Since the 19th century, the emergence of model systems has helped researchers further understand cellular signaling pathways, identify potential drug targets, and conduct environmental toxicological studies. Exogenous chemicals, such as pollutants, drugs, and industrial chemicals, may affect brain biological processes and functions and eventually lead to neurological diseases. However, the brain is a complex and well-organized human organ, which is fundamentally different from any existing model system. Animal models may not be able to completely simulate the human brain in testing the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants due to species differences. Human brain organoids, generated from human pluripotent stem cells, are emerging model systems for neurotoxicological research in line with the real situation of human body at the level of genome, transcriptome, and metabolome, and provide an effective platform for testing neurotoxicity of environmental toxins. We reviewed the latest development of brain organoids technology and its application in the evaluation of environmental neurotoxins, and provided new insights into the application of brain organoids in environmental neurotoxicology.

Objective To explore the effect of a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory on subthreshold depression in breast cancer patients.Methods By convenience sampling method,74 patients with breast cancer subthreshold depression who received chemotherapy in the breast department of a tertiary hospital in Guangxi from July 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.According to the order of admission time,the patients admitted from February 2022 to August 2022 were taken as an experimental group,and the patients admitted from July 2021 to January 2022 were taken as a control group,with 37 cases in each group.On the basis of routine nursing,the experimental group implemented a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory.The control group received routine nursing,with every 21 days for 1 cycle and a total of 4 cycles of intervention.Before and after the intervention,the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17),Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS)and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results 34 patients in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group completed the study.After intervention,the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the 2 groups were lower than those before intervention(P＜0.05);the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.748,P＜0.001;t=8.150,P＜0.001).The BPNS scores of the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the BPNS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.534,P＜0.001).The scores of FACT-B in the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of FACT-B in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-4.579,P＜0.001).Conclusion The mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory can improve the subthreshold depression,self-determination and quality of life of breast cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules on joint function and gut microbiota in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:A single group pre- and post-experimental design was conducted, the patients with Kashin-Beck disease were selected as the subjects in Xunyi County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province; and treated with oral administration of compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules (12 g/bag, 1 bag/time, 3 times/day) for a period of 1 month. The improvement of joint function was evaluated using the joint dysfunction index scoring method before and after treatment. Morning stool samples of patients were collected and the changes in gut microbiota were analyzed before and after treatment using 16S rDNA sequencing technology.Results:A total of 87 patients with Kashin-Beck disease were included, including 44 males and 43 females; the age was (60.38 ± 7.12) years old, and the body mass index was (23.67 ± 3.59) kg/m 2. The comprehensive scores of joint dysfunction index for patients with Kashin-Beck disease before and after treatment were (7.27 ± 2.05) and (5.86 ± 2.01) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.88, P < 0.001). The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that there were statistically significant differences in the alpha diversity (chao1, observed species index) and beta diversity of gut microbiota in patients with Kashin-Beck disease before and after treatment ( Z = - 5.08, - 5.03, R = 0.09, P < 0.001). In the distribution of gut microbiota, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, with relative abundances of 50.21% and 52.09% before and after treatment, respectively; the Bifidobacterium was the dominant bacterial genus, with relative abundances of 16.83% and 18.81% before and after treatment, respectively. At the genus level, a total of 17 gut microbiota genera were screened out, among which the relative abundances of Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified, Acinetobacter, Pantoea, Leuconostoc, and Akkermanisia were significantly higher than before treatment ( Z = - 2.40, - 2.24, - 2.06, - 3.59, - 2.24, - 2.11, P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Dubosiella, Selenomonas, Anaeroplasma, Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group, Rikenella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, Lactobacillus, Prevotella-9, Phascolarctobacterium, and Desulfovibrio were significantly lower than before treatment ( Z = - 9.38, - 2.61, - 2.18, - 8.43, - 2.45, - 2.46, - 2.49, - 7.29, - 2.29, - 2.55, - 2.08, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules can effectively improve the joint function of patients with Kashin-Beck disease, and alter the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota community. It may reduce clinical symptoms in patients by regulating the structure of gut microbiota.

Cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) play an integral role in the heterogeneity, metastasis, and treatment resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to their high tumor initiation capacity and plasticity. Here, we identified a candidate gene named LIMP-2 as a novel therapeutic target regulating HNSCC progression and CSC properties. The high expression of LIMP-2 in HNSCC patients suggested a poor prognosis and potential immunotherapy resistance. Functionally, LIMP-2 can facilitate autolysosome formation to promote autophagic flux. LIMP-2 knockdown inhibits autophagic flux and reduces the tumorigenic ability of HNSCC. Further mechanistic studies suggest that enhanced autophagy helps HNSCC maintain stemness and promotes degradation of GSK3β, which in turn facilitates nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcription of downstream target genes. In conclusion, this study reveals LIMP-2 as a novel prospective therapeutic target for HNSCC and provides evidence for a link between autophagy, CSC, and immunotherapy resistance.
Humans ; Autophagy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology* ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins

As an emerging teaching method and medical treatment technology in the 21st century, virtual reality technology provides infinite possibilities for future education and treatment. This article reviews the general situation, application and research status of virtual reality technology in the field of clinical nursing, aiming to provide reference for nursing clinical staff and nursing researchers.

Objective: To discuss the correlation between growth status and eating behaviors in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), providing reference data for management and dietary behavior guidance among ADHD children. Methods: A total of 703 children aged 4-13 years old were collected from the ADHD patients from Children s Health Department of Children s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to September, 2019. The demographic characteristics and information regarding children’s eating behaviors were collected by self-designed questionnaire and Chinese version of the parent-completed Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire(CEBQ). The correlation physical growth with dietary behaviors among the ADHD children were analyzed. Results: Food avoidant behaviors, including satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating and emotional undereating in ADHD children with thinness scored significantly higher than that of children with short stature, overweight and obesity(F=17.57, 29.32, 4.07, P<0.01), while food approach behaviors, including food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, desire to drink and emotional overeating scored higher in obese children, compared to other three groups(F=24.54, 47.44, 2.96,5.85, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for the confounders, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating were still negatively associated with BMI-Z score of the ADHD children(B=-0.05, -0.07, P<0.01). Food responsiveness, enjoyment of food and emotional overeating had a positive association with the BMI-Z score(B=0.04, 0.09, 0.05, P<0.05). Conclusion Emotional eating and high food responsiveness in ADHD children are associated with the overweight and obesity, while long eating time and high satiety responsiveness is associated with underweight among ADHD children. For clinical doctors and parents, problematic eating behaviors among ADHD children should be concerned regarding its negative effects on growth and development, besides core symptoms of ADHD.

Objective:To carry out content analysis of clinical practice guideline recommendations related to physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer at home and abroad so as to provide a reference for formulating a standardized and personalized physical activity plan for survivors of colorectal cancer.Methods:Clinical practice guidelines related to physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer were retrieved in Chinese-English databases, guideline websites and professional society websites by computer from 1st, January 2009 to 1st, July 2019. Guideline recommendations were extracted, translated, classified and analyzed on content with the method of content analysis.Results:A total of 7 clinical practice guidelines were included and 26 recommendations on physical activity of survivors of colorectal cancer were extracted. A total of 8-item content on physical activity were analyzed including the safety and benefits of physical activity, assessment before physical activity, amount of physical activity, way of physical activity, intensity, frequency and duration of physical activity, attention of physical activity, contraindications of physical activity and incremental strategy of physical activity.Conclusions:There are many recommendations on the way, amount, frequency, intensity and attention of physical activity. There are inconsistencies between recommendation mentioned frequency and clinical importance, and consistencies between partial recommendations and domestic practice content, and the recom mendations are more diversified than domestic practice content. We should carry out localization for the high level of foreign guideline to explore the evidences suitable for physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer in China.

With the construction and development of head and neck tumor, diagnosis and treatment technology and survival rate of patients have been improved in different degrees. Nurses play an important role as managers and practitioners in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with head and neck tumors, and it is very important to evaluate and manage the treatment and prognosis of head and neck tumor patients scientifically. In this context, the American Cancer Society launched the Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline in 2017 and was endorsed by the American Society for Clinical Oncology. This paper mainly discusses the forming process of the guidelines, the main points of the consensus of experts, the guiding role of the guidelines in clinical work and the obstacles and limitations of the guidelines.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates in Dongguan Tungwah Hospital during 2016.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carded out for the clinical isolates collected from Dongguan Tungwah Hospital according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Result were analyzed according to CLSI 2016 breakpoints.Results Of the 3 482 clinical isolates,gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli accounted for 34.4％ (1 199/3 482) and 65.6％ (2 283/3 482),respectively.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was in 28.7％ (86/300) in S.aureus and 77.7％ (300/386) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.Overall,one E.faecium strain was identified as resistant to vancomycin by instrument method and confirmed by vancomycin E test.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 59.6％ (337/565) in E.coli and 29.8％ (115/386) in Klebsiella spp.(K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca).Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems.Overall,0.4％ and 0.2％ of the Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.About 38.3％ and 36.9％ of Acinetobacter strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is most important and valuable for understanding the changing resistant pattern in local hospital and rational selection of antimicrobial agents.More attention should be paid to surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to avoid the spread of drug resistant strains.

With the continuous development of health care, people's awareness of health care is gradually enhanced. Pain has become an important part of disease rehabilitation and nursing. The research and evidence of pain assessment and management are increasing year by year. As the most direct assessor and manager of patients' pain, it is particularly important for nurses to identify and effectively manage different types of pain as soon as possible. In this background, the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) released Clinical Best Practice Guidelines:Assessment and Management of Pain(Third Edition)in 2013. This article mainly introduces the development, application scope, methodology, main content, quality evaluation and subsidiary information of the guide.