Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is currently the most common liver disease around the world.MAFLD may easily progress to the adverse outcomes such as hepatitis,liver fibrosis,and liver cirrhosis,and it is often accompanied by comorbidities such as diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Etiological treatment is the cornerstone of MAFLD treatment,and due to the complexity and adverse outcome of MAFLD,it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of MAFLD and develop effective prevention and treatment regimens and drugs.This article reviews the pathogenesis of MAFLD from the aspects of genetic factors,improper diet and oxidative stress,spleen-stomach damp-heat and insulin resistance,damp-heat and pathogenic Qi,organic acid metabolism,and intestinal microecology.

BACKGROUND: SMARCA2 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator of Chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 2) is an important ATPase catalytic subunit in the switch-sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex. However, its relationship with the pathological features of NSCLC and its prognosis remain unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2390 patients with surgically resected NSCLC, constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) and performed immunohistochemical assays. We analyzed the correlation of SAMRCA2 with clinicopathological features and evaluated its prognostic value. RESULTS: Among 2390 NSCLC cases, the negative expression ratios of SAMRCA2, SMARCA4, ARID1A, ARID1B and INI1 were 9.3%, 1.8%, 1.2%, 0.4% and 0%, respectively. In NSCLC, male sex, T3 and T4 stage, moderate and poor differentiation, tumor ≥ 2 cm, Ki67 ≥ 15%, SOX-2 negative expression, middle lobe lesion and adenocarcinoma were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. In lung adenocarcinomas, high-grade nuclei, histological morphology of acinar and papillary, solid and micropapillary and TTF-1-negative expression were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the OS was shorter in the SMARCA2-negative group. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that SMARCA2-negative expression was an independent factor correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SMARCA2-negative expression is an independent predictor of a poor outcome of NSCLC and is a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Icaritin Ⅱ (ICAⅡ) on bladder in radiation cystitis model.Methods:A total of 18 10-week-old male SD rats were selected from July 2021 to March 2022 and divided into control group, model group and treatment group by random number table method, with 6 cases in each group. Model group and treatment group were given a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray irradiation in the pelvic area. 24 h after irradiation, the treatment group was given ICAⅡ 4.5 mg/(kg·d) gavage, while the control group and model group were given the same volume of solvent (10% anhydrous ethanol, 20% isopropyl alcohol, 30% polyethylene glycol and 40% deionized water) gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Drug eluting for 1 week. The bladder volume and leakage point pressure of the three groups of rats were measured by multi-conducting physiological apparatus, and the bladder function was evaluated. HE staining, Masson staining, ELISA, TUNEL staining and western blotting were performed on the bladder samples of the three groups of rats. The pathological changes (thickness of bladder mucosa, ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fiber), oxidative stress level (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde), apoptosis rate, protein levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, NF-kB) and anti-oxidative stress signaling pathway factors (Nrf2, HO-1) of the three groups of rats were compared.Results:After 4 weeks of modeling, in the model group, the bladder volume [(1.01±0.12)ml vs. (1.58±0.21)ml, P=0.001], the bladder leakage point pressure [(38.79±4.12) cmH 2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)vs.(60.59±3.81) cmH 2O, P=0.001], the ratio of smooth muscle of bladder wall to collagen fiber [1.78±0.17 vs.3.15±0.57, P=0.001], SOD[(6.31±0.73) U/mg vs.(14.67±1.04) U/mg, P=0.001] were lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the model group, the thickness of bladder mucosa [(47.33±1.78)μm vs.(20.83±2.33)μm, =, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(1.01±0.13) nmol/mg vs.(0.49±0.03) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.87±0.11 vs. 0.33±0.10, P=0.001), NF-kB (0.71±0.14 vs. 0.29±0.07, P=0.001), apoptosis rate [(11.60±3.04)% vs. (3.91±1.40)%, P=0.007] was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the treatment group, the bladder volume [(1.27±0.13)ml, P=0.030], bladder leakage point pressure [(47.83±2.50)cmH 2O, P=0.004], smooth muscle to collagen fiber ratio (2.78±0.68, P=0.015), SOD[(10.48±0.85) U/mg, Compared with model group, bladder mucosa thickness [(31.94±3.20)μm, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(0.64±0.09) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.69±0.11, P=0.035), NF-kB (0.45±0.06, P=0.002) and apoptosis rate [(6.05±0.60)%, P=0.030] were lower than those in model group. The protein expression level of Nrf2 in model group (0.73±0.08 vs. 0.58±0.11, P=0.023) was higher than that in control group, but there was no significant difference in the protein expression level of downstream antioxidant factor HO-1 (0.50±0.14 vs. 0.35±0.06, P=0.060). Nrf2 protein expression level (0.88±0.03, P=0.027) and HO-1 expression level (0.68±0.07, P=0.026) in treatment group were higher than those in model group. Conclusion:ICAⅡ can reduce radiation cystitis injury, and its mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

Objective To investigate the association of lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral fat index (VAI) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the value of LAP and VAI in predicting the risk of NAFLD. Methods A total of 708 subjects who underwent physical examination in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2018 to May 2019 were enrolled and divided into NAFLD group ( n =426) and non-NAFLD group ( n =282), and the two groups were compared in terms of LAP, VAI, and related biochemical parameters. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups.The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman test was used for correlation analysis. The subjects were divided into L1-L4 groups based on LAP and V1-V4 groups based on VAI, and the distribution of NAFLD was compared between groups; a logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk of NAFLD at different levels of LAP and VAI, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for LAP, VAI, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) in predicting NAFLD in different sex and body weight subgroups, so as to evaluate the value of each index in the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD. Results Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the NAFLD group had significantly higher age, proportion of male subjects, proportion of subjects with a smoking history, and levels of LAP, VAI, WC, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and serum uric acid, as well as a significantly lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.01). NAFLD was positively correlated with the levels of LAP and VAI (Cramer's V=0.552 and 0.464). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for related risk factors, the risk of NAFLD in the L4 group was still 8.811 (95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 4.335-17.910) times that in the L1 group ( P < 0.001), and the risk of NAFLD in the V4 group was still 5.967 (95% CI : 3.263-10.912) times than that in the V1 group ( P < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that both LAP and VAI had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of > 0.7 in predicting the onset of NAFLD in different sex and body weight subgroups; the AUCs of LAP and VAI in the female subgroup were significantly higher than those in the male subgroup (LAP: 0.886 vs 0.785, P < 0.05; VAI: 0.824 vs 0.748, P < 0.05), and the corresponding sensitivities and specificities of LAP and VAI in the female subgroup were also higher than those in the male subgroup (sensitivity: LAP: 79.8% vs 63.7%; VAI: 77.9% vs 77.0%; specificity: LAP: 85.0% vs 81.1%; VAI: 77.6% vs 62.3%). Conclusion The risk of NAFLD increases with the increase in the levels of LAP and VAI. Both LAP and VAI have a good value in predicting NAFLD in different sex and body weight subgroups, especially in predicting NAFLD in the female population.

Malignant tumors in the head and neck seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. After treatment, they may cause many complications, such as facial deformity, difficulties with chewing, dysphagia and asaphia. Among them, trismus (restricted mouth opening) is one of the most common complications after treatment of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors. In severe cases, patients may even suffer from trismus and eating difficulties, finally leading to malnutrition and even cachexia. Therefore, it not only affects the quality of life of patients and even endangers their lives but also brings heavy social and economic burdens. How to effectively prevent and treat posttreatment trismus is a clinical problem that is easily ignored by head and neck surgeons and urgently needs to be solved. The results of a literature review showed that trismus may be related to the tumor clinical stage, tumor site, treatment used, radiotherapy site, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy type, and other factors. The incidence of trismus tends to be significant 6 months after treatment. Without early intervention, the resulting dysfunction may become more severe. Current studies have shown that the prevention and treatment of restricted mouth opening is based on controlling the progress of restricted mouth opening and restoring function. Exercise intervention for trismus can significantly improve the restricted mouth opening of patients with malignant head and neck tumors after treatment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the E2 and E4 alleles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene and myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to explore the relationship between apoE polymorphism and blood lipid metabolism.Methods:This case control study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2020 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 3 459 inpatients with T2DM were included including 3 044 patients without MI (T2DM group) and 415 patients with MI (T2DM+MI group). Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect apoE polymorphism. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect lipid levels. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of apoE with risk of MI in patients with T2DM.Results:(1) The frequency of E4 allele in T2DM+MI group (12.29%, 102/830) was significantly higher than in T2DM group (9.13%,556/6 088), while the frequency of E2 allele in T2DM+MI group (7.35%,61/830) was significantly lower than that in T2DM group (8.21%,500/6 088), P=0.012. Logistic regression analyses showed that E4 allele carrier (E3/E4+E4/E4) faced a higher risk for MI in T2DM patients ( OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.92, P=0.003), while E2 allele carrier(E2/E3+E2/E2)did not face a higher risk of MI in T2DM patients ( OR=0.88, P=0.642). (2) The levels of apoE polymorphism and blood lipid: The levels of TC, LDL-C and apoB increased in the order of E4 allele, wild type and E2 allele ( P<0.05). The levels of HDL-C, apoA1 and apoE decreased in the order of E4 allele, Wild type and E2 allele ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The E4 allele is a risk factor for MI in T2DM patients, and apoE polymorphism can affect blood lipid level in this patent cohort.

Objective To investigate and analyze the capabilities of Plasmodium microscopic examinations in medical and health organizations in Dongxihu District,Wuhan City,so as to provide evidences for achieving the standard of malaria elimina?tion and malaria control in the future. Methods The basic information of the laboratorians and the hardware facilities in 15 mi?croscopic examination stations of Plasmodium were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile,the quality of mak?ing,dyeing,cleanliness of all the negatives blood smears were evaluated,and all the positive smears were re?checked in the dis?trict during the period above mentioned. Results Totally,there were 28 laboratorians and 9 qualified microscopes in 15 micros?copy stations in Dongxihu District. The age of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations was mainly from 40 to 50 years old,but the age of those in the second?level organizations was from 20 to 30 years old. The years for microscopic ex?amination working of most of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations were more than 15 years,while the working years of those in the second?level organizations were mainly less than 10 years. The education level of the laboratorians in the first?level organization was mainly(50.00%)junior college,while the education levels of those in the second and third or?ganizations were mainly bachelor. From 2010 to 2015,8 561 blood smears were produced and 539 of them were reviewed,the co?incidence rates of review were all 100%,and the average qualified rates of making,dyeing,and cleanliness of the negative blood smears were 82.08%,79.92%and 83.33%,respectively. All the rates mentioned above in 2015 were higher than those in 2010(χ2=26.45,16.85,13.93,all P<0.01). Conclusion The capability of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium has improved obviously in Dongxihu District,but the human resources construction and hardware input in this district should be im?proved,meanwhile,the check on the quality control of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium should be continued,so as to guarantee the sustainable and healthy development of malaria control work in this district.

In order to train higher vocational nursing talents with strong theoretical knowledge,practical ability and humanistic quality,Kunming health Career Academy specially has developed clinical nursing comprehensive training course.Focusing on the training of students' occupation ability and the employment orientation,this course introduces multi-station concept,design and arrange the site teaching content,uses rich teaching methods and practices scientific and strict assessment,and especially it puts forward and implements intensive training t of site teaching before the practice of nursing students.Finally,the graduation test scores between the students who studied the course and the previous students who didn't are compared and analyzed.The result shows that the teaching of this course has obviously improved the theory,skill level and humanistic quality of nursing students in our hospital.

Objective:To evaluate visceral sensitivity,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D),and to explore their roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.Methods:A total of 46 IBS-D patients (IBS-D group) were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from October 2015 to March 2016,and 20 healthy volunteer were served as a control group (HC group).Clinical and psychological symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire,and visceral sensitivity to rectal balloon distention,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) were examined.The difference in the abovementioned indexes were compared between the 2 groups,and the correlations in the parameters were analyzed in the IBS-D group.Results:The scores of IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and visceral sensitivity index (VSI) were significantly higher in the IBS-D group than those in the HC group (P＜0.01).In the visceral sensitivity test,maximum tolerable threshold in the IBS-D group was significantly decreased compared to that in the HC group (P＜0.01);there was no significant difference in first sensation threshold and defecating sensation threshold between the two groups (P＞0.05).As gut barrier function markers,the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were significantly increased in the IBS-D group (P＜0.05).In ANF test,the total score and parasympathetic score as well as the proportion of abnormal scores in the IBS-D group were significantly higher than those in the HC group (P＜0.05).In IBS-D group,the HAMA,VSI and serum DAO were positively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=0.528,0.575,0.507;P＜0.01),while the 3 visceral sensitivity thresholds were negatively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=-0.636,-0.476,-0.697;P＜0.01);in addition to the IBS-SSS,the HAMA,HAMD,VSI and serum DAO were also significant negatively correlated with the visceral sensitivity thresholds (all P＜0.05);no significant correlations were found between the ANF and the other parameters.Conclusion:IBS-D patients show psychological symptoms,visceral hypersensitivity,impaired gut barrier function and abnormal ANF characterized by parasympathetic dysfunction;the former 3 factors are all associated with disease severity,and thus may play vital roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the primary causes leading to visual damage in many fundus diseases.Many evidences indicate that macrophage activation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play important roles in CNV.However, the dynamic expression of macrophage and MCP-1 in the initial stage of CNV is not clear.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic changes of F4/80 and MCP-1 expressions in retina-choroid tissue with experimental CNV.Methods Laser-induced CNV models were monocularly established in 105 SPF 8-week-old male wild type C57BL/6 mice.The mice were sacrificed at 6,12,24, 48 and 72 hours after photocoagulation, respectively, and the retina-choroid tissue sections and choroidal flatmounts were prepared.The histopathological examination was carried out to observe the changes of morphology and structure as well as inflammatory response in CNV.The expression and distribution of F4/80 and MCP-1 protein in retinachoroid were detected by double immunofluorescence technique.The expression and distribution of F4/80 in choroid were examined by immunofluorescence.The relative expression levels of F4/80 mRNA and the content of MCP-1 protein in RPE-choroid complex were assayed using real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA,respectively.The use and care of the mice complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by Ethic Committee of Experimental Animals of Nanjing Medical University.Results The rupture of Bruch membrane, RPE, outer nuclear layer and choroid was exhibited under the optical microscope 6 hours after photocoagulation.Infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue edema were seen as the lapse of photocoagulation time, and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was found 72 hours after photocoagulation.F4/80 was expressed in photocoagulation area 6 hours later, and MCP-1 was expressed around the area.With the lapse of photocoagulation time,the expression intensity of MCP-1 weakened and that of F4/80 enhanced.The contents of MCP-1 protein in RPE-choroid complex were (31.25±4.73), (276.31 ±4.20), (331.95 ±5.86), (221.24±4.42), (179.89 ± 4.10) and (130.80 ± 5.90) pg/mg in the normal control group, photocoagulation 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-and 72-hour groups, respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F=1 416.46 ,P＜0.01).The contents of MCP-1 protein peaked at 12 hours after photocoagulation and then gradually declined.The expression levels of MCP-1 protein in different time groups were higher than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.01).A significant difference in F4/80 mRNA expression in RPE-choroid complex was also found among the groups (F =762.72, P＜0.01, and a gradually raising tendency was seen over time, showing evidently increase in comparison with the normal control group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Inflammatory response occurs in the early stage of experimental CNV.MCP-1 responds to the CNV at early stage,and the accumulation and activation of macrophage play an important role in the development of CNV.