Objective To investigate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on high glucose-induced pyroptosis and invasive migration of human chorionic trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo).Methods HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into 4 groups:control group(untreated),high glucose group(high glucose stimulation)and astragaloside Ⅳ 50 and 100 μmol/L group(high glucose stimulation + astragaloside).Cell activity was detected by Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8),cell invasion and migration abilities were determined by Transwell assay and scratch assay,respectively,cell pyroptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide(PI)dual fluorescence staining.The protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain(NLRP3),cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT,and IL-18 were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the control group,HTR-8/SVneo cell viability was significantly reduced in the high glucose group,the rate of cell migration was significantly reduced,the number of invasive cells was significantly reduced,the percentage of PI-positive cells was significantly increased,and the levels of NLRP3,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT and IL-18 protein expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with the high glucose group,cell viability was significantly higher in the astragaloside Ⅳ treated group,the rate of cell migration was significantly increased,the number of invasive cells was significantly increased,the percentage of PI-positive cells was significantly decreased,and the protein expressions of number of NLRP3,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT,IL-18 were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion AstragalosideⅣcan inhibit high glucose-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell pyrolysis and improve cell invasion and migration ability.

The prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing year by year， and has become a health issue of close concern to the whole society. Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） receptor agonist （GLP-1RA）， as a new class of glucose-lowering drugs， is now widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） because of its significant glucose-lowering efficacy and low risk of hypoglycemia. As the level of evidence for its effects on improving cardiovascular system and renal protection and reducing body mass continues to improve， its status in the treatment guidelines for T2DM is gradually increasing. Currently， nine GLP-1RA drugs have been approved for the clinical treatment of T2DM in China. Although all of these drugs exert hypoglycemic effects based on the activation of GLP-1 receptors in the body， the differences in their own structures and natural GLP-1 amino acid homology lead to large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy among different analogs. In order to enable clinicians and pharmacists to have a full understanding of the characteristics and clinical evidence of these analogs and to better perform their therapeutic effects， Liaoning Provincial Pharmaceutical Society organized clinical medicine and pharmacy experts to develop a medication guide for nine GLP-1RA drugs to provide a reference for clinical medication needs and promote rational and standardized use by compiling and summarizing the pharmacological characteristics， clinical applications， adverse reactions， interactions， the medications in special populations and medication management.

Objective: To investigate the poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in children in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 8 385 hospitalized children from January 2016 to December 2020 were extracted from the FUTang Updating Medical Records database. These children aged 0 to 18 years and were admitted due to poisoning. They were grouped according to age (newborns and infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents), place of residence (Northeast China, North China, Central China, East China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China), and mode of discharge (discharge under medical advice, transfer to another hospital under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, death, other). The poisonous substance and causes of poisoning in different groups were analyzed. Results: Among these 8 385 children, 4 734 (56.5%) were male and 3 651 (43.5%) female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3∶1. The age was 3 (2, 7) years. The prevalence of poisoning was 51.8% (4 343/8 385) in toddlers, 16.5% (1 380/8 385) in adolescents, 14.8% (1 242/8 385) in preschoolers, 14.4% (1 206/8 385) in school-age children, and 2.5% (214/8 385) in newborns and infants. Drug poisoning accounted for 43.5% (3 649/8 385) and pesticide accounted for 26.8% (2 249/8 385). Drug poisoning was more common in adolescents (684/1 380, 49.6%) and toddlers (2 041/4 343, 47.0%); non-drug poisoning was more common in school-age children (891/1 206, 73.9%), of which carbon monoxide was mainly in newborns and infants (41/214, 19.2%) and food poisoning in children of school age (241/1 206, 20.0%). Regarding regional characteristics, drug poisoning was more frequent in South China (188/246, 64.2%) and non-drug poisoning was more frequent in Southwest China (815/1 123, 72.5%). For drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, sedative-hypnotic drugs and anti-Parkinson's disease drugs had a higher proportion of poisoning in North China (138/1 034, 13.0%) than that in other regions. For non-drug poisoning, pesticides (375/1 123, 33.3%), food poisoning (209/1 123, 18.6%) and contact with poisonous animals (86/1 123, 7.7%) were more common in Southwest China than in other regions; carbon monoxide poisoning was more common in North China (81/1 034, 7.6%) and Northwest China (65/1 064, 6.3%). In Central China, poisoning happened more in toddlers (792/1 295, 61.2%) and less in adolescents (115/1 295, 8.8%) than in other regions. Regarding different age groups, poisoning in adolescent happened more in Northeast China (121/457, 26.5%), North China (240/1 034, 23.2%), and Northwest China (245/1 064, 23.0%). The rate of discharge under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, and mortality rate within the 5 years were 77.0% (6 458/8 385), 20.8% (1 743/8 385), 0.5% (40/8 385), respectively. Conclusions: Poisoning is more common in male and toddlers. Poisonous substances show a regional characteristic and vary in different age groups, with drugs and insecticides as the most common substances.
Infant ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Child ; Male ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Child, Hospitalized ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology* ; Pesticides ; Foodborne Diseases ; Hospitals ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; China/epidemiology*

Objective To predict the pigmentation phenotypes of Chinese populations from different language families, analyze the differences and provide reference data for forensic anthropology and genetics. Methods The HIrisPlex-S multiplex amplification system with 41 loci related to pigmentation phenotypes was constructed in the laboratory, and 2 666 DNA samples of adult males of 17 populations from six language families, including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai and Austro-Asiatic language families distributed in different regions of China were genotyped. The pigmentation phenotype category of each individual was predicted using the online prediction system （https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/）, and then the output data were statistically analyzed. Results About 1.92% of the individuals of Asian-European admixed populations from Indo-European and Altaic language families had blue eyes and 34.29% had brown or gold hair. The phenotypes of the color of eyes and hair of other populations had no significant difference, all individuals had brown eyes and black hair. There were differences in skin color of populations of different language families and geographical areas. The Indo-European language family had the lightest skin color, and the Austro-Asiatic language family had the darkest skin color; the southwestern minority populations had a darker skin color than populations in the plain areas. Conclusion The prediction results of pigmentation phenotype of Chinese populations are consistent with the perception of the appearance of each population, proving the reliability of the system. The color of eyes and hair are mainly related to ancestral components, while the skin color shows the differences between language families, and is closely related to geographical distribution of populations.
Adult ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Eye Color/genetics* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skin Pigmentation/genetics*

Objective To study the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),positron emission computed tomography (PET)and PET/MRI coregistration in intractable epilepsy of children.Methods A retrospec-tively analysis was performed based on the surgery data at the Department of Children Epilepsy Center of Peking Univer-sity First Hospital from September 2015 to March 2016.The clinical data,surgery and follow－up study data,interictal and ictal electroencephalogram,MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration data were collected.By comparison with the epi-leptogenic zone designed by pre－surgical workup,the accuracy of MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration in detecting lesion was assessed.In the patients who had no seizure during≥1 year follow－up,their sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration were calculated.Results (1)A total of 62 patients underwent surgery,30 boys and 32 girls. The average age on epilepsy onset was 2. 50 years (2 days－11.70 years),and average age on surgery was 5.10 years old(0.75－15.60 years old).(2)Surgical treat-ment of 62 cases included the resection of the focal or lobar (32 cases,51.6%),and the multilobar (16 cases, 25. 8%).Hemispherotomy was done in 14 cases (22.6%).During ≥1 year follow－up,seizure outcome was Engel class Ⅰ in 57 cases (91.9%)out of the 62 patients,Engel classⅡto Engel classⅣin 1 case,3 cases,and 1 case, respectively.(3)Referred to epileptogenic zone designed by presurgical workup,MRI represented 64.5%(40/62 ca-ses)results with accordance,PET and PET/MRI coregistration was 72.5%(45/62 cases)and 85.5%(53/62 cases), respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2＝7.25,P＝0.03).(4)Based on the patients of Engel class Ⅰ, their sensitivity and specificity were 66.7%,60.0% in MRI,75.4%,60.0% in PET %,and 85.9%,80.0% in PET/MRI coregistration,respectively.(5)There were 11 ＂non－lesion＂ cases of all focal cortical dysplasia in patholo-gy,and subtle structural abnormalities were de tected in 9 cases by reviewing MRI.Conclusions PET/MRI coregistra-tion can improve lesion detection of intractable epilepsy in children.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of fire-needle therapy in treating deglutition disorders due to pseudobulbar palsy in the remission stage of stroke.Methods:Sixty-two eligible subjects were divided into a fire-needle group and a rehabilitation group by a simple randomization method at a ratio of 1:1.The two groups received same basic intervention;in addition,the fire-needle group received fire-needle treatment,while the rehabilitation group received rehabilitation training.The two groups of subjects all received a 3-week treatment and were evaluated by the dysphagia severity rating scale (DSRS),modified Mann assessment of swallow ability (MMASA) and Kubota Toshio swallow test (KTST) before and after the intervention.The complications and adverse events occurred during the trial were recorded.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:At the third week,the DSRS,MMASA and KTST scores changed significantly compared with the baseline in both groups (P＜0.05),and the changes in the fire-needle group were more significant than those in the rehabilitation group (P＜0.05).The between-group comparison at the third week showed that the therapeutic efficacy in the fire-needle group was superior to that in the rehabilitation group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Fire-needle therapy can obviously change the DSRS,MMASA and KTST scores in pseudobulbar palsy in the remission stage of stroke,and significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment of deglutition disorders in this stage.

Xanthium strumarium is a common Chinese medicine used for the treatment of "Bi Yuan",it mainly contains water-soluble glycosides,sesquiterpene lactones,essential oils,fatty oils,phenolic acids and other compounds,its pharmacology contains hypoglycemic,antianaphylaxis,anti-microbial,anti-inflammatory,analgesia and anti-tumor.This article summarized the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Xanthium strumarium in order to provide reference for later study.

Angiofibroma ; pathology ; Humans ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and its related factors in the progression of nonalcoholi steatohepatitis (NASH) by investigating the alterations of lipid metabolism and liver histopathology as well as the changes of mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and its related factors in rats during NASH progression.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group, which were administrated with high fat diet to establish nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model. The rats from both groups were randomly killed at the end of 4, 12 weeks respectively. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in the serum and liver tissue; Changes in fat deposition in liver tissue were determined by oil red O staining. HE staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue and to calculate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (hepatic steatosis, inflammation and ballooning degeneration of liver cells). The expression of Nrf2 in liver was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and related factors in liver were determined by Realtime PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 4 weeks of high fat diet, the levels of ALT, AST, TC in rat serum and TC, TG, LDL-C in liver were significantly increased compared with that of the normal group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of high fat diet, the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG in serum and TC, TG, LDL- C in liver increased further (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Until the 12th week, the content of HDL-C in liver was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). At the end of the 4th or the 12th week, lipid droplets in the model rat liver cells were heavily dyed red and hepatic steatosis increased severely, with ballooning degeneration of liver cells. With the extension of high fat diet feeding time, fat deposition in the liver tissue, hepatic steatosis, NAFLD score, Nrl2 expression were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Expression levels of mRNA and protein of Nrf2, heme oxyenase 1(HO1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthethase (γ-GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the model rats increased or decreased at the end of the 4th or the 12th week differentially, (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) with the more significant changes at the end of the 4th week than the 12th week.

CONCLUSIONNrf2 and its related factors may be involved in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which may play an important role in the process of NASH formation.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dipeptides ; metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of angiotensin (1-7) on hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis using a rat model of hepatic fibrosis.

METHODSEighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups for sham operation (untreated/uninduced control group), bile duct ligation (BDL) (untreated model group), or BDL with angiotensin (1-7) treatment (treated model group). Histological analysis was used to assess the liver fibrosis score, by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the level of fibrosis, by Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression of the angiogenesis markers vWF, VEGFA, and CD31.

RESULTSCompared with the untreated/uninduced control group, the untreated BDL model group showed remarkably higher fibrosis score, area of the type I collagen expression, and expression levels of vWF, VEGFA, and CD31. However, the angiotensin (1-7)-treatment protected against the BLD-related changes, as evidenced by decreased robustness and down-regulation of the corresponding indicators. Moreover, the expression level of VEGFA was highly correlated to the expression level of vWF (r = 0.956, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONBDL-induced hepatic fibrosis is accompanied by significant increases in angiogenesis-related factors, but angiotensin (1-7) treatment may inhibit hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis during the liver fibrosis process.

Angiotensin I ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bile Ducts ; surgery ; Hepatic Veins ; pathology ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism