Background: We retrospectively compared endscopic gastroduodenal stenting with gastrojejunostomy as a means of palliating malignant gastric and duodenal obstruction. Methods: This retrospective study investigated patients treated for malignant gastric and duodenal obstruction from April 2011 to April 2015 at Shikoku Cancer Center. Results: Of the 40 patients in this study, 25 underwent gastroduodenal stenting and 15 had operative gastrojejunostomy. Comparing the stenting and operative patients, technical success rate was 100% in both group, clinical success rate was 84% in stenting patients and 93% in operative patients. The median time to fluid intake was significantly shorter in stenting patients than operative patients(0 day vs 2 days, p=0.0003), and the median time to intake of solids was also significantly shorter in stenting patients(1day vs 3 days, p<0.0001).The median hospital stay was significantly shorter in stenting patients(9 days vs 23 days, p=0.0116). Median cost of hospitalization is more expensive in operative patients than stenting patients(¥1,106,170 vs ¥752,290, p=0.0052). Conclusion: Our study suggested that gastoroduodenal stent was less length of time to fluid/solid intake, and less costly than gastrojejunostomy.

Objective: There are some cases in which the original drug and generic, or various generic drugs have different flavors.  In prescription substitution, there is concern that difference in the flavor of the drug will influence on medication adherence.  Therefore pharmacists should sufficiently understand information regarding the flavors of drugs.  We investigated the source of information on flavor and an actual flavor.
Methods: The study was limited to antibiotic powders for pediatric patients, 43 original drugs and 68 generic drugs were examined.  We collected information on the flavor by the paper document, such as pharmaceutical reference issued by the pharmaceutical companies, and by telephone.  We investigated the inclusion of the paper document, presence of descriptive information on the flavor listed in the paper document and the concordance between the flavor of the original drug and that of the generic drug.
Results: For both the original drugs and generics, a flavor was added to many drugs (86.0 and 91.2%, respectively).  There were many cases in which the original drug and generic drug had different flavors.  However, information on the flavor was only described on the paper document of 28.6% of original drugs and 45.3% of the generic drugs.  Inquiry to the pharmaceutical companies by telephone was needed to know the flavor of drugs not described.  The inclusion of the paper document varied greatly with each pharmaceutical company.
Conclusion: In the promotion of prescription substitution, it is necessary to promote proper administration of generic drugs by maintaining and collecting information on the flavor, and providing sufficient information to patients.