Objective:To investigate the effects of compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules on joint function and gut microbiota in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:A single group pre- and post-experimental design was conducted, the patients with Kashin-Beck disease were selected as the subjects in Xunyi County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province; and treated with oral administration of compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules (12 g/bag, 1 bag/time, 3 times/day) for a period of 1 month. The improvement of joint function was evaluated using the joint dysfunction index scoring method before and after treatment. Morning stool samples of patients were collected and the changes in gut microbiota were analyzed before and after treatment using 16S rDNA sequencing technology.Results:A total of 87 patients with Kashin-Beck disease were included, including 44 males and 43 females; the age was (60.38 ± 7.12) years old, and the body mass index was (23.67 ± 3.59) kg/m 2. The comprehensive scores of joint dysfunction index for patients with Kashin-Beck disease before and after treatment were (7.27 ± 2.05) and (5.86 ± 2.01) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.88, P < 0.001). The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that there were statistically significant differences in the alpha diversity (chao1, observed species index) and beta diversity of gut microbiota in patients with Kashin-Beck disease before and after treatment ( Z = - 5.08, - 5.03, R = 0.09, P < 0.001). In the distribution of gut microbiota, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, with relative abundances of 50.21% and 52.09% before and after treatment, respectively; the Bifidobacterium was the dominant bacterial genus, with relative abundances of 16.83% and 18.81% before and after treatment, respectively. At the genus level, a total of 17 gut microbiota genera were screened out, among which the relative abundances of Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified, Acinetobacter, Pantoea, Leuconostoc, and Akkermanisia were significantly higher than before treatment ( Z = - 2.40, - 2.24, - 2.06, - 3.59, - 2.24, - 2.11, P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Dubosiella, Selenomonas, Anaeroplasma, Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group, Rikenella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, Lactobacillus, Prevotella-9, Phascolarctobacterium, and Desulfovibrio were significantly lower than before treatment ( Z = - 9.38, - 2.61, - 2.18, - 8.43, - 2.45, - 2.46, - 2.49, - 7.29, - 2.29, - 2.55, - 2.08, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules can effectively improve the joint function of patients with Kashin-Beck disease, and alter the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota community. It may reduce clinical symptoms in patients by regulating the structure of gut microbiota.

Objective:To investigate clinical characteristics and high-risk factors of prognosis of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) combined with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods:The clinical data of 102 children with TTTS admitted to the NICU at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to January 2020 were collected.Fifty-one pairs(102 cases)of twins without TTTS who were hospitalized at the same time and in the same gestational age were selected as the control group, and the relevant case data were collected and compared.The clinical data of 14 children with NEC in TTTS group were analyzed retrospectively.Results:(1)The average gestational age of TTTS group was(32.24±2.12)weeks, and that was (32.47±1.84) weeks in control group, with no statistical significance( P>0.05). The average birth weight of TTTS group was(1 547.63±523.80)g, which was lower than that of control group(1 658.71±454.13)g( P<0.05). There were 14 children in TTTS group with NEC, with an incidence of 13.7%(14/102), and seven children in the control group with NEC, with an incidence of 6.9%(7/102)( P<0.05). The proportion of very low birth weight infants, NEC occurrence within 2 weeks and mortality in TTTS group were higher than those in control group( P<0.05). (2)Compared with the non-NEC group, the NEC group of TTTS children had lower birth weight, the incidence of intrauterine distress and severe postnatal asphyxia, and the rate of sepsis were significantly higher than those in non-NEC group( P<0.05). (3)Among TTTS children, NEC was diagnosed in ten donors(71.4%) and four recipients(28.6%), with statistically significant difference between two groups( P<0.05). (4)The early clinical symptoms of TTTS complicated with NEC were mainly bloody stools, abdominal distension, poor response, apnea, and vomiting. Conclusion:TTTS is one of the risk factors for NEC, which the occurrence time of TTTS combined with NEC is not completely consistent with the classic NEC, which is more likely to occur within 2 weeks after birth.Children with TTTS complicated with NEC mostly occur in donor infants, and fetal distress in utero, severe asphyxia and sepsis are the high risk factors.The early clinical symptoms of TTTS combined with NEC are not significantly different from those of common NEC, mainly including bloody stools, abdominal diste, poor response, apnea, and vomiting.Vigilance should be raised when similar digestive symptoms appear in children.

Pressure injury is a common problem faced by global health care institutions, which seriously threatens the lives and health of patients. The treatment and care of pressure injuries need people in multiple professional fields to work together. This article interprets the assessment and planning part of the clinical practice guideline for the third edition of " Assessment and Management of Pressure Injuries for the Interprofessional Team" developed by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Canada. This article aims at helping the interprofessional team conduct accurate, comprehensive, and full-process assessments of patients with pressure injuries, formulate a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan, and providing a basis for the implementation of correct treatment measures, so as to promote the improvement and healing of pressure injuries.

Objective To study the clinical manifestations, risk factors, treatment and prognosis of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) sepsis in premature infants. Method A retrospective analysis was done for the premature infants diagnosed with klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and admitted to the neonatal wards of the Hospital from April 2015 to March 2018. According to the results of drug sensitive test, the infants was assigned to CRKP group and non-CRKP group. The perinatal factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed. Furthermore, high risk factors for CRKP group were analyzed. Result A total of 39 premature infants with KP sepsis were included in our study. There were 23 cases in the CRKP group and 16 cases in the non-CPAP group. In CPKP group, the gestational age was (29.5 ± 0.6) weeks, the birth weight was (1177 ± 272) g. In non-CRKP group, the gestational age was (30.0 ± 0.5) weeks, the birth weight was (1387 ± 220) g. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight was a risk factor for CRKP sepsis in premature infants (OR=1.203, 95％CI 1.068～1.355, P=0.002). The proportion of that required combination treatment with antibiotics and the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage after infection in the CPKP group were both higher than that in the non-CRKP group (P<0.05). The proportion and duration of antibiotics used in the first week before the onset of infection in infants with CRKP sepsis and combined antibiotic treatment were significantly higher than those in infants with CPKP sepsis and single antibiotic treatment. The use of antibiotics in the first week before the onset of infection was an independent risk factor for the combined drug treatment of premature infants with CRKP sepsis (OR=10.500, 95％CI 1.015～108.577, P=0.049). In the CRKP group, the improvement rate was 87.0％(20/23), 2 cases were withdrew, and 1 case deceased. In the non-CPKP group, the improvement rate was 87.5％(14/16), and 2 deceased. Conclusion The lower the birth weight, the greater the risk of infection with CRKP sepsis. The proportion of need combination treatment with antibiotics is high in infants with CRKP sepsis. The use of antibiotics in the first week before the onset of infection is a risk factor for combined antibiotic treatment in premature infants with CRKP sepsis .

Objective To investigate the association between blood glucose level and cardiovascular disease ( CVD) risk in elderly people aged 40 and older in Guiyang City. Methods Population-based cross-sectional studies on diabetes were performed in 10140 adults, aged 40-78 years, living in the Yunyan Community in Guiyang City, during May, 2011 to August, 2011. The fasting venous blood samples were drawn for the measurements of serum creatinine(Cr), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), OGTT 2hPG, fasting triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and fasting plasma insulin. The diabetes status and the classification system for diabetes in our study were categorized according to the Diabetes Diagnostic Standard which was issued by WHO in 1999. An estimated 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease was calculated. Results Compared with those in normal glucose regulation( NGR) group, the subjects in abnormal glucose metabolism were associated with higher prevalence of various cardiovascular risk factors, including age, body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1C , HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and creatinine, as well as 10-year Framingham risks for coronary heart disease. The difference was statistically significant ( all P<0. 05 ) . Men were more likely to have cardiovascular risk than women. Women developing the disease only begins to increase after the age of 59. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the subjects in NGR group, the 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease in impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) , impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , and diabetes mellitus ( DM ) groups shown 10％of increase were 1.13( OR=1.13, 95％CI 0.81-1.58, P>0.05) , 1.18( OR=1.18, 95％CI 0.95-1.45, P>0.05), and 1.44(OR=1.44, 95％CI 1.10-1.88, P<0.05), respectively, after adjusting for various influencing factors. Conclusion Diabetic patients and pre-diabetic individuals were independently associated with the increased 10-year risks for CVD.

Aim To observe the influence of CCK-8 on expression of MMPs/TIMP-1 in TNF-α-induced rat fibroblast-like synovial cell line RSC-364.Methods The secretion levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA;MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR.Results MMP-3 and MMP-9 could not be examined in RSC-364 incubated with CCK-8 and unstimulated RSC-364, which was able to product a little MMP-1, TIMP-1 and express even less MMP-3,-9 mRNA.CCK-8 inhibited the increase in MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 secretion and MMP-3,-9 mRNA expression in TNF-α-induced RSC-364.TIMP-1 production was also increased in TNF-α-induced RSC-364.CCK-8 had no effect on TIMP-1 production in TNF-α-induced RSC-364, but was able to reduce the ratios of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 to TIMP-1.Conclusion The inhibitory effect of CCK-8 on MMPs activity may be related to the decrease of MMPs mRNA expression, MMPs secretion and the ratios of MMPs to TIMP-1 in TNF-α-induced RSC-364, which indicates that CCK-8 might be a possible regulator in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different auxiliary resistance forms on the resistance and marginal fitness of complete crowns for short molar preparations.

METHODSA total of 70 Nissin resin teeth were prepared with 20° total occlusal convergence, 2.5 mm of occlusocervical height, and a shallow finish line on a milling machine. The milled preparations were then randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10. The first group was used as the control group. A total of 30 dies were modified by preparing interproximal grooves with angles of 0°, 6°, and 20° centered on the mesial and distal surfaces of the dies. The rest of the teeth were prepared with occlusal holes in the center of the occlusal surface milled with the same burs to form 0°, 6°, and 20° holes. Cobalt-chromium copings were fabricated for all specimens. The marginal gap of specific points on the axial surface was measured before and after cementation. The resistance of each specimen was evaluated by applying an external force at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the die by using a universal testing machine in a lingual to buccal direction. The maximum force applied before crown dislodgement was measured. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.2 software.

RESULTSThe results showed that the 0° groove, 0° hole, and 6° hole were effective in improving the resistance of the complete crowns (P<0.05). The 0° groove, 6° groove, 0° hole, 6° hole, and 20° hole had significant difference with the control group in terms of marginal discrepancies (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAuxiliary resistance forms with less degree indicate greater resistance force but worse marginal fitness. In clinical practice, if the resistance of a preparation is enough, the auxiliary resistance forms should be avoided from being used.

Cementation ; Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; Humans ; Molar ; Tooth Crown

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of eugenol-containing and resin-containing endodontic sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts using different strategies of root canal irrigation.

METHODSForty-eight mandibular premolars were endodontically treated. The specimens were randomly assigned into two groups according to different endodontic sealers. Group A used Endofil (eugenol-containing endodontic sealer), and group B used AH-plus (resin-containing endodontic sealer). After post space preparation, each group was randomly assigned into three subgroups according to the strategies of root canal irrigation (eight premolars in each subgroup). Group Al and B1: 0.9%NaCl irrigation; Group A2 and B2: 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl irrigation; Group A3 and B3: ultrasonic agitation associated with 1 7%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl. One week after the cementation of fiber posts using RelyX™ Unicem, a push-out test was performed to measure the bond strength of the posts. The microstructure of the root canal surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSThe bond strengths of the six groups were as follows: Al (7.96±2.23) MPa, A2 (9.95±2.89) MPa, A3 (18.88±3.69) MPa, B1 (11.41±3.71) MPa, B2 (14.00±4.04) MPa, and B3 (19.14±3.27) MPa. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between the different endodontic sealers and the strategies of root canal irrigation (P<0.05). Lower bond strength was found in group Al but not in group BI (P<0.05), and the same result was revealed when comparing group A2 and B2. No significant difference was observed between group A3 and B3 (P>0.05). SEM showed that the root canal in group A3 and B3 achieved the cleanest surface with nearly all dentine tubules opened.

CONCLUSIONThe eugenol-containing endodontic sealer can impair the bond strength of fiber posts compared with the resin-containing sealer when the root canal is irrigated by 0.9% NaCl or 17%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaC. No difference was observed between the two sealers when using 17%EDTA+5.25% NaCIO+0.9%NaCl combined with ultrasonic irrigation.

Bicuspid ; Cementation ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentin ; Humans ; Post and Core Technique ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Root Canal Irrigants ; Root Canal Therapy

ObjectiveTo?evaluate?the?influence?of?eugenol-containing?and?resin-containing?endodontic?sealers?on?the?bond?strength?of?fiber?posts?using?different?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation.?Methods???Forty-eight?mandibular?premolars?were?endodontically?treated.?The?specimens?were?randomly?assigned?into?two?groups?according?to?different?endodontic?sealers.?Group?A?used?Endofil?(eugenol-containing?endodontic?sealer),?and?group?B?used?AH-plus?(resin-containing?endodontic?sealer).?After?post?space?preparation,?each?group?was?randomly?assigned?into?three?subgroups?according?to?the?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation?(eight?premolars?in?each?subgroup).?Group?A1?and?B1:?0.9%NaCl?irrigation;?Group?A2?and?B2:?17%?ethylene?dia-mine?tetraacetic?acid?(EDTA)+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl?irrigation;?Group?A3?and?B3:?ultrasonic?agitation?associated?with?1 7%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl.?One?week?after?the?cementation?of?fiber?posts?using?RelyXTM?Unicem,?a?push-out?test?was?performed?to?measure?the?bond?strength?of?the?posts.?The?microstructure?of?the?root?canal?surface?was?examined?under?scanning?electron?microscope?(SEM).?Results???The?bond?strengths?of?the?six?groups?were?as?follows:?A1?(7.96±2.23)?MPa,?A2?(9.95±2.89)?MPa,?A3?(18.88±3.69)?MPa,?B1?(11.41±3.71)?MPa,?B2?(14.00±4.04)?MPa,?and?B3?(19.14±3.27)?MPa.?Statistical?analysis?revealed?a?significant?interaction?between?the?dif-ferent?endodontic?sealers?and?the?strategies?of?root?canal?irrigation?(P<0.05).?Lower?bond?strength?was?found?in?group?A1?but?not?in?group?B1?(P<0.05),?and?the?same?result?was?revealed?when?comparing?group?A2?and?B2.?No?significant?diffe-rence?was?observed?between?group?A3?and?B3?(P>0.05).?SEM?showed?that?the?root?canal?in?group?A3?and?B3?achieved?the?cleanest?surface?with?nearly?all?dentine?tubules?opened.?Conclusion???The?eugenol-containing?endodontic?sealer?can?impair?the?bond?strength?of?fiber?posts?compared?with?the?resin-containing?sealer?when?the?root?canal?is?irrigated?by?0.9%?NaCl?or?17%EDTA+5.25%NaClO+0.9%NaCl.?No?difference?was?observed?between?the?two?sealers?when?using?17%EDTA+5.25%?NaClO+0.9%NaCl?combined?with?ultrasonic?irrigation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetic polymorphisms of 12 X chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci in ethnic Hebei Han population using an Investigator Argus X-12 amplification kit.

METHODSDNA was extracted for 198 unrelated individuals (96 males and 102 females) and amplified with a fluorescence labeled multiplex PCR system. PCR products were separated and genotyped with capillary array electrophoresis.

RESULTSOnly DXS10103 and DXS10101 showed significant linkage disequilibrium at the 12 X-STR loci. One hundred and forty-eight alleles, including 22 off-ladder (OL) alleles, were observed at the 12 X-STR loci in the population. The heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.5074-0.9143 and 0.4377-0.9079, respectively. The power of discrimination (PD) was 0.5074-0.9143 in males and 0.6876-0.9863 in females. The mean exclusion chance was 0.4377-0.9079 in the trios cases and 0.2984-0.8373 in the duo cases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Investigator Argus X12 amplification system is highly polymorphic in ethnic Han population from Hebei and is useful for personal identification and paternity testing.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic