This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

Objective: Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of bladder preservation integrated therapy for unresectable invasive bladder cancer confined to the pelvis was done, also including the bladder function preservation and adverse effects analysis. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with unresectable locally invasive bladder cancer who received radiotherapy-based combination therapy from March 1999 to December 2021 at our hospital were selected. Among them, 42 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 32 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapyand 43 with transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) prior to radiotherapy. The late adverse effect of radiotherapy, preservation of bladder function, replase and metastasis and survival were followed-up. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the multifactorial analysis. Results: The median age was 69 years. There were 63 cases (91.3%) of uroepithelial carcinoma, 64 of stage Ⅲ and 4 of stage Ⅳ. The median duration of follow-up was 76 months. There were 7 grade 2 late genito urinary toxicities, 2 grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities, no grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred. All patients maintained normal bladder function, except for 8 cases who lost bladder function due to uncontrolled tumor in the bladder. Seventeen cases recurred locally. There were 11 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 26.2% (11/42) and 6 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 22.2% (6/27), and the difference in local recurrence rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.709). There were 23 cases of distant metastasis (including 2 cases of local recurrence with distant metastasis), including 10 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 23.8% (10/42) and 13 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 48.1% (13/27), and the distant metastasis rate in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was higher than that in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (P=0.036). The median 5-year overall survival (OS) time was 59 months and the OS rate was 47.8%. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) time was 20 months and the PFS rate was 34.4%. The 5-year OS rates of concurrent and non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were 62.9% and 27.6% (P<0.001), and 5-year PFS rates were 45.4% and 20.0%, respectively (P=0.022). The 5-year OS rates of with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 78.4% and 30.1% (P=0.002), and the 5-year PFS rates were 49.1% and 25.1% (P=0.087), respectively. The 5-year OS rates with or without TURBT before radiotherapy were 45.5% and 51.9% (P=0.233) and the 5-year PFS rates were 30.8% and 39.9% (P=0.198), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that the clinical stage (HR=0.422, 95% CI: 0.205-0.869) was independent prognostic factor for PFS of invasive bladder cancer. The multivariate analysis showed that clinical stages (HR=0.278, 95% CI: 0.114-0.678), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (HR=0.391, 95% CI: 0.165-0.930), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.188, 95% CI: 0.058-0.611), and recurrences (HR=10.855, 95% CI: 3.655-32.638) were independent prognostic factors for OS of invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion: Unresectable localized invasive bladder cancer can achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes with bladder-preserving combination therapy based on radiotherapy, most patients can retain normal bladder function with acceptable late adverse effects and improved survival particularly evident in patients with early, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Humans ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy/methods* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasm Staging

Objective:A strong antithrombotic protein component， named PvQ， was purified and enriched from total protein of Pheretima vulgaris， a traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover， we evaluated its fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity， and expected to provide reference for the research on antithrombotic substances of Pheretima. Method:A rapid in vitro activity-oriented separation combined with the AKTA-Pure protein purification system conducted on P. vulgaris. Meanwhile， the fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities of PvQ were measured by fibrin plate method and fibrinogen-thrombin time （Fibg-TT） method. And the in vitro thrombolysis assay was used for evaluating the lysis ability of PvQ to thrombus. Then the stability of PvQ was also analyzed for its anticoagulant activity at different pH and temperature. Result:The PvQ was successfully enriched and its activity was determined to have significant fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. And the result of in vitro thrombolysis assay revealed that PvQ could hydrolyze more than 80% of thrombus after 5 h of incubation at 37 ℃. In addition， the changes of temperature and pH had significant effects on antithrombotic activity， and this study showed that PvQ was rapidly inactivated at ≥60 ℃ or in acidic conditions （pH<7）. While， the activity of PvQ was unaffected or less affected at ≤50 ℃ and under alkaline conditions. Conclusion:A feasible preparation method of PvQ is established， and it can affect fibrin and fibrinogen at the same time， thus exerting a dual fibrinolytic effect and possessing significant fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. It provides a scientific interpretation for the treatment of thrombotic diseases by PvQ and a reference for the development of antithrombotic protein products of Pheretima.

The antioxidant activities of Vleriana jatamansi Jones were investigated and the relationship between the antioxidant effect and the chemical structure was explored. The free radical scavenging test, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•), was used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Vleriana jatamansi Jones with 0−100% menthol as extraction solvents. The polar and nonpolar HPLC conditions were conducted to isolate the main chemical compositions. The DPPH^• tests were used in analysis of the free radical scavenging activities. Under polar HPLC separation conditions, 5 kinds of compounds were detected:chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, hesperidin, and coffeic acid; under nonpolar HPLC separation conditions, acevaltrate, 1β-acevaltrate and valtrate were founded. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid presented high DPPH^• free radical scavenging activities. The results of antioxidant activity suggested that the coffee acyl from chlorogenic acid-like compounds had a high DPPH^• free radical scavenging ability. Our investigation indicated that structure of the ortho hydroxyl phenol of chlorogenic acid-like compounds play a significant role in antioxidant activities. In addition, this work can also provide method and theory reference for improving the antioxidant activities of Vleriana jatamansi Jones.

Objective To measure the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome by 256 slice spiril CT, and to access the airway obstruction plane with the airway plane data in OSAHS patients.Through these measurements, we can provide assistance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods This study randomly selected 178 patients diagnosed with OSAHS and 110 cases non-snoring healthy people as the control group by the Philips 256 slice CT.Under the nasopharyngeal area, velopharyngeal area, glossopharyngeal area, epiglottis area, we measured the cross-sectional area and volume of the narrowest plane in the two groups of quiet respiration and Müller status.Results The OSAHS group underwent quiet respiration and Müller status during CT scanning, and the two states about epiglottis area in cross-sectional area and volume had no significant difference, Other groups had differences between the parameters.There was a significant difference in the volume about velopharyngeal area and glossopharyngeal area. In the control group undergoing quiet respiration and Müller status during CT scanning, there was difference in velopharyngeal cross-sectional area.Other parameters had no significant difference.Conclusions The obstruction plate of OSAHS patients with 256-slice spiril CT measurement is mostly in the velopharyngeal area and glossopharyngeal area. The volume measurement of upper airway by CT can predict airway obstruction plate in patients with OSAHS.

Objectives: To compare the effect between the right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection and the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt palliative surgery in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. Methods: A total of 92 consecutive patients (mean age [1.69 ± 1.72] years, range 0.2-8.1 years) diagnosed with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and pulmonary artery hypoplasia (Nakata index [87.51 ± 36.97] mm2/m2; McGoon ratio 0.97±0.28) from December 2009 to August 2012 in our hospital were included in this retrospective study. 45 patients underwent the procedure of right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection (RV-PA) and 47 underwent the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery, some patients also received simultaneous transcatheter occlusion of major aortopulmonary collaterals and/or pulmonary angioplasty. The mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time, the pulmonary vascular growth and the anatomical repair rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean follow up time was (2.01±1.02)years. Nakata index and McGoon ratio equally increased significantly post operation as compared to baseline level (P<0.001). Incidence of final anatomical repair was significantly higher in the RV-PA group than in the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt group (62.2% vs 31.9%,P<0.01). During the anatomical repair operation, the incidence of cyanosis improvement was significantly higher, while the operation time was significantly shorter in the RV-PA group than in the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt group(both P<0.05). Mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time also tended to be shorter in the RV-PA group (P>0.05). Conclusions: The palliative right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection surgery is related to higher rate of final anatomical repair in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect and may help the patients recover after the anatomical repair.

BACKGROUNDCoarctation of the aorta (CoA) with aortic arch hypoplasia (AAH) is a relatively common congenital heart disease in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the corrective surgical technique for infants and children is a clinical problem that remains controversial. In this study, we sought to evaluate the surgical effects of aortic arch (AA) reconstruction with coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch for infants and young children with CoA and AAH.

METHODSBetween January 2009 and December 2015, a total of 22 infants and young children with CoA and AAH who underwent coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch were enrolled in this study. The median age of patients was 4.5 (Q1, Q3: 2.0, 14.0) months and the median body weight was 5.75 (Q1, Q3: 4.10, 9.38) kg. All patients were diagnosed with CoA and AAH, and concomitant cardiac anomalies were corrected in one stage. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed using the paired sample t-test.

RESULTSNo perioperative deaths occurred. No residual obstruction was detected by echocardiography. The postoperative pressure difference across the repaired segment of CoA was 14.05 ± 4.26 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), which was smaller than the preoperative pressure difference (48.30 ± 15.73 mmHg; t = -10.119, P < 0.001). The median follow-up time was 29.0 (Q1, Q3: 15.5, 57.3) months. There was no death during the follow-up period, and all patients experienced obvious clinical improvement. Only one child underwent subsequent aortic balloon angioplasty due to restenosis. Computed tomography angiography showed that the AA morphology was smooth, with no aortic aneurysm or angulation deformity.

CONCLUSIONAA reconstruction with coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch could effectively correct CoA with AAH, and the rate of reintervention for restenosis is low.

BACKGROUNDThe metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy combined with α-interferon yields additional overall survival (OS) benefits. It is unclear whether mRCC patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) will benefit from such cytoreductive nephrectomy either. The aim of the study was to identify variables for selection of patients who would benefit from upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy for mRCC treated with VEGFR-TKI.

METHODSClinical data on 74 patients enrolled in 5 clinical trials conducted in Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2006 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons between patient groups were performed by Chi-square test. A Cox regression model was adopted for analysis of multiple factors affecting survival, with a significance level of α = 0.05.

RESULTSFifty-one patients underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by targeted therapy (cytoreductive nephrectomy group) and 23 patients were treated with targeted therapy alone (noncytoreductive nephrectomy group). The median OS was 32.2 months and 23.0 months in cytoreductive nephrectomy and noncytoreductive nephrectomy groups, respectively (P = 0.041). Age ≤45 years (P = 0.002), a low or high body mass index (BMI <19 or >30 kg/m2) (P = 0.008), a serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration >1.5 × upper limit of normal (P = 0.025), a serum calcium concentration >10 mg/ml (P = 0.034), and 3 or more metastatic sites (P = 0.023) were independent preoperative risk factors for survival. The patients only with 0-2 risk factors benefited from upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy in terms of OS when compared with the patients treated with targeted therapy alone (40.0 months vs. 23.2 months, P = 0.042), while those with more than 2 risk factors did not.

CONCLUSIONSFive risk factors (age, BMI, LDH, serum calcium, and number of metastatic sites) seemed to be helpful for selecting patients who would benefit from undergoing upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; mortality ; surgery ; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Proportional Hazards Models

The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Mice ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tritium

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of modified vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique in treating refractory sinus in the lower leg.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2011, 11 patients with refractory sinus in the lower leg, including 7 males and 4 females, with an average age of 34.5 years (ranged,23 to 56). These patients were treated with modified VSD technique after thorough cleaning sinus and continuous washing. After 14 to 21 days of treatment, removed VSD and re-debrided the sinus and sutured wound.

RESULTSInfections got control after operation, sinus in the lower leg healed. All patients were followed up from 6 to 14 months with an average of 10 months, no recidivations were found.

CONCLUSIONModified VSD technique is an effective method in the treatment of stubborn sinus in the lower leg.

Adult ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Leg Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Vacuum