OBJECTIVE To analyse current availability of pediatric drugs in China quantitatively and provide fundamental data support for optimizing the incentive policy. METHODS Based on national drug coding database issued by National Medical Products Administration, the marketed drugs were classified into children's only drug, adult-children's drug, children's inferred drug and non-children's drug by consulting the drug instructions through the approval number. Taking children's only drug and adult-children's drug as the key subjects, this paper carried out statistics and analysis on the marketing status of pediatric drugs in China from the perspectives of approval, variety, dosage form, specification, distribution of treatment fields, enterprise and so on. RESULTS Among the marketed drugs, there were 4 229 approvals for pediatric drugs and 44 112 approvals for adult-children's drugs, accounting for 2.99% and 31.19% respectively. children's only drug had 625 varieties, accounting for 18.83% of the total pediatric drug varieties. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic and anti-gout drugs accounted for 55.71% of the total approvals for children's only drug(chemicals and biologics, excluding vaccines), and expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic agents accounted for 26.71% of total approvals for children's only drug (traditional Chinese medicine), but there were 16 and 19 treatment fields respectively were <1.00%; among the oral dosage forms, oral liquid accounted for 21.46%, while tablet, capsule, pill and other oral solid accounted for 37.51%. In the last 10 years of domestic drugs on the market, the number of approvals for regulation of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance drugs, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-gout drugs and respiratory drugs accounted for 64.29% of children's only drug(chemicals and biologics, excluding vaccines), the number of approvals for internal medicine-expectorant, antitussive, antiasthmatic agent, exterior-relieving agent and heat-clearing agent accounted for 61.70% of children's only drug(traditional Chinese medicine). CONCLUSION There has been a certain basis for the marketing of pediatric drugs in China, but children's only drugs are few overall. The availability of pediatric drugs varies significantly among treatment fields. Some fields are in short supply, while others are in excess supply. Most fields are difficult to meet the drug demand of children, and the R&D and production of children's only drug is still concentrated on traditionally strong fields.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe.Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. Objective: This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. Methods: Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. Results: The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Conclusions Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.

Objective:To collect data on urinary flow rate in the elderly female population across the country and to analyze the range of reference values.Methods:This study enrolled 333 subjects from July 2020 to June 2022.The study implementation process was divided into two steps.In the first step, subjects completed an electronic questionnaire, which included basic information about the subject, a short form for urinary incontinence, and a scoring form for the symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome.In the second step, the staff introduced the use of a mobile uroflowmetric device and distributed the instrument and materials.Uroflow rate data were automatically uploaded to a cloud database via the mobile phone.Subsequently, two or more physicians specializing in urinary control performed Uroflow rate-qualifying screenings and conducted statistical analyses.Results:A total of 333 subjects were enrolled in the study, and the researchers collected 1375 qualified urine flow rate records using a mobile urine flow rate instrument.The age of the subjects ranged from 60 to 84 years, with a mean age of 69 years.The reference ranges for urinary flow rate were found to be 24.8-26.2 s, with a mean urinary flow rate of 12.2-12.9 ml/s, a maximum urinary flow rate of 22.2-23.4 ml/s, and a time to peak of 8.5-9.7 s. The study observed a tendency for both maximal and mean urinary flow rates to decrease in older women as their age increased(Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.1, P<0.001). Conclusions:The uroflow rate of older women decreases with aging.Specifically, the average uroflow rate of women over 80 years old is lower than that of other age groups.This study aims to establish normal uroflow parameters for uroflowmetry in healthy older women in China.

Objective:To assess plasma microfibrillar associated protein 5(MFAP5) level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), and to explore its relationship with glucose and lipid metabolism as well as sex hormones.Methods:Fifty PCOS patients and 65 healthy female subjects were selected as PCOS group and control group, respectively. Clinical data and plasma MFAP5 levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The plasma MFAP5 level in PCOS group was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.01), and the plasma MFAP5 level in PCOS overweight subgroup was higher than that in control subgroup( P<0.01). No difference was observed in plasma MFAP5 level between the two non-overweight subgroups( P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plasma MFAP5 level was positively correlated with waist circumference, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting insulin, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), HbA 1C, testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, and leukocyte( P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant correlation of MFAP5 with body weight, body mass index(BMI), hip circumference, waist hip ratio, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glucose( P>0.05). In PCOS group, plasma MFAP5 level was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, total cholesterol, and leukocyte( P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant correlation of MFAP5 with waist hip ratio, HDL-C, triglyceride, blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, leukocyte, and sex hormones( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MFAP5 was an independent risk factor for PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusion:Plasma MFAP5 level is increased in PCOS patients and is closely related to BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and total cholesterol. Plasma MFAP5 is an independent risk factor for PCOS, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Acupoint autohemotherapy at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Xuehai (SP10) was used to treat a 26-year-old female patient who had suffered from recalcitrant atopic eczema (AE) for five years. The treatment was applied at a frequency of once per week for the first month, followed by a three-month period of once every other week. At the end of treatment, the patient's AE symptoms were entirely resolved, and by the end of a six-month follow-up her immunoglobulin E level had returned to the normal range. Further, there was no relapse of AE symptoms during the six-month follow-up. Therefore, we hypothesized that after the repeated treatments the local inflammatory reaction induced by autologous blood injection triggered a local immune response, followed by a systemic immune response after the repeated treatment, finally leading to the anti-inflammation and immunomodulation effects. This case suggests that acupoint autohemotherapy could be used as an effective complementary treatment for recalcitrant AE, especially in cases where other treatments have failed. Further comparative studies are needed to corroborate the value and mechanisms of this therapy.
Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To overview the methodological quality, report quality and evidence quality of the systematic review (SR) of acupuncture for vascular cognitive impairment ( VCI ). METHODS: The SRs regarding acupuncture for VCI were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang and VIP databases. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to September 24, 2020. The report quality, methodological quality and evidence quality of the included SRs were evaluated by PRISMA statement, the AMSTAR 2 tool and the GRADE system. RESULTS: A total of 22 SRs were included, including 102 outcome indexes. The methodological quality was generally low, with low scores on items 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 16. The report quality was good, with scores ranging from 19 points to 24.5 points. The problems of report quality were mainly reflected in the aspects of structural abstract, program and registration, other analysis and funding sources. The level of outcome indexes of SRs was mostly low or very low, and the main leading factor was limitation, followed by inconsistency and inaccuracy. CONCLUSION Acupuncture for VCI is supported by low quality evidence of evidence-based medicine, but the methodological quality and evidence body quality of relevant SRs are poor, and the standardization is needed to be improved.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy* ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Research Report ; Systematic Reviews as Topic

The existing problems in the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) during recent five years are analyzed and suggestions are proposed. The RCTs of acupuncture for VCI were selected in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, CNKI database, Wanfang database, VIP database, SinoMed database and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) from January 1, 2015 to September 14, 2020. The outcomes were extracted and analyzed. As a result, 21 RCTs were included and the outcomes used were divided into 9 categories: clinical symptom/sign indexes, quality of life indexes, neuroimaging indexes, neuroelectrophysiology indexes, blood biochemical indexes, hemorheology indexes, TCM syndrome score indexes, clinical efficacy indexes, and safety indexes. Among them, the top three of the most used outcomes were clinical symptoms/signs indexes (21, 100.0%), clinical efficacy indexes (14, 66.7%) and quality of life indexes (12, 57.1%). In the RCTs of acupuncture for VCI, attention should be paid to distinguish the primary outcomes and secondary outcomes, adopt objective and standardized efficacy evaluation, and give consideration to report the outcomes of safety, health economic and TCM characteristic indexes.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy* ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Caprylates/blood* ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Fluorocarbons/blood* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China. METHODS: According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017. RESULTS: A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.
China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors. Results: The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Conclusion The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.