mm, no pathological changes or septum were detected in the sinus. The elevated sides were divided into three groups according to different buccal-palatal sinus width (SW): wide (16 case, SW＞15 mm), normal (12 case, 12 mm≤SW≤15 mm), narrow (5 case, SW<12 mm). Finally, 23 patients with 33 implants were placed by the two-stage crestal approach for sinus elevation. Six months after implant placement, final restorations were delivered. Implant survival rate, implant stability quotient (ISQ), immediate vertical bone height (VBH) after surgeries, changes of sinus elevation height (cSEH), marginal bone loss (MBL) at 1 year follow-up were examined.Results:Twenty-three patients were finally included in the study, including 12 males and 11 females, aged (41.2±7.6) years old. All implants healed uneventfully. ISQ (wide: 50.81±2.69; normal: 60.58±2.54; narrow: 63.12±3.58), immediate VBH after 1st surgery [wide: (7.99±1.13) mm; normal: (8.95±0.81) mm; narrow: (9.18±0.90) mm] and 2nd surgery [wide: (11.46±0.88) mm; normal: (12.77±0.49) mm; narrow: (12.57±0.55) mm], cSEH six months after 1st [wide: (3.87±0.43) mm; normal: (2.01±0.65) mm; narrow: (1.49±0.33) mm] and 2nd [wide: (1.16±0.29) mm; normal: (1.04±0.33) mm ; narrow: (0.97±0.41) mm] surgery, MBL [wide: (0.91±0.05) mm; normal: (0.79±0.10) mm; narrow: (0.74±0.07) mm] were significantly different among three groups ( P<0.05). In all the three groups, cSEH was barely detected at 1-year follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Two-stage crestal approach for sinus elevation might be an alternative protocol in severe atrophic posterior maxilla, especially in cases with narrow and normal buccal-palatal width. There is an urgent need for long time follow-up and more clinical cases.

Objective: To improve clinical management of maternal and neonatal listeriosis through analyzing the clinical characteristics and antibiotic treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of listeriosis, including their demographic and clinical features, was conducted, involving 16 pregnant women from Civil Aviation General Hospital, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City from October, 2011 to May, 2018, and 10 newborns from the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from February, 2016 to April 2018. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis. Results: (1) Among the 16 gravidas, one, five and 10 developed the infection in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively, and eight had pregnancy complications. Furthermore, all of them developed fever [(38.9±0.5) ℃]. Symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, dizziness, headache and other flu-like symptoms were observed in six cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms and flu-like symptoms were presented in four. Fetal distress, tachycardia and decreased fetal movement occurred in 11 cases. Elevated C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were detected in 16 and 14, respectively. Eight underwent placental pathological examination which shown various degrees of pathological changes, including neutrophil infiltration, acute chorioamnionitis and inflammatory necrosis. The main empirical antibiotic treatment for the 16 patients was cephalosporins and only four covered Listeria monocytogenes. Only two delivered at term, while the others (14/16) ended in miscarriage, premature delivery or stillbirth. (2) Among the 10 newborns with listeriosis, there were eight early-onset infections and two late-onset infections. All of them were febrile [(38.6±0.6)℃]. Six had cyanosis, groaning, foaming and three concave sign; five showed shortness of breath; meningitis and skin rash were found in one, respectively. All had elevated white blood cell and C-reactive protein. Six received antibiotics covering Listeria monocytogenes during the initial empirical treatment. Four were treated with cephalosporins alone, one of which died after the treatment was withdrawn. One was cured by initial treatment with meropenem alone, while eight recovered after adjustment of treatment with ampicillin, penicillin, meropenem, vancomycin alone, or meropenem combined with ampicillin or vancomycin. (3) The isolates that were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and meropenem accounted for 96.1% (25/26) all together and 88.5% (23/26) were susceptible to compound sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions There is no specific clinical manifestations of maternal or neonatal listeriosis. Maternal listeriosis is often characterized by acute onset and high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective : To explore the clinical effect of the alveolar crest approach in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and the repair of edentulous implants in this area. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 20 patients with odontogenic sinusitis. The pathogenesis in each case was investigated. After elimination of the dental origin, each patient was treated with flushing, drainage and anti-inflammatories through the alveolar crest approach. Postoperative CBCT reexamination was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Maxillary sinus elevation surgery with simultaneous or delayed implantation was performed after maxillary sinusitis healing was confirmed. The patients were followed postoperatively. Results : Twenty patients with odontogenic sinusitis were treated by the alveolar crest approach, and 17 were cured, for a cure rate of 85%. Among them, 17 of the maxillary sinusitis patients were followed for 1 year, with good results. Conclusion The alveolar crest approach is feasible for the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and can serve as a minimally invasive method for the repair of edentulism in this area and implantation.

Objective : To investigate the effect of a laser-etched pure titanium surface on proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and to provide a basis for study of implant surface modification. Methods: The pure titanium plate was cut into titanium pieces by a numerical control machine tool and divided into smooth surface and laser etching groups. The titanium surface of the laser etching group was etched with an Nd:YAG continuous wave laser using predetermined parameters, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface micromorphology of each titanium sheet was evaluated. The relative element content of the titanium surface was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ra value of each surface was determined using the Veeco roughness tester. MG63 cells were inoculated on 2 sets of titanium tablets. At 1, 3, and 6 h postinoculation, cell adhesion to the two groups of titanium sheets was observed under the microscope. At 24 h after inoculation, cellular F-actin was directly stained using immunofluorescence, and the morphology of the cytoskeleton was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation was examined at 1, 3, and 5 d using a MTS kit, and the data were analyzed with SAS 9.4. Results : The surface of the smooth surface group was smooth and flat, the element composition was pure titanium, and the roughness Ra was 179.23 nm. The surface of the laser-etched group formed a regular and uniform pore structure. The composition was mainly Ti, O, C, etc, and the surface roughness Ra was 14.11 μm. A large number of cells were uniformly distributed on the two titanium sheets in the observations at 1, 3, and 6 h. At 24 h postinoculation, MG63 cells were completely stretched on the two sets of titanium sheets and had extended a large number of pseudopods and microfilaments to cross-link with peripheral cells; moreover, the cell division phase was observed. The cell proliferation of the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 d showed a significant increase with time, indicating that no cytotoxicity occurred on the surfaces of the two groups. However, the cell proliferation in the laser-etched group was superior to that in the mechanical smooth surface group. Conclusion The surface morphology of titanium can be controlled by laser etching, which is conductive to increase the microstructure of implants without cytotoxicity and promoting osteoblast proliferation in the early stage.

Objective Exploration of the titanium surface nano structure on the cellular bioactivity is of great significance to modifying the pure titanium surface. The unique cluster-like anatase/rutile nanowires (AR@NWs)was prepared and we further examined whether this surface was beneficial for early biological reaction in osteoblast.Methods Unique cluster-like anatase/rutile NWs(AR@NWs)was generated by using a simple hy-drothermal reaction via a three-step synthesis process.The crystal structure of nanowires on titanium surface was de-tected by X-ray diffractometer. The biological activity of nanowires was studied using in vitro cellular experiments. Results The AR@NWs was with a diameter of 200 nm. Three different types of NWs were generated during the production process,displaying different crystal structure and biological characteristics but similar surface topogra-phy and wettability.Compared with sodium titanate NWs(STi@NWs)and H2Ti2O5nanowires(HTi@NWs),AR@NWs surface was conductive to cell attachment. The data indicated that the surface titanium chemical composi-tion and crystal structure played an important role in the cell early response.To some extent,the generation of ana-tase and rutile compensated the cell-repelling properties of NWs. Conclusion Not only the surface physical prop-erties such as surface topography but also the surface chemistry plays an important role in promoting the cell early bioactivity.