Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and potential influencing factors of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into the formulation of the echinococcosis control strategy in Qinghai Province. Methods The number of individuals screened for echinococcosis, number of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases, number of registered dogs and number of stray dogs were captured from the annual reports of echinococcosis control program in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was calculated. The number of populations, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours, average altitude, number of year-end cattle stock, number of year-end sheep stock, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and number of village health centers in each county (district) of Qinghai Province were captured from the Qinghai Provincial Statistical Yearbook, and county-level electronic maps in Qinghai Province were downloaded from the National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services. The software ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map the distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was performed. In addition, the spacetime scan analyses of number of individuals screened for echinococcosis, number of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases and geographical coordinates in Qinghai Province were performed with the software SaTScan 10.1.2, and the spatial stratified heterogeneity of the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was investigated with the software GeoDetector. Results A total of 6 569 426 residents were screened for echinococcosis in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and 5 924 newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases were found. The detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2016 to 2022 (χ² = 11.107, P < 0.01), with the highest detection in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2017 (82.12/10⁵). There were spatial clusters in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2018 (Moran’s I = 0.34 to 0.65, all Z values > 1.96, all P values < 0.05), and the distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases appeared random distribution from 2019 to 2022 (Moran’s I = −0.09 to 0.04, all Z values < 1.96, all P values > 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed high-high clusters and low-low clusters in the detection of new diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022, and space-time scan analysis showed that the first most likely cluster areas of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2022 were mainly distributed in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. GeoDetector-based analysis of the driving factors for the spatial stratified heterogeneity of detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases in Qinghai Province showed that average altitude, number of village health centers, number of cattle and sheep stock, GDP per capita, annual average sunshine hours, and annual average temperature had a strong explanatory power for the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases, with q values of 0.630, 0.610, 0.600, 0.590, 0.588, 0.537 and 0.526, respectively. Conclusions The detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Qinghai Province over years from 2016 to 2022, showing spatial clustering. Targeted control measures are required in cluster areas of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases for further control of the disease.

Exercise is an effective method for preventing disability in elderly adults.However, in order to ensure successful outcomes, it is crucial to conduct a scientific and comprehensive evaluation of motor function.Currently, several assessment systems for geriatric motor function have been developed, but most of them are based on research conducted with community-dwelling elderly individuals.When applying these community-based systems to elderly inpatients, certain challenges need to be addressed and overcome.This paper aims to synthesize several evaluation systems commonly used for functional assessment, focusing on those with comprehensive content, good reliability, and validity.It analyzes the limitations of these systems when applied to the hospitalized elderly population and proposes ways to address these shortcomings by incorporating other testing systems.The objective is to provide a reasonable foundation for functional evaluation in the context of hospitalized elderly individuals.

【Objective】 To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure wound therapy on chronic refractory wounds, and to provide reference for clinical treatment. 【Methods】 Randomized controlled trials of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds were included in the databases of CNKI, Wan fang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the time of database construction to November 2022. After literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, Meta analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. 【Results】 After screening, a total of 11 Chinese literatures that met the criteria of this paper were retrieved, involving a total of 359 patients with chronic refractory wounds. The observation group was treated with autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure wound therapy, and the control group was treated with negative pressure wound therapy alone. Meta-analysis suggested that compared with negative pressure wound therapy alone, autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure wound therapy shortened wound healing time [WMD=-6.08, 95%CI (-7.77, -4.40), P<0.05]. The hospitalization was shortened [WMD=-8.24, 95%CI (-11.55, -4.94), P<0.05], the pain score was decreased [WMD=-1.73, 95%CI (-2.06, -1.40), P<0.05], and the positive rate of bacterial culture on the wound was decreased [RR=0.28, 95%CI(0.16, 0.49), P<0.05], the wound treatment effect was good [RR=1.28, 95%CI(1.17, 1.41), P<0.05]. 【Conclusion】 Based on current studies, compared with the negative pressure wound therapy alone, autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure wound therapy can effectively promote the healing of chronic refractory wounds, shorten the hospital stay, reduce pain and infection, and the clinical treatment effect is better.

Objective To explore whether indoor light-assisted therapy can rapidly improve depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression,as well as the safety of indoor-light-assisted therapy.Methods From September 2021 to December 2022,patients with depression were recruited from the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University.According to the random number table method,patients were divided into test group and control group.The test group was treated with light therapy 30 minutes from 7:30 am to 8:00 am daily for 2 weeks in addition to antidepressant therapy.Antidepressant therapy was continued after completion of light therapy and patients were followed up for 2 weeks.The control group was treated with regular antidepressants throughout the four-week trial.Hamilton depression scale(HAMD17)and the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)were used to assess the clinical symptoms at the baseline and the end of every week of treatment.Safety was evaluated using patient adverse events,anterior segment photography and visual testing.Results A total of 80 patients were enrolled,including 40 in the test group and 40 in the control group.The data of dropped were processed for missing values and then included in the statistical analysis.At the 1st(20.0％vs.0.0％)and 2nd(45.0％vs.17.5％)weekend of treatment,the response rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group.There was an interaction between the time point and the group in HAMD17 total score(F=9.66,P<0.01).The scores of HAMD17 at the end of every week in the test group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the reduction rate of total score in HAMD17[33.3％(25.0％,43.3％)vs.13.9％(9.9％,19.8％)]and HAMA[22.4％(16.5％,35.3％)vs.14.2％(4.4％,26.9％)]between the two groups(P<0.05).Incidences of adverse effect were not significantly different between the two groups(12.5％vs.10.0％,P=1.00).There were no severe adverse events or mania was reported in the test group and the eye examination showed no abnormality.Conclusion Compared with antidepressant therapy alone,indoor light therapy combined with antidepressant can quickly improve depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression,shorten the duration of depression treatment,and has good safety.

Objective:To investigate the application of side branch protection technique in interventional treatment of intracranial arteriosclerosis stenosis.Methods:We reviewed the patients who underwent interventional treatment of intracranial arteriosclerosis stenosis from November 2018 to May 2021 in Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and analyzed the role of side branch protection technique in the prevention and treatment of complications. Relevant evaluation indicators including: (1) imaging: patency of blood flow in target vessels and branch vessels; (2) clinical presentation: ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) events within 72 hours and one month follow-up results.Results:A total of 9 patients underwent side branch protection during interventional treatment for intracranial arteriosclerosis stenosis, the blood flow of target vessels was improved obviously after operation, and the blood flow of the affected branches was not affected; no stroke or TIA events occurred in 72 hours after operation and one month follow up.Conclusions:Proper application of side branch protection technique can reduce the perioperative complications effectively during the interventional treatment for intracranial arteriosclerosis stenosis.

【Objective】 To explore the mechanism of testosterone on eryptosis. 【Methods】 The erythrocyte suspension (1%) was cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups: 2 kinds of eryptosis models induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro, 3×10^-8 mol/L testosterone + 200 μmol/L H2O2 group (group A), 200 μmol/L H2O2 treatment group (group B) and 1×PBS buffer control group (group C). Erythrocytes were collected from 12 well plates (about 2×10⁶/well) at 24 h and 60 h to detect the eryptosis rate, intracellular ROS and [Ca²⁺ ]i through flow cytometry, and the changes of each index were analyzed by t test. 【Results】 The eryptosis rate(%)at 24 h and 60 h in group A, B and C were 2.61±0.28, 11.25±1.43 vs 7.15±0.95, 28.65±0.74 vs 1.32±0.07, 8.18±0.08 (P<0.01); ROS level(%): 14.52±0.68, 15.26±0.49 vs 16.68±0.60, 21.68±1.10 vs 7.61±0.21, 10.29±1.06 (P<0.01); [Ca²⁺ ]i(%): 6.54±0.46, 8.93±0.87 vs 11.78±0.76, 14.63±0.80 vs 1.36±0.20, 2.44±0.38 (P<0.01). The eryptosis rate, ROS level and [Ca^{2 +} ]i in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Testosterone effectively inhibits eryptosis induced by H2O2 in vitro and its mechanism may be related to reducing ROS production and maintaining normal [Ca²⁺ ]i.

Objective:To study the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among newly reported antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou during 2017-2018.Methods:CMV DNA was measured in plasma specimens of newly reported ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients by quantitative PCR. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate CMV viremia correlations among the individuals.Results:Of 612 HIV/AIDS patients, 480 (78.4%) were male, 125 (20.4%) were over 60 years old, 177 (28.9%) were infected via homosexual transmission, and 430 (70.3%) via heterosexual transmission. The prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV/AIDS patients was 13.4% (82/612). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CMV viremia in CD 4+ lymphocyte cells counts (CD 4+) ≤200 cells/μl group was higher than CD 4 counts >500 cells/μl ( OR=5.10, 95% CI:1.74-14.96, P=0.003); The median CMV DNA level (log 10) of 82 viremic patients was 1.57 ( P 25, P 75:1.04,2.13); Viremic patients with CD 4 counts ≤200 cells/μl had the highest CMV viral load ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Among ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients, the prevalence of CMV viremia was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between CMV viremia and the course of HIV infection.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among HIV-infected individuals by Meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for the information about the prevalence of plasma CMV viremia among HIV-infected individuals published from 2011 to 2020. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled prevalence after literature screening and data extraction.Results:Fifteen studies were included, and the total sample size was 5 076. The random effect model showed that the pooled prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV-infected individuals was 26.2% (95% CI: 16.8%-35.6%, I2=99%); Subgroup analysis and Meta-regression showed that the sources of heterogeneity among different studies were: the proportion of individuals aged >30 years in sample, the proportion of homosexual transmission in the sample, the proportion of individuals whose HIV viral load > 10 4 copies/ml, the proportion of individuals whose CD4 +T lymphocyte counts <200 cells/μl. Conclusion:Among HIV-infected individuals, the prevalence of CMV viremia was high and might be associated with age, HIV transmission mode, the status of HIV/AIDS.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatment strategies and outcomes of patients with Moyamoya disease and lenticulostriate artery (LSA) aneurysm rupture. Methods Patients with moyamoya disease and LSA aneurysm rupture admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicine School from October 2012 to March 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. They were followed up for 1 year. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the outcomes, and 0-2 was defined as good outcome. The demographic characteristics, image anatomical features, treatment schemes, and outcomes of the patients were summarized. The Pubmed database was used to retrieve other similar studies, which combined with this group of cases for analysis. Results A total of 10 patients were enrolled, 2 males and 8 females, aged 29-72 years, with an average of 43. 6 years. All cases were intracranial hemorrhage, including 3 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 6 cases of ventricular hemorrhage, and 1 case of subarachnoid hemorrhage. At the time of admission, 7 patients had disturbance of consciousness, and 3 patients underwent emergency extraventricular drainage. Among them, 5 patients received endovascular embolization, 4 had good outcome, 1 had mild neurological deficit (mRS score 3); 2 received surgical treatment, all had good outcome; 3 received conservative treatment, all had re-bleeding, 2 died, and 1 had severe disability (mRS score 4). Fourteen eligible articles were included, and a total of 18 patients were included in the analysis: surgical treatment in 7 cases, endovascular treatment in 6 cases, and conservative treatment in 5 cases (self-healing in 1 case). According to the data of this group of patients and literature reports, the good outcome rate of the patients with early interventional embolization or craniotomy clipping treatment was significantly higher than that of conservative treatment (70. 6％vs. 22. 2％; P = 0. 038). Conclusion There is a certain risk of conservative treatment of Moyamoya disease complicated with LSA aneurysm rupture and requires active treatment. Interventional embolization of the parent artery or surgically clipping of aneurysm can effectively improve the clinical outcome of such patients. Interventional embolization of the parent artery and aneurysm can be selected simultaneously if the condition of the parent artery is allowed. Surgery can be selected when the condition of parent artery is poor and the aneurysm is located in the superficial part.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on the PC12 cell model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and to explore its mechanism . Methods Amyloid beta peptide 1-42(Aβ1-42)fiber polymers were identified by immunofluorescence. After PC12 cells were stimulated with the Aβ1-42 fiber polymers, the cellular morphology was observed at different time points of hour 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 , and the cellular viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay to monitor the modeling condition. The effect of PCA on PC12 cells was detected after PC12 cells were pretreated with the different contentions of PCA. Autophagy-related marker Beclin1 protein level was detected by Western blotting method to investigate the protective mechanism of PCA. Results Aggregated white Aβ1-42 mass was stable at hour 12 and 24, and showed no significant difference between the two time points, the cell damage rate being 40%. Therefore, we defined culturing time being 12 and 24 hours as the modeling condition of AD model. The cell viability was increased with 200-800 μmol/L of PCA after culturing for 24 hours(P<0.01) , and the Western blotting results showed that the Beclin1 protein expression was up-regulated by PCA. Conclusion PCA prevents PC12 cells from Aβ1-42-induced toxicity, the mechanism being related with the increase of cellular autophagy.