AIM: To analyze the current status, research hotspots, and development trends of international studies on ocular surface microbiota based on bibliometrics.METHODS: Leveraging the Web of Science database, we conducted a targeted literature search on ocular surface flora. The retrieved data were meticulously screened and weighted to enhance relevance. The bibliometric analysis delved into publication trends, authorship patterns, institutional collaborations, and pivotal research themes. Employing Cite Space software, we visually dissected the landscape of institutional and national partnerships, citation impact, keyword co-occurrences, keyword clustering dynamics, and the emergence of new research trends.RESULTS: A total of 3 884 publications were ultimately included, with an overall upward trend in the number of publications in the field of ocular surface microbiota from 2003 to 2023, with the most rapid growth occurring from 2019 to 2022. The top three regions/countries by publication volume are the United States(1 039 papers), China(570 papers), and India(302 papers). The top three authors by publication volume are Willcox Mark(48 papers), Sharma Savitri(33 papers), and Fleiszig Suzanne M.J(27 papers). The top three institutions by publication volume, all from the United States, are the University of California, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, and Harvard University. The citation network map of the literature includes 801 nodes and 1 508 connections, with the most frequently cited document being Temporal Stability and Composition of the Ocular Surface Microbiome. The top 5 keywords by frequency of occurrence are, in order, keratitis, bacterial flora, identification, inflammation, and endophthalmitis. The keyword clustering analysis yielded a total of 8 clusters, which are specifically reflected in three aspects: ocular-related diseases, the relationship between ocular surface microbiota and ocular surface structures, and detection methods for ocular surface microbiota. The keyword with the highest burst strength is ciprofloxacin. Keywords that have emerged in recent years and continue to the present include diversity, gut microbiome, and ocular surface microbiome.CONCLUSION: Currently, the study of ocular surface microflora is gaining momentum globally, with a particular focus on the diversity of microflora, the composition of the core microbiome, and its impact on ocular diseases. In the future, research should concentrate on elucidating the functional metabolism of the ocular surface microflora and further investigate the causality and mechanisms by which changes in the ocular surface microflora are related to diseases.

AIM: To investigate the correlation of serum interleukin-35(IL-35), immunoglobulin 4/immunoglobulin(IgG4/IgG), thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin(TSI)levels with the activity and severity of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:Prospective study. A total of 148 TAO patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the observation group. They were assigned into an active group(75 cases)and an inactive group(73 cases)based on their activity level, and were assigned into a severe group(95 cases)and a mild group(53 cases)based on the severity of their condition; another 148 healthy patients who underwent physical examinations were regarded as the control group. The levels of IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI in serum were compared between the two groups. The correlation between serum IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI levels and TAO activity and severity of illness were analyzed. A multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of TAO patients developing severe symptoms. ROC curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI levels for the development of severe TAO in patients.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the serum IL-35 level in the observation group was significantly lower, while IgG4/IgG and TSI levels were significantly higher(all P<0.01). Compared with non-active TAO patients, active TAO patients had significantly lower serum IL-35 level and significantly higher IgG4/IgG and TSI levels(all P<0.01). Compared with the mild TAO patients, severe TAO patients had significantly lower serum IL-35 level and significantly higher disease duration, IgG4/IgG, and TSI levels(all P<0.01). The serum IL-35 level was negatively correlated with TAO activity and disease severity(r=-0.529, -0.554, both P<0.01), while serum IgG4/IgG level was positively correlated with TAO activity and disease severity(r=0.625, 0.663, both P<0.01). Serum TSI levels were positively correlated with TAO activity and disease severity(r=0.594, 0.607, both P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI levels were all factors influencing the progression of TAO patients to severe disease(all P<0.01). The areas under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing the progression of TAO patients to severe disease using serum IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI levels were 0.868, 0.859, and 0.830, respectively. The combined AUC for the three markers was 0.955, significantly higher than that of each individual marker(Zthree factors combination-IL-35=2.893, Zthree factors combination-IL-35=3.510, Zthree factors combination-IL-35=4.157, P=0.004, <0.01, <0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum IL-35 level is significantly downregulated in TAO patients, while IgG4/IgG and TSI levels are significantly upregulated. The levels of IL-35, IgG4/IgG, and TSI are correlated with the activity and severity of TAO, and their combination has high diagnostic value for TAO developing into severe.

BACKGROUND:The traditional fixation method for femoral neck fractures is three hollow screws inverted triangle fixation,and the optimal fixation method for femoral neck fractures that have not achieved anatomical reduction is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical properties of cannulated screws internal fixation for sub-capitated femoral neck fracture with different reduction qualities based on finite element analysis. METHODS:The three-dimensional digital model was reconstructed using CT data of the proximal femur from a healthy male volunteer.The femur was modeled to sub-capitated femoral neck fractures.Fracture models were divided into anatomical reduction group,coxa vara group,and coxa valgus group.All fracture model groups were transferred using the standard group,screw depression group,and screw elevation group.A vertical downward stress of 1 400 N was applied to the femoral head at the top of the acetabulum.The displacement and stress distribution of the femur and internal fixator under different fixation methods were observed,and the maximum stress and displacement of the femur and fixator were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)For anatomical reduction femoral neck fracture,the peak stress of fixation in the standard group,screw depression group and screw elevation group was 41.35,31.27 and 43.32 MPa,respectively.The maximum peak stress of the femur was found on the screw elevation group(28.58 MPa),and the standard group had the maximum peak displacement.(2)During hip varus,the stresses in the three subgroups were relatively dispersed and even.The peak stress of the femur in the standard group was the smallest,but the peak displacement was the largest.The stability of fixation might be poor.The peak displacement of the femur in the screw depression group was the smallest.(3)In the hip valgus,obvious screw stress concentration appeared in the screw depression group,and the peak displacement was the largest among the three subgroups,and an in-out-in phenomenon appeared.The peak stress of the screws in the screw elevation group was the largest among the three subgroups,but the peak displacement was the smallest.(4)It is concluded that for sub-capitated femoral neck fractures that are completely anatomically reduced,it is recommended to use standard inverted triangular nails for fixation.When the hip varus and hip valgus occur within the allowable range of the reduction standard,it is recommended to use the inverted triangle screw to fix it by rotating the corresponding angle in the same direction as the hip varus or valgus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, and the correlation between their expression with the clinical characteristics of NPC and the relativity of HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha gene in NPC tissues. METHOD: HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha were detected with Super-Vision immunohistochemical method using antibody in 49 NPC specimens and 30 specimens with chronic nasopharyngitis tissue (CNT). RESULT: The expression of HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha in NPC tissue were significantly higher than those in CNT tissue (P<0.05, separately). The expression of HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha were significantly related to the TNM stage and whether recurrence or metastasis occur after treatment (P<0.05, separate ly), but there was no obvious correlation between its expression and the sex of NPC patient (P>0.05). The expression of HIF-1alpha was significantly related to the age of NPC patient (P<0.05), while HPA, CK2beta were not. The expression of HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha in NPC tissue was positively correlated with each other (P<0.05, separately). CONCLUSION HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha play synergetic role in development of NPC, which plays an important role in invasiveness,recurrence and metastasis of NPC. There could be a positive cooperation among HPA, CK2beta and HIF-1alpha in the carcinogenesis and development of NPC.
Carcinoma ; Casein Kinase II ; metabolism ; Female ; Heparin Lyase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of serious adult airway obstruction. METHOD: Eighty six adult cases admitted to our hospital for serious airway obstruction from 1995 to 2006, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Among the 86 cases, 34 cases (39.5%) had inflammatory diseases, 32 cases (37.2%) had neoplastic diseases and 9 cases (10.5%) had traumatic diseases. In addition, 3 cases of laryngeal spasm, 6 cases of laryngeal stricture, 2 cases of bilateral laryngeal paralysis and 1 case of asphyxia with aspiration were also include in this study. The patients who had laryngeal or tracheal obstruction were 60 cases (69.8%) and 13 cases (15.1%). In addition, 46 cases (53.5%) and 4 cases (4.7%) had tracheotomy or endotracheal intubation. Twenty six cases were only adopted medical treatment to relieve dyspnea. The final diagnosis of the 86 cases was made and the serious airway obstruction was was relieved within 2 hours. While 14 cases (16.3%) had serious complications and 6 cases (6.9%) had operative complications occurred. One cases (0.2%) died. CONCLUSION The causes of serious adult airway obstruction could be complicated, the site and character of obstruction would change constantly. Quick diagnosis, timely removal of the obstruction should be critical factors to improve curative effect.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Airway Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operative methods of invasive head and neck neoplasms involving skull base. METHOD: Thirty-two cases with invasive head and neck neoplasms involving anterior and lateral skull base, from 1997 to 2005, were treated with surgical resection. Nine surgical approaches including endoscopic transnasal approach for five cases, combined craniofacial approach for three cases, maxillary resection approach for 15 cases, transpalatal approach for one case, transmandibular approach for one case, lateral neck-mandibular incision approach for two cases, combined retroauricular and neck approach for one case, frontotemporal approach for two cases, and facial translocation approach for two cases were used to resect the tumors. RESULT: Four cases with nasal sinus mucocele were only applied drainage and one case with chordoma was subtotally resected. The tumors of the rest 27 cases were totally removed. Although one case complicated with cerebrospinal fluid leak and recovered within one week, no one died from the operation and no serious cranium-cerebrum complication occurred. Eight cases with benign tumor were followed up for six months to eight years without recurrence and no one died. For 24 cases with malignant tumor, survival rates of three and five years were 63.2% (12/19), 41.7% (5/12) respectively. CONCLUSION Surgical approach must be designed according to the pathological change's characters, site and invasive range. Favorable curative effect could be achieved by resecting tumors totally as possible, protecting important constitutions, and adopting proper reparative techniques.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skull Base ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult