Objective: Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children s food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods: Database of nine types of aluminum containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results: The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.

Objective To analyze the anxiety and depression state in housebound elderly subjects and their influencing factors so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the psychological status of the elderly.Methods Three hundred and fifty elderly patients aged ＞ 60 years suffering from anxiety and depression in two communities of Beijing were clusterly sampled and analyzed.The basic information of housebound elderly subjects with anxiety and depression was recorded during questionnaire survey.The influencing factors for anxiety and depression were explored by using the anxiety self-assessment scale and depression self-rating scale.Results Based on univariable analysis,the factors influencing anxiety and depression of the housebound elderly included ageing,lower cultural level,low income,infrequency of offspring visit and friends meeting,lost spouse,chronic diseases,many medications,and the unsatisfactory living environment(all P ＜ 0.05).However,the participating of entertainment activity and religious beliefs were not influencing factors(all P ＞ 0.05).Logistic multivariate regression showed that women (OR =1.432,95％CI:1.236 1.684,P＜0.05),low income(OR =2.078,95％ CI:1.675 2.412,P＜0.05),the widowed(OR =2.342,95 ％ CI:1.857-2.769,P ＜ 0.05),chronic diseases (OR =2.078,95 ％ CI:1.674-2.531,P＜0.05),medication (OR =3.056,95 ％ CI:2.678 3.756,P ＜ 0.05),less visit by children (OR =2.898,95％CI:2.475 3.425,P＜0.05),less friends visiting(OR=1.965,95％CI:1.685-2.446,P＜0.05) were risk factors for anxiety in the elderly.Meanwhile,women (OR =3.221,95 ％ CI:2.674-3.853,P ＜ 0.05),low income (OR =2.342,95 ％ CI:1.768-2.754,P ＜ 0.05),chronic disease (OR =2.078,95 ％ CI:1.564 2.675,P＜0.05),the widowed(OR=2.223,95％CI:1.789 2.746,P＜0.05),less visit by children (OR=2.987,95％CI:2.463-3.524,P＜0.05),less friends visiting(OR=2.658,95％CI:2.242 3.168,P＜0.05) and poor satisfaction with surrounding environment(OR =1.765,95 ％ CI:1.375 2.371,P＜0.05) were risk factors for depression among the elderly.Conclusions The elderly,especially those with advanced age,low cultural level,low economic income,living alone and poor living environment,are more likely to have anxiety and depression.Therefore,some effective corresponding measures should be taken in order to improve the psychological condition and life quality of old people.

In view of the characteristics of the computerized system,the key points in the quality assurance (QA) of the computerized system was discussed and summarized combined with the requirements of the GLP laboratory in Europe and America.The validation of computerized system,the control during the use of computerized system,period maintenance and safety protection of computerized system,archives of electronic data was discussed,expecting to provide reference for the management of computerized system in Chinese GLP laboratory which is generally not high currently.The experiences were obtained as follow:Through repeated inspection and review,the problem was found and set as the risk point;a targeted QA inspection plan was made focusing on the risk-based inspection and the QA inspection plan was timely adjusted according to the problems,which ensures the pertinence and validity of the QA inspection.

Objective: To detect the expression of SIRT1 and Ac-FOXO1 in rats after endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise, and explicit the myocardial protective effect of SIRT1. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group(n=20), exhaustive exercise group (E group, n=20), exhaustive exercise group + endurance training (TE group, n=18), exhaustive exercise group + endurance training + selective SIRT1 inhibitor (TSE group, n=17). The Control and E groups were fed routinely for 5 weeks. The TE and TSE groups were subjected to swimming exercise for 5 weeks for endurance exercising. The TSE group was intraperitoneally injected with selective SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol(2 mg/kg) at 30 minutes before endurance exercising. The E, TE and TSE groups were subjected to exhaustive exercise. The myocardial tissues of rats were collected after exhaustive exercise. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and Ac-FOXO1. The myocardial protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was also detected by Western blot. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess the apoptosis of myocardial cells. Results: Compared with Control group, the SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression in the myocardial tissue was obviously decreased, while the Ac-FOXO1, Bax, and the myocardial cell apoptosis were significantly increased in E group (all P<0.01). Compared with E group, the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 was obviously up-regulated (both P<0.01), while the Ac-FOXO, Bax and the myocardial cell apoptosis was significantly reduced in TE group (all P<0.01). Compared with TE group, the SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression was obviously lower (both P<0.01), while Ac-FOXO1, Bax, and the cell apoptosis were significantly higher in group TSE (all P<0.01). Conclusion Endurance training could protect myocardium by reducing the myocardial oxidative stress injury and apoptosis via activating SIRT1 signaling pathway, up-regulating the myocardial expression of SIRT1 and regulating the deacetylation of FOXO1.

Aim To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning ( MPC ) on the expression of microR-NAs ( miRNAs ) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in H9c2 myocardial cells. Methods H9c2 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=4 each) as follows:control group ( CON) , hypoxia/ reoxygen-ation group ( H/R ) and morphine preconditioning group ( MPC+H/R) . The cells were cultured in nor-mal condition in CON group. The cells were subjected to 5 h hypoxia followed by 1 h reoxygenation in H/R group and MPC+H/R group. Specifically, the cells in MPC+H/R group were preconditioned with morphine with the final concentration of 1 μmol·L-1 for 10 min before H/R. After the treatment, CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and chemical colorimetry was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in the culture medium. Cell apoptosis was assessed by An-nexin-V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Relative expression of Fas protein was detected by Western blot. The ex-pression of miRNA in myocardial cells was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain re-action ( qRT-PCR ) . Results Compared with CON group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, while the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression were dramatically increased in group H/R (P<0. 01). However, MPC significantly increased the cell viability, whereas it decreased the LDH activity, apoptotic rate and Fas protein expression induced by H/R injury ( P < 0. 01 ) . The expressions of miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7 e-5 p were markedly down-regulated by H/R as compared to CON group ( P <0. 05 ) , while MPC inhibited these miRNAs which were significantly down-regulated by H/R group ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Morphine preconditioning might protect H9 c2 myocar-dial cells against H/R injury by regulating the expres-sion of miRNAs such as miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p, miR-6216 and let-7e-5p.

Objective To evaluate the role of microRNA-133b-Sp (miR-133b-Sp) in apoptosis hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced by in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods Rat myocardial cell line H9c2 was cultured in DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 96-well or 6-well plates and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=64 wells each):control group (group C);group H/R;miR-133b-5p mimic + H/R group (group M+H/R);miR-133b-Sp negative control + H/R group (group NC+H/R).The cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2for 5 h at 37 ℃ followed by 1 h reoxygenation in DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum in all the groups except group C.The cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere in group C.In M+H/R and NC+H/R groups,the cells were transfected with miR-133b-5p mimic (final concentration 30 nmol/L) and miR-133b-5p negative control (final concentration 30 nmol/L),respectively,for 24 h before H/R.Total RNA was extracted from cells to detect the expression of miR-133b-5p using quantitative real-time PCR.The cell viability (by CCK-8) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium were detected.Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry.Apoptotic rate was calculated.Result Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and the LDH activity and apoptotic rate were increased in H/R,M+H/R and NC+H/R groups,the expression of miR-133b-5p was down-regulated in H/R and NC+H/R groups,and the expression of miR-133b-Sp was up-regulated in group M+H/R.Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significanttly increased,the LDH activity and apoptotic rate were decreased,and the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulated in group M+H/R,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NC+H/R.Conclusion H/R in rat cardiomyocytes can induce cell apoptosis possibility through down-regulating the expression of miR-133b-5p

Objective To evaluate the effect of morphine preconditioning on the expression of miR-133b-Sp and Fas in rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by using Langendorff perfusion.The cells were seeded into 24-well plates or 60 mm diameter dishes and randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group H/R,and morphine preconditioning group (group MPC).The cells in group C were cultured in normal culture atmosphere.In H/R and MPC groups,the cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 90 min followed by 120 min reoxygenation.In group MPC,the cells were cultured for 10 min in serum-free DMEM liquid culture medium containing morphine 1 μmol/L,and then were cultured for 30 min in morphine-free DMEM liquid culture medium before hypoxia.At 120 min of reoxygenation,the cells in 24-well plates were selected to detect the cell viability (by MTT),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium,and cell apoptosis (by Hoechst 33234 staining).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Total RNA and protein were extracted from the cells in 60 mm dishes to detect the expression of miR-133b-5p and Fas mRNA (by quantitative real-time PCR) and Fas protein (by Western blot).Results Compared with C group,the cell viability was significantly decreased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were increased,the expression of miR-133b-Sp was down-regulated,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was up-regulated in H/R group.Compared with H/R group,the cell viability was significantly increased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were decreased,the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulatcd,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was down-regulated in MPC group.Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine preconditioning reduces H/R injury to rat cardiomyocytesis related to up-regulation of the expression of miR-133b-Sp and down-regulation of the expression of Fas.

Objective To investigate the effect of PPARγ in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and plaque stability. Methods We selected 102 patients with ACS, including 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ACS+T2DM group) and 50 patients with simply ACS (ACS group). Meanwhile, we selected 30 patients without coronary heart disease and T2DM as the control group. All basic clinic data, CAG and the Gensini score were compared among all groups. To all patients, blood was drew when they were enrolled to detect the level of PPARγ and MMP-9. Results Gensini points in the ACS+T2DM group was much higher than that of the ACS group (P < 0.05). The levels of PPARγ of the ACS group and the ACS+T2DM group, when compared with the control group, were decreased significantly, but the level of MMP-9 were increased (all P < 0.05). The level of PPARγ in the ACS+T2DM group was much lower than the ACS group, and the level of MMP-9 was much higher (P<0.05). Gensini scores (r=-0.416, P<0.05), the level of MMP-9(r= - 0.503, P < 0.05) were correlated negatively with the level of PPARγ. Conclusions Complicating with T2DM can aggravate coronary artery disease and plaque instability degree in ACS patients, and PPARγpossibly make an protective effect.

ObjectiveTo explore the related factors influencing effect of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) on activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients in.Methods202 stroke patients were randomly divided into the CBR group (n=103) and control group (n=99). The patients of the CBR group treated with rehabilitation and following-up including risk factors controlled with drug, rehabilitation, health education and mental treatment, those of the control group only treated by following-up. Before and five months after treatment, patients of two groups were assessed with Barthel Index (BI), clinical never function limitation score, cognitive item of Functional Comprehensive Assessment (FCA). Multielement regression analysis was applied, the ADL score of last assessment was taken as dependent variable, group information, location, smoking, sex, age, course of diseases, education, drinking, sleeping, the first scores of FCA and BI were taken as independent variable.ResultsThe improvement of ADL of stroke patients was related with group information, drinking, course of diseases, the first scores of FCA, BI, and etc.ConclusionEarly CBR can significantly improve the ADL of the stroke patients. Cognitive deficit also has influence on ADL.

AIM To observe the expression of inducible nitric ox ide synthase (iNOS) in the rats' hippocampus of kainic acid (KA) induced-seizur es and the effect of L-arginine(L-Arg) or L-nitroarginine(L- NNA) chronic intervention before KA. METHODS The expression of iN OS mRNA by RT-PCR and behaviour were observed after administration of convulsan t dose of KA (10 mg?kg -1 ) and pretreatment with NO predecessor (L-Ar g, 40 mg?kg -1 ) or a inhibitor of NOS(L-NNA, 50 mg?kg -1 ) befo re KA. RESULTS The time-dependent seizures were induced on rats after giving KA, and were improved and serious in the animals with L-NNA pr etreatment, but they were alleviated by L-Arg pretreatment before KA. Compa red with control, iNOS mRNA expression was feebly at KA 3 h, continuative improv ement accompanying KA time prolonged, and it was markedly enhanced at KA 24 h. I t couldn't be examined at KA 2 d or 3 d, and was obviously improved at KA 7 d a gain. iNOS mRNA appeared weak in the rats hippocampus with L-Arg pretreatme nt after KA 1 h, whereas it wasn't found in L-NNA pretreatment animals. CONCLUSION iNOS mRNA expression appeared in the hippocampus of seizu re rats at a few time after KA, and L-Arg chronic intervention before KA ha s a little effect on it.