Objective:To explore the association between different feeding patterns, emotional states, and salivary oxytocin (OT) levels during breastfeeding.Methods:From January to December 2019, 153 pairs of 3-month-old infants and their mothers were recruited from 4 maternal and child health hospitals in Chongqing, Liuzhou, Dalian and Hangzhou in China.Saliva samples were collected from the mothers at the first 5 minutes of feeding, 5 minutes during feeding, and 10 minutes after feeding.Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate maternal depression.Infants were divided into exclusive breastfeeding group and artificial feeding group according to feeding patterns.ELISA of salivary oxytocin was performed by ELISA kits, and the OT levels measured at the 3 time points were converted using linear interpolation.Area under the curve with respect to ground(OTAUCG) was used to represent the total concentration of salivary OT during the mother's breastfeeding.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Multiple linear regression analysis and two factors analysis of variance were used to explore the association between different feeding methods, emotional state and salivary oxytocin during breastfeeding.Results:The results of the two factors analysis of variance showed that the interaction between feeding pattern and mother's emotion was not significant ( F=2.440, P=0.120), the main effect of mother's emotion was not significant ( F=0.380, P=0.539), and the main effect of feeding style was significant ( F=3.350, P=0.021). The level of OTAUCG under pure breastfeeding ((151 561.47±75 738.11) pg/mL) was higher than that under artificial feeding ((122 269.03±65 029.88) pg/mL), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in OTAUCG levels between mothers with normal emotions ((146 106.37±75 106.76) pg/mL) and mothers with depressed emotions ((129 079.56±67 565.87) pg/mL) ( P=0.221). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that artificial feeding had a negative predictive effect on maternal salivary OT levels compared to exclusive breastfeeding( β=-0.211, t=-2.513, P=0.013). Conclusion:Feeding pattern is a factor that affects the mother's salivary OT level, and breastfeeding can improve the mother's OT level.

Objective To investigate the normal reference values of abdominal aorta and its branches in Southwest China, so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods The length, diameter and angle of the abdominal aorta and its branches were measured in 20 cadavers. At the same time, 300 cases without obvious pathological changes in four urban populations were selected for abdominal CT angiography (CTA) to measure the length, diameter and angle of abdominal aorta and its branches. Results Display rate of abdominal aorta was 100%,the average length of abdominal aorta was (12.96±0.81) cm, the diameter of abdominal aorta was (1.93±0.28) cm, (1.55±0.23) cm, (1.61±0.19) cm in renal artery plane (Ⅰ), inferior mesenteric artery plane (Ⅱ) and lower edge plane of lumbar vertebrae (Ⅲ), and the average value on image was (2.17 ± 0.42) cm, (1.81 ± 0.40) cm, (1.99 ± 0.53) cm; Display rate of common iliac artery was 100%, the angle between left and right common iliac artery was (59.80± 4.66) ° and the diameter of the end was (1.16±0.33) cm and (1.12±0.11) cm; Display rate of celiac trunk on cadaver was 100%, the average length was (1.61±0.27) cm, the average diameter on cadaver was (0.78±0.71) cm, the image was (0.88± 0.31) cm; Display rate of renal artery was 100%, the average length of the left renal artery was (2.58 ± 0.50) cm, that of the right was (4.26±0.65) cm, the initial average diameter of the left renal artery was (0.55±0.24) cm, and the right renal artery was (0.62±0.20) cm; Display rate of the superior mesenteric artery was (100%), that of the on cadaver was (4.56 ± 0.29) cm, that of the image was (4.93 ± 0.84) cm, and that of the angle between the abdominal aorta was (38.05±5.99)°; Display rate of the inferior mesenteric artery was (100%),the average length of the inferior mesenteric artery was (6.57±0.79) cm on the cadaver, the image was (6.70±0.76) cm, and that of the angle between the abdominal aorta was (73.79 ± 9.62) ° and the initial diameter was (0.48 ± 0.29) cm. Conclusion The normal reference values of abdominal aorta and its visceral branches in Southwest China population were measured. CTA has a special advantage in showing the lesions of abdominal aorta and its branches in lumen, extraluminal and vascular wall, which can provide anatomical data of patients before operation.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of the construction of urban unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) blood distribution system, and to provide a novel way for the distribution of emergency blood.Methods:The study was completed in Hangzhou from April 2019 to January 2021, and the main participants were from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Blood Center and Hangzhou Fast Ant Network Technology Co., Ltd. Firstly, an unmanned aircraft delivery system was built for urban emergency blood and a special blood storage box for drones were developed. The drone was used to deliver blood products from Zhejiang Province Blood Center to Binjiang Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the following indicators were obtained: (1) flight time of the drone blood delivery; (2) real-time temperature of blood products during transportation; (3) Baidu map software was used to measure the blood delivery time of road traffic, which was compared with the flight time of the drone.Results:The urban drone blood delivery system consists of intelligent logistics drones, cryogenic blood storage tanks, unmanned logistics hub stations, and cloud-based operation control platforms. The drone route distance from Zhejiang Provincial Blood Center to Binjiang Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine was 2.36±0.06 km, and the ground distance was 5.8 km, with 27 flights from April 12, 2019 to January 29, 2021, and the drone flight time was, shorter than the road travel time for a round trip [(6.37±0.35) min vs. (17.00±1.94) min]. At different time points of the day, UAV blood delivery could save 15.98-4.28 min, with an average saving of 10.62±1.87 min. Conclusions:Urban UAV blood delivery systems have the advantages of being fast, unaffected by ground traffic conditions, and can ensure the safety of blood products during transportation, and are worthy of further exploration.

Objective? To summarize the nursing experience for 6 patients receiving wireless pacemaker implantation. Methods? The nursing experience for 6 patients who received wireless pacemaker implantation for the first time in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from August to October 2018. The nursing highlights included preoperative nursing, operative nursing, postoperative monitoring, nursing, follow-up and education. Results? 2 of the 6 patients sustained atrial fibrillation combined with long pause, and 4 sustained atrionector lesion combined with incidental long pause. The threshold value and perception of pace-making was sound and the impedance was ideal during operation. No complication was found during and post operation. The surgical time for implanting wireless pacemakers was short and the patients' appearance was not affected. Their mental burden was relatively light. Nursing procedures were simpler than the those for traditional pacemakers. Conclusion? Wireless pacemakers reduce airbag and wire-related complications and is promising in clinical use. But nursing experience needs to be observed clinically and summarized.

Objective: To investigate the early intervention effects of metoprolol on connexin 43(Cx43) and phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) expression in rabbits with post myocardial infarction. Methods: A total of 24 adult male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into sham group (n=6), early treatment group(n=6), routine treatment group(n=6), and myocardial infarction group(n=6) with a randomized block design blocked by weight. Myocardial infarction was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. Rabbits in sham group received similar surgical procedure without LAD ligation. Metoprolol (12.5 mg/kg dissolved in 2 ml distilled water) was applied to rabbits in early treatment group and routine treatment group per gavage immediately after recovery from anesthesia and at 24 hours after myocardial infarction, respectively, then treated daily for 40 days. Rabbits in sham group and myocardial infarction group received 2 ml distilled water per gavage daily for 40 days. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) level were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer after 6 hours in all rabbits. Ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was measured in vivo by bipolar pacing electrodes at 40 days. Cx43 and p-Cx43 distribution in ventricular tissue was detected by immunofluorescence analyses. Cx43 and p-Cx43 protein level in ventricular tissue was determined by Western blot. Results: (1) Plasma LDH ((851.7±85.9)U/L vs. (332.3±39.6)U/L, P<0.01) and CK ((1 192.7±105.3)U/L vs. (462.3±65.6)U/L, P<0.01) were significantly higher in myocardial infarction group than in sham group (both P<0.01). (2) VFT was significantly lower in myocardial infarction group than that in sham group ((470.0±91.0) beats per minute vs. (683.3±60.9) beats per minute, P<0.05), and VFT was significantly higher in early treatment group ((633.3±43.2) beats per minute) and routine treatment group ((645.0±30.8) beats per minute) than in the myocardial infarction group (both P<0.05). (3) Immunofluorescence analyses showed that Cx43 was mainly localized in the intercalated disk, which was perpendicular to the cell long axis with linear arrangement, and less lateral distribution in sham group, early treatment group and routine treatment group, which was significantly different as the case in the myocardial infarction group. The expression of p-Cx43 in myocardial infarction group was less than in sham group, which was significantly upregulated in in early treatment group and routine treatment group when compared with myocardial infarction group, and expression of p-Cx43 was significantly higher in early treatment group than in routine treatment group. (4)The p-Cx43/Cx43 ratio of protein was significantly lower in myocardial infarction group than in sham group (0.165±0.011 vs. 0.363±0.046, P<0.05), and significantly higher in early treatment group (0.720±0.063) and routine treatment group (0.364±0.030) than in myocardial infarction group (both P<0.05), and this ratio was significantly higher in early treatment group than in routine treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Metoprolol treatment, especially the early metoprolol treatment (within 24 hours after LAD ligation), could significantly improve VFT by ameliorating the distribution and dephosphorylation of myocardial Cx43 in rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction.

Objective To explore the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the changes of the respiration and blood circulation as well as peripheral blood cytokines levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Methods 48 SAP patients complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome were divided into control group and CRRT treatment group according to the parallel control design principle.The control group was treated with routine way,and the CRRT treatment group was treated with CRRT on the basis of routine way.The clinical data and the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of IL-6,TNF-α were significantly lower in the CRRT treatment group than those in the control group in 12h [(147.72 ± 22.06) ng/L vs.(132.27 ± 18.03) ng/L,t =2.315,P＜0.05;(236.08 ±41.29) ng/L vs.(208.79±39.25)ng/L,t =2.406,P ＜0.05].The levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α were significantly lower in the CRRT treatment group than those in the control group in 24h [(136.57 ± 30.74) ng/L vs.(109.98 ± 35.83) ng/L,t =2.184,P ＜ 0.05;(35.76 ± 8.57) ng/L vs.(28.96 ±3,95) ng/L,t =2.237,P ＜0.05;(219.81 ±36.06) ng/L vs.(173.48 ±48.19) ng/L,t =2.206,P ＜0.05].The level of PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher in the CRRT treatment group than that in the control group in 24h[(139.89 ±35,61) vs.(173.12 ±21.84),t =2.913,P ＜0.01].The levels of Ppeak,IL-1β were significantly lower in the CRRT treatment group than those in the control group in 48h [(28.96 ± 4.14) cmH2 O vs.(24.73 ± 8.52) cmH2 O,t =2.518,P ＜0.05;(29.87 ±5.12) ng/L vs.(23.57 ±3.91) ng/L,t =2.427,P ＜0.05].The levels of IL-6,TNF-αwere significantly lower in the CRRT treatment group than those in the control group in 48h [(117.60 ± 23.46) ng/L vs.(88.56 ± 13.02) ng/L,t =3.062,P ＜ 0.01;(205.25 ± 46.14) ng/L vs.(141.63 ± 33.80) ng/L,t =3.174,P ＜0.01].The level of PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher in the CRRT treatment group than that in the control group in 48h [(148.07 ± 25.64) vs.(193.23 ± 29.60),t =2.983,P ＜ 0.01].There were no significant differences between the control group and CRRT treatment group in PaO2/FiO2,Ppeak,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α before treatment [(103.68±29.65) vs.(107.07 ±25.13),t =0.359,P ＞0.05;(34.62 ±7.36)cmH2O vs.(35.18 ±4.04)cmH2O,t =0.416,P ＞0.05;(152.61 ±31.53)ng/L vs (150.74 ±30.26) ng/L,t =0.668,P ＞0.05;(40.06 ±5.15) ng/L vs.(38.09 ±10.13) ng/L,t =0.819,P ＞0.05;(226.85 ±37.62) ng/L vs.(225.47 ±39.02) ng/L,t =0,702,P＞0.05].Conclusion CRRT can effectively reduce the plasma levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α in SAP patients complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome,it has therapeutic effect on the respiration through changing the cytokines of SAP patients complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of miR-33b in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore regulatory mechanism of miR-33b for cell proliferation of HCC.
 METHODS: HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected for this study (n=32 for each). Real-time PCR and Western blot were conducted to examine the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the target relationship between miR-33b and Sal-like 4 (SALL4).
 RESULTS: MiR-33b was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-33b decreased the proliferation of HCC LH86 cells. SALL4 was identified as a target gene of miR-33b, and its protein expression was negatively regulated by miR-33b. Overexpression of SALL4 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-33b on LH86 cell proliferation. SALL4 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues.
 CONCLUSION The miR-33b suppresses HCC cell proliferation through down-regulation of SALL4.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Up-Regulation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between estrogen receptor-α-29 (ERα-29) gene polymorphisms and the development of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Gansu Province, China, and to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC at the gene level. MethodsGene polymorphisms of ERα-29 were analyzed in 106 HBV-related HCC patients and 98 healthy individuals as normal controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Population allele frequencies were calculated using the gene counting method and then tested using the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium. Comparisons of genotype and allele frequencies between groups were performed using the χ2 test. ResultsThe frequencies of TT genotype and T allele of ERα-29 gene in HBV-related HCC patients were significantly higher than those in the normal controls, i.e., 31.1% and 53.8% vs. 11.2% and 32.1% (χ2 = 3.449, P＜0.05; χ2 = 3.840, P＜0.05). In contrast, the frequencies of CC genotype and C allele of ERα-29 gene in HBV-related HCC patients were significantly lower than those in the normal controls, i.e., 23.6% and 46.2% vs. 47.0% and 67.9% (χ2 = 3.488, P＜0.05; χ2 = 3.840, P＜0.05). Compared with those carrying C allele, carriers of T allele had an increased risk (2.46-fold) of HBV-related HCC (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.64-3.69). Conclusion T allele of ERα-29 gene can increase the risk of HBV-related HCC.

BACKGROUND:Schatzker V, VI fracture often causes the injuries to cruciate ligament, col ateral ligaments and meniscus. Moreover, the col apse and shifting were severe. The locking plate on one side cannot support the weight or obtain satisfactory reduction. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects and stability of the dual-incision double-plate fixation and knee midline incision locking plate fixation in the treatment of Schatzker V, VI tibial plateau fracture. METHODS:A total of 76 patients with Schatzker V, VI tibial plateau fracture were respectively treated with locking plate fixation (n=38) and dual-incision double-plate fixation (n=38). Fracture reduction and healing were assessed using anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Varus angle and medial caster angle of tibial plateau received biomechanical measurement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hospital stay and postoperative load time were significantly less in the dual-incision double-plate fixation group than in the locking plate fixation group (P<0.05). No significant difference in healing time was detected between locking plate fixation and dual-incision double-plate fixation groups (P>0.05). The number of complications, such as ankylosis, fracture delayed union, pin tract infection, delayed union, varus deformity, was significantly fewer in the dual-incision double-plate fixation group than in the locking plate fixation group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the fracture of loosening, knee instability, wound infection, skin necrosis, bone necrosis and nonunion between the dual-incision double-plate fixation and locking plate fixation groups (P>0.05). Postoperative Rasmussen classification was significantly better in the dual-incision double-plate fixation group than in the locking plate fixation group (P<0.05). Experimental results indicated that the clinical efficacy of the dual-incision double-plate fixation is superior to that of the anterior cruciate midline incision locking plate fixation in the treatment of Schatzker V, VI type tibial plateau fractures. The dual-incision double-plate fixation has more biomechanical stability.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of typical reflux symptoms in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods Consecutive patients older than 16 years,who initially visited department of gastroenterology at clinic of Peking University Third Hospital from May 9,2012 to Dec 31,2012,were required to complete a self-reported GERD questionnaire.Upper endoscopy was performed in some selected patients.Results A total of 18 987 patients were enrolled with a response rate of 91.5％.The prevalence of symptom-defined GERD was 13.6％ (2 579/18 987).A total of 4 357 (22.9％) patients underwent the upper endoscopy,and the diagnostic rates of reflux esophagitis,Barrett's esophagus,peptic ulcer disease,and upper gastrointestinal malignancy were 13.1％ (572/4 357),1.8％ (78/4 357),10.5％ (456/4 357),and 1.7％ (75/4 357),respectively.The incidence of reflux esophagitis was 22.7％ (216/951) in patients with reflux symptoms and 10.5％ (356/3 406) (P ＜0.001) in patients without reflux symptoms,2.7％ (26/951) and 1.5 ％ (52/3 406),respectively (P =0.013) for Barrett's esophagus; 6.8％ (65/951) and 11.5％ (391/3 406),respectively (P＜0.001) for peptic ulcer disease; 1.7％ (16/951) and 1.7％ (59/3 406),respectively (P =0.917) for upper gastrointestinal malignancy.Conclusions GERD is one of the major diseases at gastroenterology clinic.Typical reflux symptoms suggest a diagnosis of GERD.But some patients with peptic ulcer disease or upper gastrointestinal malignancy can also present typical reflux symptoms.Upper endoscopy is valuable to avoid the misdiagnosis of other disorders.