Objective To investigate the potential of a two-component model combining T2 and diffusion weighted imaging(T2-DWI)in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods Thirty-two prostate cancer patients and twenty prostatic hyperplasia patients underwent combined T2-DWI,with TE values set at 50 ms and 70 ms and b values at 50 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2,respectively.This provided four measurements for each voxel.The signal fractions were calculated from the slow component(SFslow)extracted from the two-component model of T2-DWI,which was fitted with two free parameters.The results were compared with the traditional single exponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)model.Results A significant difference was observed between SFslow(0.77±0.14 vs 0.35±0.10)and ADC[(0.91±0.24)μm2/ms vs(1.98±0.32)μm2/ms]in region of interest(ROI)between peripheral zone tumors and normal prostate tissue(P＜0.001).No significant difference was found between SFslow(0.75±0.13 vs 0.68±0.11)and ADC[(0.88±0.18)μm2/ms vs(0.97±0.13)μm2/ms]in ROI between non-peripheral zone tumors and prostatic hyperplasia.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)for distinguishing tumors from prostate voxels was 0.962 for two-component SFslow and 0.940 for single exponential ADC models.The Spearman correlation coefficients between tumor SFslow and ADC with Gleason scores were 0.631 and-0.558,respectively.Conclusion SF estimation based on T2-DWI two-component model can effectively differentiate tumors from normal prostate tissue,showing potential in diagnosing prostate cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of exogenous calcium-binding protein S100A4 on prolifera-tion,survival and migration functions of glioma cells.Methods:Pan-cancer dataset was downloaded from UCSC database for the analysis of S100A4 expression and prognosis in pan-cancer,and transcriptome and clinical data of glioma patients were downloaded from CGGA database.Prognosis and progression of S100A4 expression in glioma patients were analyzed by R software.S100A4 protein network interaction of glioma patients were addressed by online analytical tools GEPIA and STRING.Human glioma cell lines(U87 and U251)were cultured in vitro,and the experiment was divided into 3 groups:PBS group,S100A4 group and S100A4+TAK242 group[Resa-torvid(TAK242)was a specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)].Flow cytometry was used to detect proliferation and apopto-sis of glioma cells.Wound healing assay,Transwell assay and clone formation assay were used to detect migration and proliferation ability of U87 and U251 cells,and Western blot was used to detect levels of TLR4 protein and NF-κB related signaling proteins.Results:Bioinformatics results showed that S100A4 was significantly upregulated in multiple tumours(P<0.05),which included glio-blastoma(GBM),lower grade glioma(LGG),stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD),liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC),etc,with poorer prognosis in GBM and LGG.Compared with glioma patients with low expression of S1004,high expression S100A4 in glioma patients had shorter survival and higher degree of WHO classification.In addition,S100A4 protein in glioma patients may interact with Annexin A2(ANXA2),TLR4 and advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor(AGER)proteins.In cellular experiments,U87 and U251 cells showed enhanced proliferation and migration,and significantly up-regulated levels of TLR4,p-ERK1/2,p-p38 and p-p65 proteins after exogenous S100A4 treatment compared to PBS group(P<0.05),while glioma cells in S100A4+TAK242 group showed weaker proliferation and migration,and lower TLR4,p-p38 and p-p65 protein levels than those in S100A4 group,TLR4,p-ERK1/2,p-p38,p-p65 protein levels were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:S100A4 may regulate func-tion of glioma proliferation,migration and survival through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate potential mechanisms of Niclosamide,a calcium-binding protein S100A4 inhibitor,in regulating inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells.Methods:Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were cultured in vitro and stimulated by LPS or Niclosamide-pretreatment.Inflammatory cytokines and potential signaling molecules expressions were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Intracellular ROS level was quantified by fluorescent probe.Results:Increased ROS level was observed in LPS-stimulated and Niclosamide-pretreatment cells(P<0.05).Compared with control group,mRNA and protein expressions of S100A4 were increased(P<0.05),TLR4/STAT3,MAPK1/3/SIRT1,NF-κB/IKKβ/p65 mRNA expressions were increased(P<0.05),inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6,tight junction Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expressions were increased after LPS-treatment(P<0.05),whereas these genetic expressions were downregulated by Niclosamide-pretreatment(P<0.05),except for TLR4/MAPK1 and NF-κB/IKKβ/p65(P>0.05).Western blot showed that compared with control group,LPS-stimulation promoted protein expressions of S100A4,STAT3,MAPK3/SIRT1,IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05),while downregulated protein expression of Occludin.Compared with LPS group,niclosamide-pretreatment downregulated protein expressions of S100A4,STAT3,MAPK3/SIRT1,IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05),while restored protein expression of Occludin(P<0.05).Conclusion:Calcium-binding protein S100A4 inhibitor Niclosamide can alleviate S100A4 expression and inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells,which is poten-tially related to STAT3 or MAPK3/SIRT1 signaling.

Irreversible electroporation(IRE)technology may induce cell apoptosis without generating thermal effect nor vascular structure injuries through electric fields,which has better therapeutic effect when combining with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy,hence becoming a new option of treating malignant tumors.The mechanisms of IRE and relative research progresses for treating malignant tumors were reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the alterations in gray matter volume(GMV)in adolescents with bipolar disorder(BD).Methods 36 BD patients(BD group)and 37 healthy controls(HC group)who underwent magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for artificial visual inspection in Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital,School of Medicine,Westlake University from September 2019 to December 2021 were selected.Structural MRI data were processed by using FreeSurferv6.0.0,and statistical analysis were conducted by using SPSS 26.0 and R language software.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve were employed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of various brain regions.Results Compared to HC group,patients in BD group exhibited significant reductions in GMV in the right superior frontal gyrus,right nucleus accumbens,left insula,right lateral orbitofrontal cortex,and right medial orbitofrontal cortex(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis indicated that area under the curve(AUC)for the right superior frontal gyrus and right nucleus accumbens were 0.739 and 0.712 respectively,while the combined AUC for multiple brain regions was 0.820.Conclusion Adolescents with BD show significant reductions in GMV in specific brain regions,provide reference for the early identification and pathological mechanism research of BD.

Objective:A prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical research was conducted to explore the diagnostic value of the new optical staining technology for domestic endoscope, spectral focused imaging (SFI) and variable intelligent staining technology (VIST), for gastric precancerous lesions.Methods:Patients who intended to undergo gastroscopy between August 2020 and May 2021 were randomly divided into the white light group and the new optical staining group at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. A sequential examination method was applied (white light to new optical staining or new optical staining to white light). The endoscopic diagnostic results and the detection results of Helicobacter pylori ( HP) of the two groups were recorded. At the same time, such five variables as gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, fold enlargement, nodular gastritis and diffuse redness were evaluated for the risk of gastric cancer in the two groups. Results:A total of 419 cases were enrolled, including 208 cases in the white light group and 211 cases in the new optical staining group. Compared with pathological findings, the detection rates of gastric inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and advanced cancer lesions in the white light group were 28.9%, 40.4%, 64.9%, 17.8%, 0.5% and 0.5% respectively; while those in the new optical staining group were 30.8%, 42.7%, 62.6%, 15.2%, 2.8% and 0.5%. There were no significant differences in the detection rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with pathology, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for gastric mucosal atrophy in the white light group were 92.9%, 61.3%, 74.0%, 61.9% and 92.7% respectively and those in the new optical staining group (SFI mode) were 94.4%, 64.5%, 77.3%, 66.4% and 94.0% respectively. The above 5 measures for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia were 68.1%, 72.6%, 69.7%, 82.1% and 55.2% in the white light group, and 87.1%, 89.9%, 88.2%, 93.5% and 80.7% in the new optical staining group (VIST mode), with significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). In terms of HP infection with 13C-urea breath test ( 13C-UBT) results as the gold standard, the above 5 measures were 90.2%, 84.3%, 87.4%, 86.8% and 88.2% in the white light group and 92.6%, 77.1%, 85.4%, 82.2% and 90.1% in the new optical staining group respectively. The proportion of high-risk gastric lesions in the new optical staining group was higher in cases of a gastric cancer risk score≥ 4 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy has higher diagnostic value for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia. Gastroscopy is helpful for the detection of precancerous lesions with gastric cancer risk score as a tool. The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy is similar to imported endoscopy in diagnosing gastric precancerous lesions and HP infection, which is an effective means to detect gastric mucosal precancerous lesions.

OBJECTIVE：To st udy preventive effect and mec hanism of ginsenoside Rg 1 on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury（CIRI）model rats. METHODS ：Totally 78 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ，model group ， butylphthalide control group （positive control ，10 mL/kg），ginsenoside Rg 1 low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （10， 20，40 mg/kg），with 13 rats in each group. Administration groups were give relevant medicine intraperitoneally ，sham operation group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intraperitoneally ，once a day ，for consecutive 7 d. After medication，except for the sham operation group ，focal CIRI model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） method in other groups. After modeling ，neurological deficit scoring was performed according to the modified neurological difict scoring standard ； TTC staining was used to detected the percentage of cerebral infarction of rats ；the cerebral water content was measured by dry/wet weight method ；serum contents of IL- 1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA ；the protein expressions of p-p 38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 in cerebral tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. RESULTS ： Compared with sham operation ，neurological deficits score ，percentage of cerebral infarction and cerebral water content ，serum contents of IL- 1β and IL-6，positive expression numbers of cells and protein expressions of p-p 38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 in cerebral tissue were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，above index levels of administration groups were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the effect of ginsenoside Rg 1 had a dose-dependent trend ；there was no significant difference of all above indexes between ginsenoside Rg 1 middle-dose，high-dose groups and butylphthalide control group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Ginsenoside Rg 1 has a certain preventive effect on focal CIRI model rats ，the mechanism of which may be associated with down-regulating the protein expression of p-p 38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65，inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors such as IL- 1β and IL-6.

A 25-year-old man with extensive burn due to industrial dust explosion was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University on 16th October, 2018. Four days after the first skin grafting and vacuum sealing drainage surgery, the patient developed signs of uncontrolled severe inflammation and shock. However, several atypical manifestations interfered the diagnosis of septic shock. After giving emergency treatment including fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and administration of vasopressor agents, the patient′s condition was alleviated, but quickly relapsed and deteriorated, with acute pulmonary edema appeared in the evening of the same day. Finally, the condition was reversed by completely removing the negative pressure devices on upper limbs and thorough dressing change. This case suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of infection in patients with extensive burn need comprehensive analysis. Timely intervention of the wound is the key to control the exacerbation of sepsis. In addition, the possibility of pulmonary edema in patients with sepsis should be on high alert.

Pre-testing preparation is the basis and starting point of genetic testing.The process includes collection of clinical information,formulation of testing scheme,genetic counseling before testing,and completion of informed consent and testing authorization.To effectively identify genetic diseases in clinics can greatly improve the diagnostic rate of next generation sequencing (NGS),thereby reducing medical cost and improving clinical efficacy.The analysis of NGS results relies,to a large extent,on the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations,therefore it is particularly important to collect and evaluate clinical phenotypes and describe them in uniform standard terms.Different types of genetic diseases or mutations may require specific testing techniques,which can yield twice the result with half the effort.Pre-testing genetic counseling can help patients and their families to understand the significance of relevant genetic testing,formulate individualized testing strategies,and lay a foundation for follow-up.

With high accuracy and precision,next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided a powerful tool for clinical testing of genetic diseases.To follow a standardized experimental procedure is the prerequisite to obtain stable,reliable,and effective NGS data for the assistance of diagnosis and/or screening of genetic diseases.At a conference of genetic testing industry held in Shanghai,May 2019,physicians engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases,experts engaged in clinical laboratory testing of genetic diseases and experts from third-party genetic testing companies have fully discussed the standardization of NGS procedures for the testing of genetic diseases.Experts from different backgrounds have provided opinions for the operation and implementation of NGS testing procedures including sample collection,reception,preservation,library construction,sequencing and data quality control.Based on the discussion,a consensus on the standardization of the testing procedures in NGS laboratories is developed with the aim to standardize NGS testing and accelerate implementation of NGS in clinical settings across China.