Objective: To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding drinking water among primary school students in rural areas of China, so as to provide scientific basis for implementing health interventions related to drinking water. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 6 354 fourth to sixth grade primary school students in Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Gansu for a questionnaire survey. A uniformly designed questionnaire (including basic information, drinking water-related knowledge, attitudes and practices indicators) was distributed and completed by the students themselves. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences in drinking water-related indicators among students of different gender and boarder, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water practices among students. Results: Among the indicators of drinking water knowledge, the awareness rate of appropriate daily water intake for respective student age groups was the lowest (27.90%). The awareness rate among nonresident students was significantly higher than that among boarding students (31.29%, 15.49%, χ 2=132.75, P <0.01). Regarding attitudes toward drinking water, 13.33% of the students believed that well water or tap water could be drunk directly, and 9.58% believed that going to the toilet at school was troublesome. Regarding practices, the self-reported water intake among students was 1 000 (600, 1 200) mL. The results of multifactorial Logistic regression showed that higher grades ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.34-1.92), nonresident students ( OR=1.32, 95%CI = 1.15 -1.52), northern region ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.27-1.61), knowledge of appropriate daily water intake ( OR=1.41, 95%CI =1.24-1.60), drinking temperature ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.28-1.60), scientific hydration methods ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.08- 1.44 ), and adopting scientific hydration methods regularly ( OR=1.75, 95%CI =1.50-2.04) were the independent influences on daily water intake attainment ( P <0.05). Conclusions Rural primary school students lack knowledge about healthy drinking water, have cognitive biases about safe drinking water and exhibit unhealthy drinking behavior. It is suggested that health education be carried out in combination with the characteristics of students to enhance their drinking water literacy.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays an important role in various diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora dysregulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) on erectile function. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal diet (ND) and HFD groups. After 24 weeks, a measurement of erectile function was performed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. Then, we established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat models by transplanting fecal microbiota from rats of ND group and HFD group to two new groups of rats respectively. After 24 weeks, erectile function of the rats was evaluated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, and serum samples were collected for the untargeted metabolomics detection. Results: The erectile function of rats and the species diversity of intestinal microbiota in the HFD group was significantly lower, and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were also significantly different between the two groups. The erectile function of rats in the HFD-FMT group was significantly lower than that of rats in the ND-FMT group. The characteristics of the intestinal microbiota community structure were significantly different. In the HFD-FMT group, 27 metabolites were significantly different and they were mainly involved in the several inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions Intestinal microbiota disorders induced by HFD can damage the intestinal barrier of rats, change the serum metabolic profile, induce low-grade inflammation and apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and lead to ED.

BackgroundAs a high prevalence disorder， schizophrenia has caused significant burden to family and society due to the impairment of occupational and social function. Currently， the dominant vocational training model in China follows a paternalistic， clinician-led decision-making approach. Although it improves patients' social function to some extent， it undermines their autonomy and treatment adherence. Therefore， it is urgently necessary to explore a new intervention method to enhance treatment compliance and social function in patients. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of shared decision-making oriented vocational training on social function in hospitalized schizophrenia patients， so as to provide references for rehabilitation interventions. MethodsA total of 68 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） criteria were consecutively enrolled from January to June 2024 at The Third People's Hospital of Wenjiang Distric， Chengdu. Participants were randomly allocated into the research group （n=34） and the control group （n=34） using a random number table method. Both groups received routine rehabilitation training， while the research group received shared decision-making oriented vocational training for 12 weeks， 2 times a week for 2 hours each time. Before and at the 4^th and 12^th week of intervention， two groups were evaluated by General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）， Stigma Scale for Mental Illness （SSMI）， Scale of Social function of Psychosis Inpatients （SSFPI） and Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Outcome Scale （IPROS）. ResultsA total of 63 participants completed the study， with 30 cases in the research group and 33 cases in the control group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant time effects and interaction effects in both groups for GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores （F=20.451， 16.022； 26.193， 12.944； 23.957， 5.023； 11.776， 3.985， P<0.05 or 0.01）， while no significant group effects were observed （F=0.188， 0.742， 1.878， 0.474， P>0.05）. At the 12^th week of intervention， there were statistically significant differences in GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores between the two groups. ConclusionShared decision-making oriented vocational training may help to improve social function in patients with schizophrenia. ［Funded by 2023 Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2023468）］

Objective    To analyze a new classification of the left apicoposterior segmental bronchus and summarize its clinical significance. Methods     We accessed the computed tomography imaging data of the inpatients treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January and November 2021. We observed and classified the branching pattern of the left apicoposterior segmental bronchus (B1+2) using three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) technique. And we filtered out the patients who underwent thoracoscopic left apicoposterior segmentectomy and analyzed their clinical data retrospectively to summarize the instructing significance of different bronchial classification in the accurate and safe operation of left apicoposterior segmentectomy. Results     Finally 240 patients were collected, including 131 males and 109 females with a median age of 51.0 (19.0-77.0) years. The anatomical pattern of the left apicoposterior segmental bronchus was divided into four main types based on the branching pattern of the outer subsegmental bronchi (B1+2c): type Ⅰ 10% (24 patients), type Ⅱ 54% (130 patients) , type Ⅲ 17% (40 patients) , type Ⅳ 18% (43 patients) and other variations 1% (3 patients). Thirty-two patients smoothly underwent thoracoscopic left apicoposterior segmentectomy, including 23 patients of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ receiving LS1+2 resection, the other 9 patients of type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ receiving LS1+2 resection (3 patients), LS1+2c resection (4 patients) and LS1+2(a+b) resection (2 patients). Conclusion     This new classification systematically and concisely elucidates the branching characteristics of the left apicoposterior bronchus. Different branching types are instructive to the left apicoposterior segmentectomy.

AIM To explore the mechanism of Yiqi Wenyang Huwei Decoction on airway inflammation improvement of rats with bronchial asthma based on IL-25/NF-κB signaling pathway.METHODS 60 rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.2 mg/mL),the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose Yiqi Wenyang Huwei Decoction groups(1,2,4 g/mL),with 10 rats in each group.Intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA)and aluminum hydroxide suspension was applied to establish the rat asthma model,followed by 2-week corresponding dosing of the drugs.The rats of each group had their daily diet,mental status,hair growth and respiration observed;their differential count of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)detected by automatic hematology analyzer;their pathological changes of lung tissue observed by HE staining;their pulmonary IL-25 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC);their levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF measured by ELISA;their pulmonary expression of IL-25 and TRAF6 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR;and their pulmonary protein expressions of IL-25,TRAF6,IκBα,p-IκBα,NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group displayed severe damage of the lung tissue and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells;increased number of inflammatory cells and levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF(P<0.01);increased mRNA expressions of IL-25 and TRAF6,and pulmonary protein expressions of IL-25,TRAF6,p-IκBα/IκBα and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,all of the Yiqi Wenyang Huwei Decoction groups shared improved pulmonary infiltration of inflammatory cells;decreased number of inflammatory cells and levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF(P<0.05,P<0.01);and decreased mRNA expressions of IL-25 and TRAF6,and pulmonary protein expressions of IL-25,TRAF6,p-IκBα/IκBα and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Yiqi Wenyang Huwei Decoction can inhibit the airway inflammation in the rat model of bronchial asthma,which may be related to the inhibited activation of IL-25/NF-κB signaling pathway and the reduced expression of inflammatory factors.

BACKGROUND:Acupotomy is effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis,but its mechanism is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of acupotomy on the apoptosis of knee chondrocytes in knee osteoarthritis rats based on osteoclast associated receptor(OSCAR)-tumor necrosis factor-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)-osteoprotetin(OPG)pathway. METHODS:Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group(n=9),model group(n=9)and acupotomy group(n=9).Rats in the normal group were routinely housed without any treatment.Animal models of knee osteoarthritis were established by knee injection of papain.Acupotomy intervention was performed 1 week after modeling,once a week for a total of three times.Relevant tests were performed at the end of the intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Lequesne MG behavioral scores of rats in the model group were elevated compared with the normal group(P<0.01),while the Lequesne MG behavioral scores of rats in the acupotomy group were decreased comparedwith the model group(P<0.01).Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the normal group,the cartilage surface of the rat's knee joints in the model group was worn and uneven and the chondrocytes were swollen,ruptured,reduced in number,and arranged disorderly;while the cartilage surface of the rat's knee joints in the acupotomy group was relatively smooth,and the chondrocytes were high in number and arranged in an orderly manner,with the structure basically clear.Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the normal group,the positive expressions of OSCAR and TRAIL were increased in the model group(P<0.01),while the positive expression of OPG was decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the positive expressions of OSCAR and TRAIL in the acupotomy group were decreased(P<0.01),while the positive expression of OPG was increased(P<0.01).TUNEL staining results showed that compared with the normal group,the number of apoptotic cells in the model group were increased(P<0.01);compared with the model group,the number of apoptotic cells in the acupotomy group decreased(P<0.01).RT-qRCR and western blot results showed that compared with the normal group,the protein expressions of OSCAR,TRAIL and Bax in the model group were increased(P<0.01),and the protein expressions of OPG and Bcl-2 were decreased(P<0.01);compared with the model group,the protein expressions of OSCAR,TRAIL,and Bax in the acupotomy group were decreased(P<0.01),and the protein expressions of OPG and Bcl-2 were increased(P<0.01).To conclude,acupotomy can reduce cartilage injury of the knee joint in rats with knee osteoarthritis,which may be related to the blockage of mitochondrial pathway apoptotic signaling release by the OSCAR-TRAIL-OPG pathway.