Sleep occupies one-third of a person's lifetime and is a necessary condition for maintaining physiological function and health. With the increase in social and economic pressures, the growing use of electronic devices and the accelerated aging process of the population, insufficient sleep and its hazards have drawn widespread attention from researchers in China and abroad. Sleep deprivation refers to a decrease in sleep or a severe lack of sleep due to various reasons. Previous studies have found that sleep deprivation can cause extensive damage to the body, including an increased incidence and mortality rate of neuropathic diseases in the brain, cardiovascular diseases, imbalances in the gut microbiota, and other multi-organ diseases. The mechanisms underlying the occurrence of multi-system and multi-organ diseases due to sleep deprivation mainly involve oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and impaired immune function in the body. According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), sleep deprivation falls into the category of sleepiness, and long-term sleepiness leads to Yin-Yang imbalance, resulting in the consumption of Qi and damage to the five Zang-organs. The appropriate treatment should focus on tonifying deficiency, reinforcing healthy Qi, and harmonizing Yin and Yang. TCM is characterized by a wide variety and abundant resources, and it has minimal side effects and a broad range of applications. Numerous studies have shown that TCM drugs and prescriptions not only improve sleep but also have beneficial effects on liver nourishment, intelligence enhancement, and kidney tonification, effectively preventing and treating the body injury caused by sleep deprivation. Given the increasing prevalence of sleep deprivation and its significant impact on body health, this article reviewed sleep deprivation-mediated body injury and its mechanism, summarized and categorized TCM compound prescriptions and single drugs for preventing and treating body injury, with the aim of laying the foundation for researchers to develop effective drugs for preventing and treating body injury caused by sleep deprivation and providing references for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the body injury caused by sleep deprivation.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Sleep Deprivation/drug therapy* ; Sleepiness ; Yin-Yang ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different treatment methods of "soothing liver， invigorating spleen， soothing liver and invigorating spleen， soothing liver first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， as well as invigorating spleen first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen" on liver depression combined with liver injury in rats and their action mechanisms. MethodA six-week rat model of liver depression combined with liver injury was established by restraint stress and subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄， 5.89 g·kg^-1， once every three days）. At the same time， the drugs were given by gavage. Forty-eight male SD rats of clean grade were randomly divided into eight groups， namely the normal group， model group， bicyclol （0.2 g·kg^-1） group， Sinisan （4.32 g·kg^-1） group， Liu Junzitang （9.26 g·kg^-1） group， Chaishao Liu Junzitang A （Chai A， soothing liver and invigorating spleen，13.57 g·kg^-1） group， Chaishao Liu Junzitang B （Chai B， soothing liver first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， 13.57 g·kg^-1） group， and Chaishao Liu Junzitang C （Chai C， invigorating spleen first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， 13.57 g·kg^-1） group， with six rats in each group. The pathological changes in liver and colon tissues of each group were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. The serum biochemical indexes of the liver were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The relative mRNA expression levels of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 （TGR5） and intestinal mucosal zona occluden-1 （ZO-1）， Occludin， and Claudin-1 in the liver and colon were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The positive expression rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in the colon was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group exhibited significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， and direct bilirubin （DBIL） （P<0.01）， lowered TGR5 mRNA expression in liver tissue， up-regulated TGR5 mRNA expression in the colon tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated ZO-1， Occludin， and tight junction protein-1 (Claudin-1) mRNA expression and PCNA in the colon tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， bicyclol and Chai C remarkably decreased the levels of serum ALP， ALT， AST， TBIL， and DBIL （P<0.05，P<0.01）， while Liu Junzitang， Chai A， Chai B， and Chai C significantly up-regulated the TGR5 mRNA expression in the liver and down-regulated its expression in the colon （P<0.01）. Bicyclol， Chai A， Chai B， and Chai C enhanced the ZO-1 and Claudin-1 mRNA expression in the colon （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Bicyclol， Sinisan， and Chai C increased PCNA expression （P<0.01）. The comparison with the Chai C group showed that the TGR5 mRNA expression in the liver and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the colon of the bicyclol and Sinisan groups were lower， whereas the TGR5 mRNA expression in the colon was higher （P<0.01）. However， the PCNA expression in the colon of the Liu Junzitang and Chai B groups declined significantly （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn the presence of liver injury， invigorating spleen first helps to relieve the liver injury， and the efficacy of "spleen-invigorating" therapy in increasing the intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins and improving the gastrointestinal function is related to its activation of TGR5 to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function， promote the renewal of intestinal stem cells， and drive the regeneration after injury.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of therapeutic effects on children with thalassemia at different age after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: The clinical data of children with thalassemia treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into 2-5 years old group and 6-12 years old group. The success rate of implantation, transplant-related mortality, GVHD incidence, and other transplant-related complications, as well as thalassemia-free survival (TFS) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of GVHD, hemorrhagic cystitis and severe oral mucositis after transplantation in the 2-5 years old group were significantly lower than those in the 6-12 years old group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the TFS between the two groups. CONCLUSION Children in the low age (2-5 years old) group show fewer complications and higher quality of life after transplantation, therefore, stem cell transplantation at 2-5 years old is more conducive to rehabilitation of the children with thalassemia.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalassemia/therapy* ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy*

Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity of Methods: Protein extracts from Results: Immunization with Conclusion This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology* ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology* ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology* ; Cross Reactions ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology* ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology* ; Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Objective To evaluate the value of serum aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and interleukin(IL)-6 levels in diagnosis and severity assessment of the preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Methods Totally 150 preterm infants with RDS who were hospitalized in our center from August 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled in this study as the RDS group. These infants were further divided into grades 1,2,3,and 4 according to chest radiography. In addition,158 preterm infants without RDS hospitalized in our center during the same period were included as the controls (control group). Serum NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA on days 1,3,and 7 after birth,and their pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was monitored as well.Results Serum NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels in RDS group were significantly higher than those in control group on day 1 (t=-91.04,P=0.000;t=-11.03,P=0.000),day 3 (t=-89.10,P=0.000;t=-9.909,P=0.000),and day 7 (t=-87.91,P=0.000;t=-8.548,P=0.000). There were significant differences in NT-proBNP levels among grades 1,2,3,and 4 on day 1 (F=50.89,P=0.000),day 3 (F=49.16,P=0.000),and day 7 (F=45.45,P=0.000),showing an increasing trend. Serum IL-6 levels showed no significant difference among grades 1,2,3,and 4 on day 1 (F=0.89,P=0.448),day 3 (F=0.76,P=0.518),and day 7 (F=0.85,P=0.469). The PAP of the RDS group on days 1,3,and 7 was (49.3±3.7),(40.1±5.4),and (39.0±2.6)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),which were significantly higher than those of the control group (35.0±2.7)mmHg (t=-90.01,P=0.000),(30.0±3.1)mmHg (t=-81.90,P=0.000),(26.0±3.0)mmHg (t=-88.89,P=0.000). Thus,there was a positive correlation between NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels (r=0.876,P=0.000) and a positive correlation between NT-proBNP and PAP (r=0.916,P=0.000) in preterm infants with RDS.Conclusion Monitoring serum NT-proBN contributes to early diagnosis and disease severity assessment in preterm infants with RDS.
Biomarkers ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-6 ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Peptide Fragments ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

Objective To develop a new algorithm to reconstruct the distribution of acoustic sources of magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI)in the acoustic inhomogeneous media,which is developed on the basis of generalized finite element method (GFEM) and modified time inversion algorithm. Methods The acoustic and acoustic coupling theory and the basic equations of acoustics were used to study the forward and inverse problems of the acoustic inhomogeneous concentric sphere magneticacoustic coupling model. The solution of acoustic non-uniform media wave equation based on GFEM was proposed.The method solved the problem of acoustically inhomogeneous media sound source reconstruction and conductivity reconstruction.At the same time,the distribution of velocity was reconstructed by rotating the pairs of transducers and the time reversal algorithm. Results The proposed algorithm could accurately reconstruct the acoustic source distribution in acoustic inhomogeneous media,and could obtain the distribution of sound velocity during the reconstruction of sound source and recover the image well. Conclusion The proposed algorithm had its feasibility and effectiveness verified,and gains advantages in MAT-MI reconstruction of acoustic inhomogeneous media.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of Jinlongshe Granule (, JLSG) on quality of life (QOL) of stage IV gastric cancer patients.

METHODSThis randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial included 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer. They were equally randomized into a JLSG group and a placebo group. Patients in both groups received routine Chinese herbal decoctions according to Chinese medicine (CM) treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in JLSG group received additional JLSG, and those in the placebo group received an additional placebo. In the JLSG group, 19 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. In the placebo group, finally the data of 20 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. The treatment course was at least 3 months, and the follow-up duration was at least 6 months in 5 interviews. Repeated measurements of the subscale items and individual items in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) obtained at the 5 interviews were compared using different patient groups, changes over time and changes within one group over time independently to observe the tendency of changes in the scores.

RESULTSUsing time as the variant, there was signifificant difference in 4 functional scales (physical, role, emotional and social, P<0.05), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting and pain,P<0.05) and a global health status/QOL scale (P<0.05) and 6 single symptoms dyspnoea (P>0.05), insomnia (P<0.05), appetite loss (P<0.05), constipation (P<0.05), diarrhea (P>0.05) and financial difficulties (P<0.05). There was also signifificant difference in these items between the two groups when the placebo group and group over time were used as variants (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdditional use of JLSG on the basis of routine CM treatment could improve the somatic function, role function, emotional function, social function, cognitive function and general QOL of patients with advanced gastric cancer, and relieve the symptoms of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, loss of appetite and constipation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Placebos ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) combined with short tandem repeat (STR) linkage analysis for the prenatal diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

METHODSGender of the fetus was first determined by the presence of Y chromosome sex-determining gene (SRY). Subsequently, combined MLPA and STR linkage analysis were applied for the probands, pregnant women and fetuses in 45 affected families.

RESULTSAmong the 45 families, 31 SRY-positive fetuses were identified, among whom six were diagnosed with DMD. For 14 SRY-negative fetuses, four were diagnosed as carriers. The remainders were normal.

CONCLUSIONMLPA can detect mutations in the exons of dystrophin gene, whilst STR linkage analysis can determine whether the fetus has inherited the maternal X chromosome bearing the mutant gene. As the result, the method can detect affected fetuses in which no exonic mutations are detected with MLPA. By combining the two methods, the diagnostic rate for DMD can be greatly improved.

Dystrophin ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole for secondary prophylaxis of previous proven or probable invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients undergoing chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in agranulocytosis state.

METHODSA phase IV prospective, open-label, multicenter trial was conducted to evaluate itraconazole (200 mg q12h intravenously d1-2, 200 mg/d) as secondary antifungal prophylaxis in patients (18-65 years old) undergoing chemotherapy or HSCT with previous proven or probable IFI. Itraconazole was started when patients' neutrophils＜1.5 × 10⁹/L, and stopped when chemotherapy patients' neutrophils ＞0.5 × 10⁹/L and stem cell transplant recipients' neutrophils＞1.0 × 10⁹/L. The primary end-point of the study was the incidence of proven, probable or possible IFI.

RESULTSSeventy one patients from November 2008 to September 2010 were enrolled in the trial. The median duration of itraconazole prophylaxis was 14 (4-35) days. No patients died of drug-related toxicity within trial. Five cases occurred IFI during the trial. The cumulative incidence of invasive fungal disease was 7.0%. One patient was withdrawn from the study due to treatment-related adverse events (liver malfunction and severe phlebitis).

CONCLUSIONItraconazole appears to be safe and effective for secondary prophylaxis of systemic fungal infection after chemotherapy and allogeneic HSCT. The observed incidence of 7.0% is considerably lower than the relapse rate reported in historical controls, suggesting that itraconazole is a promising prophylactic agent in this population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult