A novel technology is proposed for non-contact and real-time detection of atrial fibrillation using millimeter-wave radar.A 60 GHz PCR millimeter wave radar is used to continuously detect the chest echo signal of the subject.After signal acquisition,I-Q signal is generated through I-Q demodulation,and the signal phase information is extracted using effective points phase trend evaluation for obtaining the signals from oscillations in the chest wall,from which the respiratory signals and cardiac signals are extracted through digital filtering for the analysis of cardiac movement.Whether the atrial fibrillation occurs or not is determined by the characteristics of atrial fibrillation wave in the time domain.The effective points phase trend evaluation for extracting more accurate signal phase information and the time-domain method for real-time atrial fibrillation detection are the innovations of the study.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 99.2%in clinic.

Objective:To analyze and identify the non-medicinal parts in Zanthoxylum nitidum husk by HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS, and study the antioxidant activity, in order to provide the scientific basis for further research and development of Z. nitidum. Method:Data is collected by HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS,and high-resolution MS and MS2 spectra of mass spectrogram of chromatographic peaks were analyzed and compared with the literature database. The structure of each chromatographic peak was calculated and confirmed. The anti-oxidative activity of the Z. nitidum husk was studied by DPPH scavenging free radical ability and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Result:Twenty-five alkaloids were identified from Z. nitidum husk. The main constituents were isoquinoline alkaloids (nitidine,liriodenine,magnocurarine),pyrrolidine alkaloid (allocryptopine,oxymatrine,oxysophocarpine),quinoline alkaloid (magnoflorine,nitidine chloride),and organic amine alkaloids (γ-sanshool). Antioxygenic activity was studied by DPPH scavenging free radical ability and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. The results showed that they were within the measured concentration range, the antioxidant activity increased with the rise of the sample concentration, a good dose dependence was presented. Conclusion:In this paper,the chemical constituents and the activity Z. nitidum husk were studied. Studies have shown a variety of alkaloids, with a good antioxidant activity. This study provides a reference for further research and development of Z. nitidum.

OBJECTIVEMeasures of ventilation-CO₂output relationship have been shown to be more prognostic than peak O₂uptake in assessing life expectancy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Because both the ratios (VE/Vco₂) and slopes (VE-vs-Vco₂) of ventilation-co₂ output of differing durations can be used, we aim to ascertain which measurements best predicted CHF life expectancy.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-one CHF patients with NYHA class II-IV underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and were followed-up for a median duration of 479 days. Four different linear regression VE-vs- Vco₂ slopes were calculated from warm-up exercise onset to: 180 s, anaerobic threshold (AT), ventilatory compensation point (VCP); and peak exercise. Five VE/Vco₂ ratios were calculated for the following durations: rest (120 s), warm-up (30 s), AT (60 s), lowest value (90 s), and peak exercise (30 s). Death or heart transplant were considered end-points. Multiple statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTSCHF patients had high lowest VE/Vco₂ (41.0 ± 9.2, 141 ± 30%pred), high VE/Vco₂ at AT (42.5 ± 10.4, 145 ± 35%pred), and high VE-vs-Vco₂ slope to VCP (37.6 ± 12.1, 126 ± 41%pred). The best predictor of death was a higher lowest VE/Vco₂ (≥ 42, ≥ 141%pred), whereas the VE-vs-Vco₂slope to VCP was less variable than other slopes. For death prognosis in 6 months, %pred values were superior: for longer times, absolute values were superior.

CONCLUSIONThe increased lowest VE/Vco₂ ratio easily identifiable and simply measured during exercise, is the best measurement to assess the ventilation-co₂output relationship in prognosticating death in CHF patients.

Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Progression ; Exercise Test ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Respiratory Function Tests

OBJECTIVEWe investigate the magnitudes of waveform changes of arterial blood gas (ABG) in patients with heart failure.

METHODSFive patients with heart failure were selected, continuous collecting radial artery blood and measured PaO2, PaCO2, pHa and Sao2. We selected two typical breaths cycles of waveform changes of ABG from each patient for data analysis. Comparison of the adjacent highest and lowest values to verify the presence of a periodic waveform changes of ABG, and in addition, we used t test to analysis the range of waveform changes of ABG in patients with heart failure and patients with normal cardiac function and compared whether the difference between them.

RESULTSThe 5 patients (2 surgical and 3 ICU) with heart failure, were 4 male and 1 female, (69 ± 7)year, (169 ± 10) cm, (75 ± 19)kg, LVEF = (38 ± 3)%. The heart beat numbers for full blood into the blood sampling pipe were 17 ± 2, and all covered more than 2 breath cycles. There were significant changes of PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and SaO2 (P < 0.05). The magnitudes of changing PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and Sao2 were (7.94 ± 2.02)mmHg, (1.18 ± 0.56)mmHg, (0.54 ± 0.17)nmol/L and (0.21 ± 0.07)%, and they were (6.1 ± 1.5)%, (3.2 ± 1.5)%, (1.5 ± 0.5)% and (0.2 ± 0.1)% from their mean respectively. Even these magnitudes fo all ABG parameters were trendily lower than those of patients with normal cardiac function, but only PaO2 and [H+]a were significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUsing this simple continuous beat-by-beat arterial blood sampling method, we obtained a clear evidence of periodic waveform of ABG parameters following by breath cycle in patients with heart failure, but the magnitude trendily be decreased.

Aged ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

OBJECTIVESince 2011 EB-APS conference, we hypotheses that phase switching of inspiration-expiration is dominantly initiated by oscillatory information PaO2, PaCO2 and [H+] via fast peripheral chemical receptors. However, the evidence of the waveform of ABG is lack.

METHODSSix surgery patients with normal heart function and negative Allen test, had been placed the arterial catheterization directly connected to 3 x 1 000 mm pre-heparin plastic pipe for continuous collecting arterial blood. We counted the number of heart beat for the blood collecting time, and separated the blood pipe into the heart beat numbers' short pieces using haemostatic forceps, then put pipe into iced water at once fir analyzing PaO2, PaCO2, pH and SaO2 as soon as possible. We selected two breaths cycles of waveform from each patient for data calculations of magnitudes and time interval.

RESULTSThe heart beat numbers for filling blood into pipe were 16 ± 2, and all covered more than 2 breathing cycles. Each breathing cycle is cover 5 ± 0.6 heart beat. There were significant changes of PaO2, PaCO2, [H+] a and SaO2 (i.e. the highest high values compare to the next lowest values, P < 0.05). The time interval of changing PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and SaO2 magnitudes were 11.28 ± 1.13 mmHg, 1.77 ± 0.89 mmHg, 1.14 ± 0.35 nmol/L and 0.52% ± 0.44% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis simple continuous beat-by-beat arterial blood sampling and ABG analyzing method is new and practicable. We obtain a clear evidence of periodic parameters ABG waveform, which following breathing cycle.

Arteries ; physiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Respiration

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Fang on survival and life quality of cases with late stage gastric cancer.METHODS Two hundred and thirty-two cases were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.The former was given combined treatment of Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Fang and chemotherapy,while the latter was treated with chemotherapy only.Survival,clinical symptom score and life quality score were compared between two groups.RESULTS Cases in experiment group survived longer than that of control group,with average days of(327±15.33), while the average survival was (257± 16.56) in control group.There was statistical significance between them (P <0.01). Life quality was compared between two groups through QLQ-C30 scale,which showed that such symptoms as mood function, role function,pain,nausea and vomiting,fatigue and poor appetite and general health got better improvement in experiment group.Statistical significance can be found between them(P <0.05).Comparison of symptoms score from perspective of tra-ditional Chinese medicine between both groups also indicated statistical significance(P <0.05),as the improvement of gastric pain,poor appetite,fatigue and got better improvement in experiment group.CONCLUSION Combined treatment of Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Fang and chemotherapy is effective in prolonging survival,improving gastric pain and life quality for ca-ses with late stage gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the trend of cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates during 1989-2008 in Chinese women, so as to inform the development of relevant policies and strategies in China.

METHODSThe incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer during 1989-2008 in urban and rural areas were calculated based on the data from the National Cancer Registry Database. Age-standardized rates were calculated using the Chinese population of 1982 and World Segi's population of 1985. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to obtain annual percentage changes (APC) so as to assess the trend of incidence and mortality rates over the period from 1989 to 2008.

RESULTSThe crude incidence rate of cervical cancer in Chinese women increased from 3.06/10(5) in 1989-1990 to 11.87/10(5) in 2007-2008 (from 4.96/10(5) to 11.98/10(5) in urban registration areas and from 2.39/10(5) to 11.77/10(5) in rural registration areas).The crude mortality rate slightly increased from 2.19/10(5) in 1989-1990 to 3.20/10(5) in 2007-2008 (from 3.21/10(5) to 2.56/10(5) in urban registration areas and from 1.82/10(5) to 3.75/10(5) in rural registration areas). Generally, the upward trends of crude incidence rates were shown over the year 1989-2008, with an APC of 14.4% after 1997 in urban areas and 22.5% after 1999 in rural areas.After age standardization of world population, the APC of incidence rates in recent decade in urban areas remained stable, and the one in rural areas slightly decreased.Although the overall crude and world age-standardized mortality rates had no significant changes during 1989-2008, the crude mortality rates increased by 8.1% annually after 1999.The upward trends were also shown for crude and world age-standardized mortality rates in urban areas after 2001 with an APC of 7.3%.The crude mortality rates in rural areas increased by 3.9% annually during 1989-2008, but no significant change was found after age standardization.

CONCLUSIONSOver the last decade, the cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates ascended by year in China. It is particularly urgent to establish a comprehensive prevention and control system that combines cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccination, so as to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Chinese women.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancers from 32 cancer registration centers,2003 to 2007.Methods Data from 32 eligible cancer registries were included in this study.Both crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancers from 2003 to 2007 were calculated and stratified by area and gender.Age-stratified incidence and mortality,as well as the proportions of new and death cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer were also calculated at each site.Results Mouth,tongue and salivary gland were the most predilcction sitcs of oral and pharyngeal cancers.The crude incidence for both oral and pharyngeal cancers was 3.15/105 from 2003 to 2007.The age-standardized incidence rates using the Chinese population (1982) and the World Segi' s population were 1.75/105 and 2.26/105.The crude mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer was 1.37/105 from 2003 to 2007; with age-standardized mortality rates,using the Chinese population (1982) and the World Segi' s population were 0.69/105 and 0.94/105.Both incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females,higher in urban than in rural areas,and ascended with age.Age-standardized incidence and mortality in Zhongshan city ranked first among all the cancer registration areas.Age-standardized incidences by gender and area increased slightly from 2003 to 2007,while age-standardized mortalities were stable.Conclusion Although the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer were low in China from 2003 to 2007,attention should also be paid since the exposure of relative risk factors did not seem to have reduced and the incidence increased slightly.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tounongsan () extract (TNSE) on proliferation and apoptosis of the human lymphoma cell line Raji and its possible mechanism of action.

METHODSThe viability of TNSE-treated Raji cells was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of TNSE-mediated apoptosis were further investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the mRNA expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Bcl-xL, Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), caspase-9 and caspase-3. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NF-κB, Bad, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3.

RESULTSTNSE inhibited Raji cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. After 48-h treatment with various concentrations of TNSE (125, 250 and 500 μg/mL), the apoptosis rates of Raji cell were 12.23%±1.98% (P<0.05), 20.97%±3.96% (P<0.01) and 30.4%±4.87% (P<0.01), respectively, compared with those of the control (6.02%±1.01%). RT-PCR demonstrated that NF-κB mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in Raji cells treated with 250 μg/mL TNSE for 48 h (P<0.05), while Bad, caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA levels were upregulated (P<0.05). Moreover, TNSE treatment resulted in downregulation of NF-κB protein expression and strikingly upregulated protein expressions of Bad, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by Western blot.

CONCLUSIONTNSE exhibits significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in Raji cells, which may be involved in regulation of NF-κB and Bad, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; bcl-Associated Death Protein ; metabolism

Objective Throush identify biochemical characteristics and virulence factors of 2 strains suspected Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)isolated from the dead Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana)to confirm the nature epidemic focus in Dege County,Sichuan Province.Methods Y.pestis was analyzed by specific staining and shape,culturing characteristics,splitting-test by bacteriophage,test of biochemical characteristics and glycolysis ability,virulence factors,virulence,nutritional requirement,plasmid,genetic test and genetic type. Results The tested strains were Gram staining bacilus.The main biochemical characteristics were Arabinose(+)、 Rhamnose(-),Maltose(+),Melibiose(-),Glycerol(+),Denitrification(+).The virulence factors with FI+.VW+, Pgm+,Pst I+;and with the common 6.0×106,45.0×106,65.0×106 plasmids,also with the virulence-relative plasmid gene.Both their absolutely lethal dose(LD100)in mice were 50 bacteria.The nutritional requirement appeared which were depended on Phenylalanine and Methionine.With the Genomovar 5 genotype characteristics of M.himalayana plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The difference between tested strains and Yersinia pseudotubercuosis on the 3 different culture medium was obvious.The tested strains had a Y.pestis' specific 3a fragment,Pst I and FI-Ag,at 22 ℃,the strains could be split by bacteriophage completely.Conclusions According to the diagnostic criteria of plague in China,the 2 suspected strains isolated from Dege County,Sichuan Province ale confirmed as Y.pestis.both with powerful virulenceand with the characteristics of the Y.pestis of M.himahtyana in Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague natural focus.