AIM: To investigate the changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness(pCT)within 1a of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A prospective cohort study. A total of 31 patients with APACG who admitted to the ophthalmology department of Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from October 2015 to September 2019 were selected, with 31 eyes in attack group, 31 fellow eyes in preclinical group and 30 cases(30 eyes)in control group. pCT of the three groups was measured respectively at the attack period, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.RESULTS: The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that in the attack period when at 1wk after surgery, and continued to become thinner within the following 1a(P<0.05). The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that of the other two groups during the attack period and at 1wk after surgery, while it became thinner at 1a(P<0.05). In the attack group, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension and negatively correlated with the anterior chamber depth(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: For patients with first episode of APACG, pCT was diffusely thickened during attack and at 1wk after surgery. The pCT returned to normal at 1mo, while it became thinner at 1a. Furthermore, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension, and the choroidal thickness may play an important role in the attack of APACG.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of common δβ-thalassemia/hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin(HPFH) in the prepregnant population in Huadu, and to provide a laboratory basis for prevention and control of thalassemia. METHODS: Blood samples of childbearing age people in Huadu District of Guangzhou who participated in free thalassemia testing from January 2016 to July 2021 were collected for hematological parameters analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Chinese ^Gγ⁺(^Aγδβ)⁰-thalassemia, ^SEA-HPFH and Taiwanese deletion β-thalassemia were detected by Gap-PCR in the samples with higher HbF(≥5%). Primers were designed for the proximal HBG1 and HBG2 promoter, and the point mutations in the proximal promoter region were detected by Sanger sequencing. Hematology parameters data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among 27 088 samples, Thirteen cases of Chinese ^Gγ⁺(^Aγδβ)⁰-thalassemia and thirty-three cases of ^SEA-HPFH were detected, which including 3 cases of Chinese ^Gγ⁺(^Aγδβ)⁰/β^N compounded with --^SEA/αα and three cases of ^SEA-HPFH/β^N compounded with --^SEA/αα. 6 carriers with ^Aγ-196 C>T were also detected; No Taiwanese thalassemia genetype was detected. The total detection rate of common δβ-thalassemia/HPFH was 0.19% (52/27 088). There were significant differences in the levels of MCV, MCH, HbA₂, and HbF among Chinese ^Gγ⁺(^Aγδβ)⁰-thalassemia, ^SEA-HPFH, ^Aγ-196 C>T (P<0.001). The hematological parameters of ^Aγ-196C>T combined with α⁰-thalassemia were similar to those of Chinese ^Gγ⁺(^Aγδβ)⁰-thalassemia carriers, and only HbA₂ was significantly lower than that of the latter, which was helpful for clinical identification. CONCLUSION δβ-thalassemia/HPFH should be included in the scope of thalassemia prevention program in the prepregnant population in Huadu District, and hematological parameters can provide some basis for identifying different types of δβ-thalassemia/HPFH.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics* ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Thalassemia/genetics* ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy based on "brain-intestinal connection" combined with donepezil hydrochloride tablets and oral donepezil hydrochloride tablets alone for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and observe its effects on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid protein METHODS: Sixty patients with AD were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with donepezil hydrochloride tablets (5 mg per day); based on the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy at Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing (ST 26), Daheng (SP 15), etc., once every 10 days. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), activity of daily living scale (ADL), neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI) as well as the serum levels of APP and Aβ RESULTS: After treatment, the MMSE scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment ( CONCLUSION The abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy based on the theory of "brain-intestinal connection" combined with donepezil hydrochloride tablets can improve cognitive function, self-care ability of daily life and mental behavior, and reduce the serum levels of APP and Aβ
Acupuncture Points ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Brain ; Donepezil ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments

Objective: This study aimed to determine the independent and joint associations of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese adults. Methods: The study analyzed data from 4,865 adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the 2009 and 2015 China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS). Four types of leisure ST and three types of PA self-reported at baseline were collected. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the independent and joint associations of ST and PA with the odds of MetS or its components. Results: For independent effects, higher levels of television time and total leisure ST was associated with higher MetS risk [odds ratio ( Conclusions MVPA and total PA have independent preventive effects, and sedentary behavior (mainly watching TV) has an unsafe effect on MetS and its components. Strengthening the participation of MVPA and combining the LPA to replace the TV-based ST to increase the total PA may be necessary to reduce the prevalence of MetS in Chinese adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China/epidemiology* ; Exercise/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Behavior ; Young Adult

【Objective】 To analyze characteristics of ocular surface damage in inactive mild and moderate-severe Graves' Orbitopathy(GO) . 【Methods】 In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics of GO patients at Sun Yatsen Memorial Hospital between April 2017 and April 2019 were reviewed. Data were collected from 192 eyes of 192 cases. There were 121 eyes of 121 cases with mild GO, and 71 eyes of 71 cases with moderate-severe GO. All patients were divided into corneal-damage and non-corneal-damage groups. The ocular surface irritation, tear film breakup time(TFBUT), marginal reflex distance 1(MRD1), marginal reflex distance 2(MRD2), Schirmer's test Ⅱ, and proptosis of the two groups were compared. 【Results】 Grittiness(21 cases, 52.5%) and photophobia(23 cases, 57.5%) were higher, in cornealdamage group of inactive mild GO patients, compared with non-corneal-damage group(23 cases, 28.4%, 29 cases, 35.8%, respectively) (P ≤ 0.05); but there was no statistical difference in symptoms between the two groups of moderate-severe GO patients. There was statistical difference in increased MRD1 between corneal-damage group [5.1(S = 1.9) mm] and non-corneal-damagegroup [4.4(S = 1.5) mm] of inactive mild GO patients(P ≤ 0.05). Besides, decreased TFBUT in moderate-severe corneal-damage GO patients was 3.2(S = 2.3) s, shorter than non-corneal-damage group [6.2(S = 3.2) s, (P ≤ 0.05) ] . In corneal-damage groups, there was no significant difference in symptoms and signs between mild and moderate-severe GO. 【Conclusions】 Grittinessand photophobia are common symptoms in patients with mild GO ocular surface damage, and MRD1 is related with ocular surface damage. There is no difference in symptom between corneal-damage group and non-corneal-damage group of moderate-severe GO patients, and TFBUT is related with ocular surface damage.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the consistency between FCM and PCR on the detecting of MRD in TCF3-PBX1 METHODS: 55 cases of paediatric TCF3-PBX1 RESULTS: Among the 55 children with TCF3-PBX1 CONCLUSION The detection result of MRD in TCF3-PBX1 detect by FCM and PCR shows better consistency. MRD positivity detected by FCM at the end of induction therapy (day 33) predicts a high risk of relapse in TCF3-PBX1 ALL patients.
Adolescent ; Bone Marrow ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

The chemical constituents in Shenmai Injection(SMI) were qualitatively analyzed by using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry(LC-IT-MS). The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) and gradient elution was carried out with 0.05% formic acid solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min~(-1) and a column temperature of 30 ℃. Mass spectrometry data of the components in SMI were collected in negative ion mode. The structures of components were speculated and identified by analyzing mass spectrometry data, comparing with standards, and referring to related literature. A total of 64 components in SMI were estimated, and the structures were confirmed in 16 of them by comparison with standards. Fifty-six compounds derived from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra included 34 protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, 19 protopanaxatriol ginsenosides, 1 oleanane ginsenosides and 2 other glycosides. Eight compounds derived from Ophiopogonis Radix included 7 steroidal saponins, and 1 monoterpene glycoside. The results of this study would provide an important theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality control standards and the discovery of effective constituents in SMI.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry