ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into soil-transmitted nematodiasis prevention and control in the county. Methods Congjiang County was divided into 5 areas according to geographical locations, and one township was randomly sampled from each area, followed by one administrative village randomly sampled from each township as the survey site. Two hundred permanent residents without deworming during the past three months were randomly sampled from each survey site using the random cluster sampling method. Participants’ fecal samples were collected, soil-transmitted nematode eggs were detected using the KatoKatz technique and the prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections was compared among participants. Mild, moderate and severe soil-transmitted nematode infections were classified according to eggs per gram (EPG), and the proportions of mild, moderate and severe infections were estimated. In addition, participants’ family status and household sanitary toilets construction were investigated using questionnaires. Results A total of 1 001 participants were included at 5 survey sites in Congjiang County, and the overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 19.08% (191/1 001). The prevalence rates of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infections were 2.30% (23/1 001) and 1.90% (19/1 001), with all egg-positives identified as mild infections, and the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infections was 0.10% (1/1 001). The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infections was 15.78% (158/1 001) among participants, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence among survey villages (χ² = 123.345, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence detected in Liujia Village (39.00%), followed by in Longjiang Village (18.00%). There was an age-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 166.050, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among participants at ages of 10 to 19 years (48.19%), followed by at ages of over 70 years (14.53%) and 50 to 59 years (13.04%). There was an occupation-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 74.134, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among students (32.32%), followed by among workers/migrant workers (10.34%) and farmers (10.12%). There was an educational level-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 28.761, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among participants with an educational level of primary school (21.60%), followed by among illiterate participants (12.03%). There was an ethnicity-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 42.193, P < 0.001). The proportions of mild, moderate and severe T. trichiura infections were 76.58% (121/158), 14.56% (23/158) and 3.16% (5/158), and all severe infections were identified among primary school students. T. trichiura infections were detected in 123 families, and there were 27 families (21.95%) in which two and more family members were identified with T. trichiura infections. A total of 1 001 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the prevalence rates of T. trichiura infections were 14.69% (139/964) and 34.55% (19/55) in families with and without sanitary toilets (χ² = 15.410, P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was relatively high in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, and the T. trichiura infections was notably serious. Intensified soil-transmitted nematodiasis control measures are recommended targeting primary school students, middle-aged and elderly farmers and migrant workers.

Glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL, also known as glutamine synthetase) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes ammonium and glutamate into glutamine in the ATP-dependent condensation. Although GLUL plays a critical role in multiple cancers, the expression and function of GLUL in gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we have found that the expression level of GLUL was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and correlated with N stage and TNM stage, and low GLUL expression predicted poor survival for gastric cancer patients. Knockdown of GLUL promoted the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and vice versa, which was independent of its enzyme activity. Mechanistically, GLUL competed with β-Catenin to bind to N-Cadherin, increased the stability of N-Cadherin and decreased the stability of β-Catenin by alerting their ubiquitination. Furthermore, there were lower N-Cadherin and higher β-Catenin expression levels in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. GLUL protein expression was correlated with that of N-Cadherin, and could be the independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Our findings reveal that GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progress of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND:In the process of exploring the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease,the important role of bioinformatics for common target screening has been revealed,enabling the use of its screening results as a basis for exploring the therapeutic effects of drugs on the disease. OBJECTIVE:To predict the targets of liraglutide,a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by bioinformatics and molecular biology. METHODS:DisGeNET database and SEA database were used to obtain the common genes of Alzheimer's disease and liraglutide.GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of common targets was conducted using DAVID online database.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING database.The optimal dosage of liraglutide was determined using cell counting kit-8 assay.Expression of key proteins was analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting techniques.The mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cell line was used for ex vivo experiments,and the cells were randomly divided into three groups:HT22 group,HT22+Aβ group,and HT22+Aβ+Lir group.No special treatment was done in the HT22 group,while Aβ1-42 was used to intervene in the HT22 cell line for 24 hours to construct an Aβ injury cell model in the HT22+Aβ group.In additional to modeling,liraglutide was added to the HT22+Aβ+Lir group for 12 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 3 333 genes associated with Alzheimer's disease were screened from DisGeNET database.Then 147 potential targets of liraglutide were obtained from SEA database.Finally,64 common targets of Alzheimer's disease and Liraglutide were determined using R packets.GO/KEGG analysis of common targets using DAVID online database suggested that common targets were mainly enriched in the following biological processes:neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,renin-angiotensin system,bladder cancer,endopeptidase activity,peptide receptor activity,G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity,and transport vesicles.The obtained 64 common target proteins were imported into SRTING online database for protein-protein interaction network construction,and the top three genes,matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β,were obtained.The activity of cultured cells was detected by the cell counting kit-8 kit.Liraglutide at 100 nmol/L was the optimal concentration for antagonizing Aβ1-42.In the western blot and immunofluorescence assays,the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β was significantly increased in the HT22+Aβ group compared with the HT22 group(P＜0.05)but significantly decreased in the HT22+Aβ+Lir group compared with the HT22+Aβ group(P＜0.05).To conclude,the above bioinformatics data and secondary validation of differential genes in the GEO database suggest that both matrix metalloproteinases 2,9 and interleukin 1β could be potential targets of liraglutide in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

ObjectiveThis research focused on examining the distinctive characteristics of nutrient intake and dietary patterns among long-lived elderly individuals. Additionally， the study was aimed to explore the specific dietary components that may impact the skeletal muscle mass in this particular group. MethodsThis study was conducted in the Chongming area of Shanghai， China. A total of 206 long-lived elderly individuals aged 90 or above were recruited. The 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method was used to collect dietary information and general demographic data through face-to-face interviews with professional nutritionists. The skeletal muscle mass index（SMI） was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis（BIA）， and low skeletal muscle mass was diagnosed based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. T-test analysis， chi-square test， and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and skeletal muscle mass. ResultsIn terms of food intake categories， compared with the long-lived elderly people with normal muscle mass， the intake of cereals containing miscellaneous beans and vegetables in the long-lived elderly people with low muscle mass was significantly lower（P<0.05）. In terms of the nutrient intake， compared with the long-lived elderly people with normal muscle mass， the intake of total energy， carbohydrate， dietary fiber， vitamin D， folic acid， phosphorus， potassium， magnesium， iron， and manganese in the long-lived elderly people with low muscle mass was significantly lower（P<0.05）. After continuous adjustment for the covariates， multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the intake levels of folic acid and dietary fiber were important factors influencing skeletal muscle mass， Individuals with lower intake levels of folic acid and dietary fiber are at a higher risk of low muscle mass in long-lived elderly individuals ［OR_{folic acid T1}， _{dietary fiber T1} （95%CI）： 2.90 （1.11‒7.61）； 4.09 （1.53‒10.91）］. ConclusionThe consumption of cereals that include a variety of beans and vegetables was noticeably lower in the long-lived elderly individuals with lower muscle mass when compared to those with normal muscle mass. Furthermore， low levels of folic acid and dietary fiber intake are associated with an increased risk of low skeletal muscle mass.

Background::Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a microbarrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells.Methods::The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to examine the interaction between F-actin and tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59). The stem-cell-like characteristics of soft cells were explored by colony formation assay and in vivo studies upon xenografted tumor models. Results::Using our newly designed microfluidic approach, we identified a small fraction of soft tumor cells in bladder cancer cells. More importantly, the existence of soft tumor cells was confirmed in clinical human bladder cancer specimens, in which the number of soft tumor cells was associated with tumor relapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biomechanical stimuli arising from 3D Matrigel activated the F-actin/ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis pathways to enhance the softness and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. Simultaneously, we detected a remarkable up-regulation in ITGB8, TRIM59, and phospho-AKT in clinical bladder recurrent tumors compared with their non-recurrent counterparts.Conclusions::The ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis axis plays a crucial role in modulating tumor softness and stemness. Meanwhile, the soft tumor cells become more sensitive to chemotherapy after stiffening, that offers new insights for hampering tumor progression and recurrence.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of gold microneedle combined with tranexamic acid transdermal administration for the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne vulgaris.Methods:From January 2022 to October 2022, 36 patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of facial acne who went to the Laser Medical Center, Air Force Medical Center were treated, including 10 males and 26 females, with 21-42 (28.3±4.8) years of age. The patients were divided into observation group and control group, with 18 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with gold microneedle combined with transdermal administration of tranexamic acid, the control group with 0.5 mm microneedles combined with transdermal administration of tranexamic acid. Both groups were treated for 2 times with an interval of 2 months. The total effective rate, post acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI), UV spots, brown spots, pores, skin texture, and adverse reaction were evaluated at 4 weeks after the last treatment.Results:Clinical observation was completed in all 36 patients. In the observation group, 17 cases were effective, accounting for 94.4%, and in the control group, 11 cases were effective, accounting for 61.1%, The curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The differences in PAHPI score, UV spots, brown spots, pores, and skin texture between the two groups were also statistically significant ( t=3.10, 2.52, 2.71, 2.43 and 3.54; P=0.004, 0.017, 0.001, 0.021 and 0.001). The patiens in both groups had different degrees of burning sensation, erythema, edema. dryness and other symptoms after treatment, which were relieved 3 days after treatment without special treatmet. Conclusions:Gold microneedle plus transdermal administrationof tranexamic acid is a safe and effective method for the treatment of post-inflammatory pigmentation caused by acne vulgaris.

Osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture (OPHF) is one of the common osteoporotic fractures in the aged, with an incidence only lower than vertebral compression fracture, hip fracture, and distal radius fracture. OPHF, secondary to osteoporosis and characterized by poor bone quality, comminuted fracture pattern, slow healing, and severely impaired shoulder joint function, poses a big challenge to the current clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OPHF, traditional Chinese and Western medicine have accumulated rich experience and evidence from evidence-based medicine and achieved favorable outcomes. However, there is still a lack of guidance from a relevant consensus as to how to integrate the advantages of the two medical systems and achieve the integrated diagnosis and treatment. To promote the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, relevant experts from Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have been organized to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ( version 2024) by searching related literatures and based on the evidences from evidence-based medicine. This consensus consists of 13 recommendations about the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, aimed at standardizing, systematizing, and personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinse and Western medicine to improve the patients ′ function.

Objective To evaluate the effects of high-fat diet on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in Chinese healthy adult subjects.Methods This program is designed according to a single-center,randomized,open,single-dose trial.Forty-seven healthy subjects were assigned to receive single dose of metronidazole tablets 200 mg in either fasting and high-fat diet state,and blood samples were taken at different time points,respectively.The concentrations of metronidazole in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectromentry.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of metronidazole in fasting state and high-fat diet state were as follows:Cmax were(4 799.13±1 195.32)and(4 044.17±773.98)ng·mL-1;tmax were 1.00 and 2.25 h;t1/2 were(9.11±1.73)and(9.37±1.79)h;AUC0_t were(5.59±1.19)x 104 and(5.51±1.18)x 104 ng·mL-1·h;AUC0_∞ were(5.79±1.33)x 104 and(5.74±1.32)× 104 ng·mL-1·h.Compared to the fasting state,the tmaxof the drug taken after a high fat diet was delayed by 1.25 h(P＜0.01),Cmax,AUC0_t,AUC0-∞ were less or decreased in different degrees,but the effects were small(all P＞0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet has little effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of metronidazole,which does not significantly change the degree of drug absorption,but can significantly delay the time to peak.

Objective To investigate the effects of parecoxib sodium injection combined with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection on postoperative cognitive function and stress response in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures.Methods The patients with osteoporotic compression fractures were divided into treatment group and control group according to the treatment plan.The control group was given intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection 0.2 μg·kg-1load dose,then micro pump injection 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 maintenance dose,until 30 min before the end of the operation;patients in the treatment group were intravenously injected with parecoxib sodium injection 20 mg before local anesthesia and 30 min before the end of operation on the basis of the control group.The pain,sedation,hemodynamics[mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)],cognitive function and safety evaluation were compared between the two groups before operation(T0),2 h after operation(T1),6 h after operation(T2),12 h after operation(T3)and 24 h after operation(T4).Results There were 39 cases in the treatment group and 41 cases in the control group.Visual analogue scale(VAS)scores in treatment group and control group were(3.09±0.55)and(3.41±0.62)scores at T1;VAS scores were(3.02±0.57)and(3.35±0.48)scores at T2;VAS scores were(2.64±0.44)and(2.90±0.46)scores at T3;VAS scores were(2.02±0.41)and(2.35±0.47)scores at T4;MMSE scores were(25.28±1.57)and(24.33±1.42)scores at T2;MMSE scores were(28.16±1.01)and(27.25±0.89)scores at T4;MoCA scores were(24.63±1.60)and(23.59±1.25)scores at T2;MoCA scores were(27.20±0.97)and(26.48±0.83)scores at T4.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the treatment group and the control group(all P＜0.05).Adverse drug reactions in the treatment group included bradycardia,hypotension,nausea vomiting and hypokalemia;adverse drug reactions in the control group included bradycardia,hypotension and nausea vomiting.The total incidence rates of adverse drug reactions were 12.82％and 9.76％,without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with using dexmedetomidine alone,parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine is beneficial for relieving postoperative pain in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures,improving postoperative cognitive function.