Objective:To investigate the English learning efficacy and autonomous learning proficiency of postgraduates in universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), explore whether there is a correlation between English learning efficacy and autonomous learning ability, and to analyze the influence of English learning efficacy on autonomous learning ability.Methods:A questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the levels of English learning efficacy and English autonomous learning in two levels of belief and behavior among 207 postgraduates in TCM universities. Statistical methods such as independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal Wallis H-test were applied to analyze the data collected in the questionnaire survey. Results:The average score of subjects' English learning efficacy was 2.82 ± 0.60 (1 ≤ ≤ 5), and the average score of subjects' English autonomous learning ability was 3.24 ± 0.53 (1 ≤ ≤ 5). The scores of their autonomous English learning in the level of belief was significantly higher than those of the level of behavior ( t =14.10, P < 0.001). The scores of autonomous learning ability of subjects in Batch 2020 were significantly lower than those in Batch 2021 ( t = 2.64, P = 0.009). Linear correlation analysis showed that there was a moderately positive correlation between English learning efficacy and autonomous learning ability. Conclusion:The English learning efficacy of postgraduates in TCM universities is at the middle-low level and their English autonomous learning ability is at the middle level. Moreover, their English autonomous learning in the level of behavior underperforms the English autonomous learning in the level of belief, and the English autonomous learning ability decreases with the increase of the grades. In addition, the English learning efficacy has a moderate positive influence on autonomous English learning ability.