Objective To survey the resistance profile of clinical isolates to antibiotics across the hospitals in Dongguan,Guangdong Province during 2015.Methods Kirby-Bauer method or automated system was used to test the susceptibility of clinical isolates to selected antimicrobial agents.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.The susceptibility data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 29 665 strains of microorganisms were isolated,of which gram positive cocci accounted for 32.1％ (9 509/29 665) and gram negative bacilli accounted for 67.9％ (20 156/29 665),respectively.The prevalence of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus was 23.3％ (705/3 024) in S.aureus and 43.6％ (1 054/2 419) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal strain was found.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 36.4％ (2 554/7 020) in E.coli and 24.5％(792/3 227) in Klebsiella isolates.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 0.2％ (30/13 077).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was 16.0％ (500/3 116) and 53.9％ (827/1 533),respectively.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae (PRSP) strains was 10.1％ (142/1 404).Beta-lactamase was produced in 30.6％ (276/902) of the H.influenzae strains.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains was 0.7％ (10/1 441).Conclusions Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is valuable for rational antimicrobial therapy,formulation of treatment guidelines and infection control and prevention measures,as well as preventing the spread of drug-resistant strains.

Objective To investigate clinical, imaging features, and long-term outcomes in patients with isolated anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory infarction due to ACA atherosclerosis, and compare with isolated ACA territory infarction due to other etiologies. Methods The consecutive patients with acute isolated ACA territory infarction confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging were enrolled prospectively. According to their stroke etiology, they were divided into ACA atherosclerotic stroke and non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke. The infarction patterns were classified as single infarction including perforating artery infarction (PAI), small branch infarction (SBI) and cortical branch infarction(CBI), and multiple infarctions (a combination of PAI,SBI or CBI).The clinical,imaging features and long-term outcomes were compared between the ACA atherosclerotic stroke group and the non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke group. Results A total of 86 patients (47 males) were enrolled, ages ranging from 39 to 88 years (mean 67.5 ± 12.5 years). There were 56 patients in the ACA atherosclerotic stroke group, and 30 patients in the non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke group (12 carotid atherosclerosis, 6 cardioembolism, 2 internal carotid artery dissection, 10 undetermined etiology). The proportions of females (53.6% vs. 30.0%; P= 0.043), progressive onset of stroke(58.9% vs. 20.0%;P=0.001),SBI alone(21.4% vs. 3.3%;P=0.029)and infarction involving small branches(80.4% vs. 46.7%;P=0.001)in the ACA atherosclerotic stroke group were higher than those in the non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke group, and CBI alone (17.9% vs. 55.3%, P=0.001) was lower. The follow-up times in the ACA atherosclerotic stroke group and the non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke group were 29.8 ± 16.5 months and 30.4 ± 18.5 months, respectively (P=0.534). Five-year cumulative incidence of adverse events (stroke, cardiovascular events and death) in the ACA atherosclerotic stroke group and the non-ACA atherosclerotic stroke group were 36.3% and 69.9% respectively(log rank test,P=0.021).Conclusions ACA atherosclerosis is the common etiology for isolated ACA territory infarction. The isolated ACA territory infarction due to ACA atherosclerosis had distinctive infarction patterns and a lower long-term incidence of adverse events compared with those due to non-ACA atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the risk and predictors of stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic intracranial internal carotid artery(IICA)stenosis.Methods Consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) caused by IICA atherosclerotic stenosis were enrolled prospectively. The patients were regularly followed up to assess stroke recurrence. Results A total of 70 patients were enrolled, 49 patients were males, and the mean age was 68.2 ± 12.3 years. The mean follow-up time was 34 ± 17 months (median, 33 months). Twenty-seven patients (38.6%) experienced recurrent events during the follow-up period (5 TIAs and 22 ischemic strokes);92.6% of recurrent events occurred in the original symptomatic stenotic IICA territory. Internal watershed infarction in patients with recurrent stroke was more common than those without stroke recurrence(74.1% vs. 44.2%,P=0.025). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the risks of stroke recurrence at 1,3 and 5 years were 26.8%, 42.5%, and 46.9%, respectively in patients with symptomatic IICA stenosis. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the predictors for stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic IICA stenosis included diabetes (hazard risk [HR] 3.68,95% confidence interval[CI] 1.43-9.46; P=0.007), combined asymptomatic intracranial artery occlusive disease(HR 2.95,95% CI 1.16-7.50;P=0.023),and internal watershed infarction (HR 4.50, 95% CI 1.43-14.17; P=0.010) after adjusting for sex, age and traditional vascular risk factors. Conclusions The risk of long-term stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic IICA stenosis is still high under the current drug treatment. Diabetes, combined asymptomatic intracranial arterial occlusive disease, and internal watershed infarction are closely associated with stroke recurrence.

Objective To analyze the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in perinatal pregnant women.Methods The vaginal and rectal specimens were collected from pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks of pregnancy for culture and identification.The serotypes were analyzed using agglutination assay.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method,and interpreted according to 2009 CLSI breakpoints.The data were analyzed via WHONET 5.6 software.Results The prevalence of GBS was 10.4％ (264/2 533) in the 2 533 perinatal pregnant women.Serotype Ⅲ,Ⅰa and Ⅰb was identified in 54.9％ (84/153),17.6％ (27/153) and 13.1％ (20/153) of the GBS,respectively.All the GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin,cefiriaxone and vancomycin.But 32.9％,68.1％ and 62.1％ of the isolates were resistant to levofloxacin,erythromycin and clindamycin,respectively.The antibiotic resistance rate of serotype Ⅲ isolates to the above three antibiotics was significantly higher than the other serotypes.Conclusions GBS may colonize both vagina and rectum of pregnant women.Vaginal and rectal secretions should be sampled simultaneously for better screening GBS.GBS serotype Ⅲ was the predominant serotype.Penicillin can be used as the first-choice treatment for GBS infections in pregnant women and newborns.GBS-positive pregnant women should be given the intervention treatment immediately to ensure the health of perinatal infants.

Objective To investigate the differences of risk factors,imaging features,etiologies,and long-term outcomes in young adults with anterior and posterior circulation ischemic stroke.Methods Consecutive young patients (15-45 years) with ischemic stroke were divided into an anterior circulation group and a posterior circulation group.They were followed up regularly for a long term,and the endpoint events included stroke,cardiovascular events,and death.Results A total of 289 patients were enrolled in the study,including 220 males.Their mean age was 38.0 ±6.5 years.There were 213 patients (73.7％) in the anterior circulation group and 76 (26.3％) in the posterior circulation group.In terms of risk factors,valvular heart disease was more common in the anterior circulation group (6.6％ vs.0.0％;Fisher's exact test,P =0.025),while hypertension (51.3％ vs.36.6％;x2 =5.021,P=0.025) and prodromic infection (6.6％ vs.1.4％;Fisher's exact test,P =0.018) were more common in the posterior circulation group.In the etiologies of stroke,large-artery atherosclerosis was more common in the anterior circulation group (32.4％ vs.13.2％;x2 =10.435,P =0.001),while small vessel occlusion (26.3％ vs.15.5％;x2 =4.381,P =0.036) and arterial dissection (19.7％ vs.9.9％;x2 =5.012,P =0.025) were more common in the posterior circulation group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of 5-year cumulative end-point events between the anterior circulation group and the posterior circulation group (20.2％ vs.18.5％;log-rank test P =0.614).Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender,the independent predictors of end-point events in the posterior circulatory group included hypercholesterolemia (hazard ratio [HR] 3.622,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.216-17.766;P =0.030),old infarction (HR 6.045,95％ CI 1.602-29.580;P =0.016),and CE (HR 8.256,95％ CI 1.398-27.302;P=0.029).Conclusion There were significant differences in the risk factors,etiologies,and influencing factors of long-term outcome between the anterior circulation and posterior circulation in Chinese young patients with ischemic stroke,suggesting that the different diagnosis and treatment strategies should be adopted for the two types of patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of low 1evel laser treatment (LLLT) on periodontal clinical index,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and metabolic control in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined chronic peridontitis.Methods Nighty patients with type 2 diabetes combined chronic peridontitis were divided into three groups:initial periodontal therapy (group A),initial therapy combined with LLLT (group B) and control group (group C).The periodontal clinical parameters including periodontal probing depth (PD),clinical attachment loss (CAL),sulcus bleeding index (SBI),hs-CRP,HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were tested before and at three months after therapy.Results The periodontal clinical parameters (PD,CAL,SBI) and hsCRP in group A and B improved significantly compared with that of group C after therapy (P＜0.05),with group B had more significant difference (P＜0.01).For the levels of HbA1c and FPG,group A and B showed downtrend,and more obvious outcome was detected in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusions LLLT can effectively improve periodontal status,hs-CRP levels and metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes combined with chronic peridontitis,and thus to prevent the occurrence of diabetes complications.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of eugenol-containing and resin-containing endodontic sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts using different strategies of root canal irrigation.

METHODSForty-eight mandibular premolars were endodontically treated. The specimens were randomly assigned into two groups according to different endodontic sealers. Group A used Endofil (eugenol-containing endodontic sealer), and group B used AH-plus (resin-containing endodontic sealer). After post space preparation, each group was randomly assigned into three subgroups according to the strategies of root canal irrigation (eight premolars in each subgroup). Group Al and B1: 0.9%NaCl irrigation; Group A2 and B2: 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl irrigation; Group A3 and B3: ultrasonic agitation associated with 1 7%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl. One week after the cementation of fiber posts using RelyX™ Unicem, a push-out test was performed to measure the bond strength of the posts. The microstructure of the root canal surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSThe bond strengths of the six groups were as follows: Al (7.96±2.23) MPa, A2 (9.95±2.89) MPa, A3 (18.88±3.69) MPa, B1 (11.41±3.71) MPa, B2 (14.00±4.04) MPa, and B3 (19.14±3.27) MPa. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between the different endodontic sealers and the strategies of root canal irrigation (P<0.05). Lower bond strength was found in group Al but not in group BI (P<0.05), and the same result was revealed when comparing group A2 and B2. No significant difference was observed between group A3 and B3 (P>0.05). SEM showed that the root canal in group A3 and B3 achieved the cleanest surface with nearly all dentine tubules opened.

CONCLUSIONThe eugenol-containing endodontic sealer can impair the bond strength of fiber posts compared with the resin-containing sealer when the root canal is irrigated by 0.9% NaCl or 17%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaC. No difference was observed between the two sealers when using 17%EDTA+5.25% NaCIO+0.9%NaCl combined with ultrasonic irrigation.

Bicuspid ; Cementation ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentin ; Humans ; Post and Core Technique ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Root Canal Irrigants ; Root Canal Therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different auxiliary resistance forms on the resistance and marginal fitness of complete crowns for short molar preparations.

METHODSA total of 70 Nissin resin teeth were prepared with 20° total occlusal convergence, 2.5 mm of occlusocervical height, and a shallow finish line on a milling machine. The milled preparations were then randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10. The first group was used as the control group. A total of 30 dies were modified by preparing interproximal grooves with angles of 0°, 6°, and 20° centered on the mesial and distal surfaces of the dies. The rest of the teeth were prepared with occlusal holes in the center of the occlusal surface milled with the same burs to form 0°, 6°, and 20° holes. Cobalt-chromium copings were fabricated for all specimens. The marginal gap of specific points on the axial surface was measured before and after cementation. The resistance of each specimen was evaluated by applying an external force at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the die by using a universal testing machine in a lingual to buccal direction. The maximum force applied before crown dislodgement was measured. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.2 software.

RESULTSThe results showed that the 0° groove, 0° hole, and 6° hole were effective in improving the resistance of the complete crowns (P<0.05). The 0° groove, 6° groove, 0° hole, 6° hole, and 20° hole had significant difference with the control group in terms of marginal discrepancies (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAuxiliary resistance forms with less degree indicate greater resistance force but worse marginal fitness. In clinical practice, if the resistance of a preparation is enough, the auxiliary resistance forms should be avoided from being used.

Cementation ; Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; Humans ; Molar ; Tooth Crown

ObjectiveTo?evaluate?the?influence?of?eugenol-containing?and?resin-containing?endodontic?sealers?on?the?bond?strength?of?fiber?posts?using?different?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation.?Methods???Forty-eight?mandibular?premolars?were?endodontically?treated.?The?specimens?were?randomly?assigned?into?two?groups?according?to?different?endodontic?sealers.?Group?A?used?Endofil?(eugenol-containing?endodontic?sealer),?and?group?B?used?AH-plus?(resin-containing?endodontic?sealer).?After?post?space?preparation,?each?group?was?randomly?assigned?into?three?subgroups?according?to?the?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation?(eight?premolars?in?each?subgroup).?Group?A1?and?B1:?0.9%NaCl?irrigation;?Group?A2?and?B2:?17%?ethylene?dia-mine?tetraacetic?acid?(EDTA)+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl?irrigation;?Group?A3?and?B3:?ultrasonic?agitation?associated?with?1 7%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl.?One?week?after?the?cementation?of?fiber?posts?using?RelyXTM?Unicem,?a?push-out?test?was?performed?to?measure?the?bond?strength?of?the?posts.?The?microstructure?of?the?root?canal?surface?was?examined?under?scanning?electron?microscope?(SEM).?Results???The?bond?strengths?of?the?six?groups?were?as?follows:?A1?(7.96±2.23)?MPa,?A2?(9.95±2.89)?MPa,?A3?(18.88±3.69)?MPa,?B1?(11.41±3.71)?MPa,?B2?(14.00±4.04)?MPa,?and?B3?(19.14±3.27)?MPa.?Statistical?analysis?revealed?a?significant?interaction?between?the?dif-ferent?endodontic?sealers?and?the?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation?(P<0.05).?Lower?bond?strength?was?found?in?group?A1?but?not?in?group?B1?(P<0.05),?and?the?same?result?was?revealed?when?comparing?group?A2?and?B2.?No?significant?diffe-rence?was?observed?between?group?A3?and?B3?(P>0.05).?SEM?showed?that?the?root?canal?in?group?A3?and?B3?achieved?the?cleanest?surface?with?nearly?all?dentine?tubules?opened.?Conclusion???The?eugenol-containing?endodontic?sealer?can?impair?the?bond?strength?of?fiber?posts?compared?with?the?resin-containing?sealer?when?the?root?canal?is?irrigated?by?0.9%?NaCl?or?17%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl.?No?difference?was?observed?between?the?two?sealers?when?using?17%EDTA+5.25%?NaClO+0.9%NaCl?combined?with?ultrasonic?irrigation.

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B)in the modulation of diallyl trisulfide(DATS)on interleukin-1?(IL-1?)expression induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in mice with acute lung injury(ALI).Methods Mice were randomly divided into Control group,ALI group,DATS group,DATS prevention group and DATS treatment group.The expression of IL-1? mRNA in the lung tissue was detected by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR).NF-?B activity in the lung tissue was detected by electrophoresis mobility shift assay(EMSA).The expression of phospho-I?B and I?B were assayed by Western blot.Results The expression of IL-1? mRNA,NF-?B activity and the phospho-I?B expression in lung tissues increased significantly at ALI group(P