Objective: To investigate the distribution of GP (B-A-B) hybrid glycophorins in several Chinese minority populations from southern regions of China (Guangdong & Guizhou). Methods: Whole blood samples were collected from 536 blood donors representing 15 different Chinese ethnic minority groups, including She, Bouyei, Yi and Miao, as well as Chuanqing populations. Genomic DNA was extracted and GYP (B-A-B) genotyping was conducted by high resolution melting (HRM) minority method using the GYPB pseudoexon 3-specific primers. Direct sequencing of GYPB pseudoexon 3 was performed in the samples with variant curves. Results: Only one genotype of GP (B-A-B) hybrid glycophorins (GYP Mur/GYPB) was identified among these 536 samples. In total, 15 She (15/162, 9.26%), 18 Bouyei (18/113, 15.93%), 3 Yi (3/79, 3.80%), 3 Chuanqing (3/45, 6.67%), 2 Bai (2/42, 4.76%), 3 Miao (3/40, 7.50%), 1 Shui (1/12, 8.33%), 2 Gelao (2/12, 16.67%), 1 Tujia (1/8, 12.50%) and 1 Dong (1/6, 16.67%) blood donors with heterozygous GYP Mur allele were identified. Among 8 Hui, 5 Manchu, 2 Mongolian, 1 Yao and 1 Li donors, no GYP (B-A-B) hybrid gene carrier was found. In addition, four nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 6 samples with a variant melting curve detected by HRM. Conclusion: GP. Mur is the most common type of GP (B-A-B) hybrid glycophorins among Chinese minority populations, with frequency varying across different populations. It is recommended to involve GP. Mur reagent cells in the antibody screening cells for populations with a high frequency of GYP Mur allele.

AIM:To investigate the challenges and needs of individual ophthalmologists participated in the training and their countries in the prevention and treatment of blindness and visual impairment, sum up the training effects, and discuss how to promote the development of eye health in the Belt and Road countries in the future.METHODS:A total of 48 ophthalmologists from 6 countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria, South Africa, Malawi, Botswana between August 1 and August 30, 2022, were trained and anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions covering three aspects: challenges and strategies related to vision impairment and blindness in the country, training satisfaction, and recommendations for establishing optometric centers in Africa.RESULTS: A total of 48 questionnaires were distributed and 47 valid questionnaires were collected. The ophthalmologists hold the view that the biggest challenge of their countries in prevention and treatment of ocular diseases was high nursing costs, accounting for 36.17%, the biggest challenge faced by ophthalmologists was low wages, accounting for 29.79%. Building more eye specialist hospitals(38.30%)and providing more training opportunities(65.96%)can effectively help the countries and the ophthalmologists. The organizational satisfaction with the training courses reached 98%, the content and the lecturers' satisfaction were 100%.CONCLUSION:There are urgent needs to build more ophthalmic hospitals and provide more professional training opportunities to solve the difficulties in the prevention and treatment of eye diseases of the countries and the ophthalmologists. This training program has high satisfaction and good feedback.

Objective:To investigate the association between the Doppler variables of the ophthalmic artery with the severity of preeclampsia(PE).Methods:Systematic literature was searched between January 1995 and March 2023 in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and the Cochrane Library.Studies comparing ophthalmic artery Doppler variables,including peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),resistive index(Rl),pulsa-tility index(PI),and peak ratio(PR,the ratio of the flow velocity of the second peak to that of the initial peak)in patients with PE,severe preeclampsia(sPE),and healthy pregnant women were included.The random-effects model was adopted as the method of pooled analysis,and the I2value was used to assess heterogeneity.The pooled standardized mean difference(SMD)with 95％confidence interval(CI)was used to estimate the associa-tion between ophthalmic artery Doppler variables and PE patient's characteristics.Results:Eight retrospective studies were eventually included in this Meta-analysis.Our pooled results suggested that compared with PE ca-ses,sPE patients had lower PI levels(SMD-0.56,95％CI-0.92～-0.20,P=0.000),higher EDV levels(SMD 0.47,95％CI 0.12～0.83,P=0.028)and higher PR levels(SMD0.96,95％CI 0.13～1.78,P=0.023).Howev-er,there was no significant difference between PE and sPE patients about the PSV and RI(P=0.361,P=0.626).Conclusions:This review demonstrates that ophthalmic artery Doppler variables(PI,EDV and PR)could be useful for predicting PE and PE development(especially in identifying sPE),which in turn may help the practitioner in the management of these complicated cases and in taking early necessary precautions.

Objective To elucidate the prediction ability of monocyte monolayer assay(MMA)used in hemolytic dis-ease of fetus and newborn(HDFN)caused by IgG anti-M.Methods Plasma from eight pregnant women containing IgG an-ti-M were collected,and were divided into two groups(4 cases with HDFN,with severe clinical symptoms such as fetal hy-drops,and 4 cases without HDFN)according to the clinical outcomes.M antigen positive cells were sensitized with dithioth-reitol(DTT)treated plasma from eight pregnant women respectively.MMA was performed by coincubation with monocytes and sensitized M cells,along with negative and positive control set up.T-test was conducted to compare the difference in phagocytic efficiency between two groups.Results The phagocytic efficiency in group with HDFN were 15.37%,13.05%,9.17%and 24.50%respectively,with the mean value of 15.52%,while the group without HDFN were 8.74%,11.07%,5.12%and 6.23%respectively,with the mean value of 7.79%.There was no significant difference in phagocytic efficiency between two groups(P>0.05).The mean values of both groups were not significantly different from the negative control(P>0.05),but both were significantly lower than positive control(P<0.05).Conclusion The low phagocytic efficiency couldn't convince that the MMA is an effective predictor for the HDFN caused by IgG anti-M,indicating that another mech-anism might be responsible for it rather than monocyte phagocytosis.The assessment of the peak systolic velocity in middle cerebral artery of the fetal should be considered in the management for pregnant women who produce IgG anti-M to estimate the situation of fetal anemia.

Superb microvascular imaging(SMI)is a new kind of Doppler technology,being sensitive for displaying low-velocity microvascular blood flow in muscles,tendons,synovium,nerves and reflecting microcirculation changes,able to provide imaging evidences for diagnosing musculoskeletal system diseases,monitoring processes and evaluating therapeutic effect.The research progresses of SMI applicated in musculoskeletal diseases were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the sleep disorders and its effects on the changes in quality of life in patients with liver cancer from the hospital admission to 6 months after surgery and to analyse the correlation between the sleep disorder and quality of life.Methods A total of 214 patients who underwent surgery for liver cancer for the first time were included in the study.Demographic questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary(FACT-Hep)were used for the investigation at admission and at 1,3 and 6 months after surgery.Multiple linear regression was employed to analyse the correlation between the sleep disorders at the admission and its effect on quality of life up to 6 months after surgery.Results Toally 214 patients finished the study at admission and 209 finished the study 1 month after surgery,and 208 finished the stuoly 3 months after surgery,and 205 patients finished the study 6 months after surgery.The scores of both of PSQI at admission and the quality of life at 6 months after surgery varied across the tested time points with a statistically significant difference(both P<0.001).The overall level of sleep disorder in the patients showed a characteristic pattern with initially increasing and then decreasing,and the quality of life presented a characteristic tendency of starting from high to low and then gradually increasing.It showed that the sleep disorder at admission was attributive to the poorer quality of life at 6 months after surgery.The hierarchical regression analysis showed that among the patients at BCLC Stage A,sleep disorder at admission was the influencing factor of the quality of life at 6 months after surgery.Conclusions The sleep disorder and quality of life in the patients who had surgical operations for hepatocellular carcinoma both changed dynamically from admission to the 6 months after surgery.The quality of life was poor in the patients with sleep disorder at admission.Therefore,medical staff should enhance the sleep management at admission,conduct dynamic assessment of the sleep disorder and quality of life of the patients,and then develop continuity nursing measures to improve the quality of life after surgery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effect and potential mechanism of breviscapine on hepatic fibrosis （HF） in rats based on the transforming growth factor-β（1 TGF-β1）/Smad2/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1（ERK1） and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1（Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） pathways. METHODS Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， breviscapine low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5.4， 10.8， 21.6 mg/kg）， and colchicine group （positive control， 0.45 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group， half male and half female. Except for the normal control group， HF model of the other groups was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Subsequently， each drug group was given corresponding medicine by gavage once a day for 28 days. The liver appearance of rats in each group was observed and their liver coefficients were calculated. The levels of alanineaminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）in serum， those of ALT， AST， superoxide dismutase （SOD），malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH- Px） in liver tissue were detected. The liver tissue inflammatory and fibrotic changes were observed. The protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1， Nrf2， Keap1 and HO-in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed large areas of white nodular lesions in the liver， obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition. The body weight， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly lowered in the model group （P＜0.05）； the liver coefficient， the percentage of Masson staining positive area， ALT and AST levels of serum and liver tissue， MDA level of liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1 and Keap1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the liver lesions of rats in each drug group were improved， and the above quantitative indexes were generally reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Breviscapine has a good intervention effect on HF rats， which may be related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/ERK1 pathway for anti-fibrosis and regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the correlation of triacylglycerol glucose(TyG)index,monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)with coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia degree in coronary heart disease(CHD),and to analyze the two Predictive value of coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia degree.Methods CHD patients from the 920th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the study group(n = 150),and healthy physical examination subjects from the same period were selected as the control group(n = 75).The TyG index and MHR of the two groups were compared and analyzed.The extent of coronary artery disease was evaluated based on the Gensini score,and the TyG index and MHR of patients with different coronary lesions and myocardial ischemia were compared,and their correlation with Gensini score and myocardial ischemia was analyzed.The predictive value of TyG index,MHR,and the combined detection of both for coronary lesions and myocardial ischemia was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and area under the curve(AUC).Results The TyG index and MHR of the study group were(4.12±0.35)and(0.26±0.08)×109,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(4.94±0.55)and(0.43±0.12)×109,and the TyG index and MHR of severe coronary artery disease>moderate coronary artery disease>mild coronary artery disease,acute myocardial infarction TyG index,MHR>unstable angina pectoris>stable angina pectoris(P<0.05);TyG index and MHR were positively correlated with Gensini score(r = 0.621,0.635,P<0.05),and positively correlated with the severity of myocardial ischemia(r = 0.617,0.642,P<0.05).The AUC of TyG index and MHR for the joint identification of mild coronary artery disease and moderate coronary artery disease was 0.917,which was greater than the AUCs of 0.749 and 0.832 for the two conditions individually.The AUC of TyG index and MHR for the joint identification of mild to moderate coronary artery disease and severe coronary artery disease was 0.935,which was greater than the AUCs of 0.770 and 0.767 for the two conditions individually(P<0.05).The AUC of TyG index and MHR for the joint identification of stable angina pectoris and unstable angina pectoris was 0.922,which was greater than the AUCs of 0.812 and 0.824 for the two conditions individually.The AUC of TyG index and MHR for the joint identification of stable angina pectoris,unstable angina pectoris,and acute myocardial infarction was 0.913,which was greater than the AUCs of 0.708 and 0.714 for the two conditions individually(P<0.05).Conclusions TyG index and MHR are positively correlated with Gensini score and myocardial ischemia degree.The combined detection of the two has a higher application value in the evaluation of coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia degree.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Shaoyao-Gancao decoction(SGD)on inflammation and mucosal barrier damage in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,high-dose(500 mg/kg),medium-dose(250 mg/kg)and low-dose(125 mg/kg)SGD groups,and balsalazide sodium(1 g/kg)group.All rats were pre-administered for 3 d,and on the 4th day of the experiment,they were fasted for 24 h.Except for the normal group,the rats in the other 5 groups were given enema mixed with TNBS(100 mg/kg)and 50％ethanol,and continued to be adminis-tered for 5 d after modeling.After modeling,the disease activity index(DAI)was evaluated.After the experiment,the levels of nitric oxide(NO)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in serum and colonic tissues of rats were determined.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to determine tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in the colon of rats.The expression of tight junction proteins zonu-la occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin 2 in rat colon tissues was determined by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the weight of rats in model group was decreased,the colon was shortened,DAI and colon tissue macroscopic scores were significantly increased(P<0.05),colon pathological injury was serious,and NO and MPO levels in serum and colon tissues of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The mRNA and pro-tein expression levels of TNF-α,COX-2,iNOS and NF-κB in colon tissues were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin 2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the body weight and colon shortening of rats in SGD groups were alleviated,DAI and macroscopic scores of colon tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pathological damage of colon was improved,and the levels of NO and MPO in se-rum and colon tissues of rats were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α,COX-2,iNOS and NF-κB in colon tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin 2 were significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Treatment with SGD effectively attenuates the inflam-matory response and intestinal mucosal barrier damage caused by TNBS-induced IBD in rats.