Objective To explore the effect of Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula on ovarian function and pregnancy outcome in endometriosis rats. Methods One hundred female SD rats were fed adaptively for 7 days. According to body weight, 98 rats with a normal estrous cycle were randomly divided into the blank group (n=14), the sham operation group (n=14), the donor group (n=12), and the receptor group (n=58). A rat model of endometriosis was established using allogeneic endometrial transplantation. After the model was successfully established, according to the body weight, 56 rats in the receptor group were randomly divided into the model group, and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, with 14 rats in each group. The Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were given 5.86, 11.72, and 23.44 g/kg of Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula, and the blank group, the sham operation group, and the model group were given distilled water by gavage for 15 consecutive days. According to body weight, six rats were randomly selected to take abdominal aortic blood for determination of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to body weight, six rats were randomly selected in the remaining rats to undergo high-frequency small animal ultrasound examination to measure ovarian volume and ovarian artery blood supply (resistance index and pulsatility index), and follicle count were measured. The female mice were fed with male mice at a ratio of 2:1 to observe the pregnancy rate, live fetus number, still fetus number, and absorbed fetus number. The weights of uterus and fetus were measured, while the placental weight, fetal weight, body length, and tail length were measured for live fetus. Bone and visceral malformations were also detected for live fetus. Results There were no significant differences in serum AMH and ovarian volume among the groups. Compared with the model group, the numbers of follicles in the blank group, the sham operation group, and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were increased; compared with the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-dose group, the numbers of follicles in the blank group and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula medium-dose group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the resistance index and pulsatility index of ovarian artery blood flow in the blank group, the sham operation group, and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were decreased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate among the groups. Compared with the model group and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula low-dose group, the live fetus number and the weight of uterus and fetus in the blank group, the sham operation group, and the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula medium- and high-dose groups were increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the still fetus number, absorbed fetus number, placental weight, fetal weight, body length and tail length among the groups. No visceral or skeletal malformations were found in the live fetal rats among the groups.Conclusion In endometriosis model rats, the ovarian artery blood flow perfusion is insufficient, and the follicle count is reduced, affecting ovary function, thereby reducing the live fetus number. After applying the Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula, it can improve ovarian blood supply, increase the follicle count, and increase the live fetus number. The effect of increasing the live fetus number with the medium- and high-doses of Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula is more significant, and there is no reproductive toxicity.

Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)alkylation plays a central role in anti-inflammatory therapy.However,activators of Nrf2 through alkylation of Keap1-Kelch domain have not been identified.Deoxynyboquinone(DNQ)is a natural small molecule discovered from marine actinomycetes.The current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of DNQ via alkylation of Keap1.DNQ exhibited signif-icant anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo.The pharmacophore responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of DNQ was determined to be the α,β-unsaturated amides moieties by a chemical reaction between DNQ and N-acetylcysteine.DNQ exerted anti-inflammatory effects through activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.Keap1 was demonstrated to be the direct target of DNQ and bound with DNQ through conjugate addition reaction involving alkylation.The specific alkylation site of DNQ on Keap1 for Nrf2 activation was elucidated with a synthesized probe in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.DNQ triggered the ubiquitination and subsequent degra-dation of Keap1 by alkylation of the cysteine residue 489(Cys489)on Keap1-Kelch domain,ultimately enabling the activation of Nrf2.Our findings revealed that DNQ exhibited potent anti-inflammatory capacity through α,β-unsaturated amides moieties active group which specifically activated Nrf2 signal pathway via alkylation/ubiquitination of Keap1-Kelch domain,suggesting the potential values of targeting Cys489 on Keap1-Kelch domain by DNQ-like small molecules in inflammatory therapies.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.

The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.

Eleutherococcus senticosus is one of the Dao-di herbs in northeast China. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of three E. senticosus samples from different genuine producing areas were sequenced and then used for the screening of specific DNA barcodes. The germplasm resources and genetic diversity of E. senticosus were analyzed basing on the specific DNA barcodes. The chloroplast genomes of E. senticosus from different genuine producing areas showed the total length of 156 779-156 781 bp and a typical tetrad structure. Each of the chloroplast genomes carried 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The chloroplast genomes were relatively conserved. Sequence analysis of the three chloroplast genomes indicated that atpI, ndhA, ycf1, atpB-rbcL, ndhF-rpl32, petA-psbJ, psbM-psbD, and rps16-psbK can be used as specific DNA barcodes of E. senticosus. In this study, we selected atpI and atpB-rbcL which were 700-800 bp and easy to be amplified for the identification of 184 E. senticosus samples from 13 genuine producing areas. The results demonstrated that 9 and 10 genotypes were identified based on atpI and atpB-rbcL sequences, respectively. Furthermore, the two barcodes identified 23 genotypes which were named H1-H23. The haplotype with the highest proportion and widest distribution was H10, followed by H2. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.94 and 1.82×10~(-3), respectively, suggesting the high genetic diversity of E. senticosus. The results of the median-joining network analysis showed that the 23 genotypes could be classified into 4 categories. H2 was the oldest haplotype, and it served as the center of the network characterized by starlike radiation, which suggested that population expansion of E. senticosus occurred in the genuine producing areas. This study lays a foundation for the research on the genetic quality and chloroplast genetic engineering of E. senticosus and further research on the genetic mechanism of its population, providing new ideas for studying the genetic evolution of E. senticosus.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Eleutherococcus/genetics* ; Base Sequence ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny

Esfenvalerate is a kind of commonly used highly effective pyrethroid insecticide. It is common for people who are poisoned by contact or misuse, but rarely reported for people who are poisoned by intramuscular injection. This paper reports a case of intramuscular injection of esfenvalerate in the Department of Infection, West China Hospital of Sichuan University in November 2021. The patient was intramuscularly injected with about 20 ml of esfenvalerate, inducing the sense of swelling and tingling, degeneration and necrosis of striated muscle tissue at the injection site, also liver function damage and other manifestations. The patient was discharged from hospital after rehydration, accelerating poison metabolism, anti-infection, liver protection and local puncture.
Humans ; Insecticides ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pyrethrins ; Nitriles/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the impact of smoke-free legislation on the incidence rate for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in Shenzhen. METHODS: Data on ischemic ( n = 72,945) and hemorrhagic ( n = 18,659) stroke and AMI ( n = 17,431) incidence covering about 12 million people in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2016 were used. Immediate and gradual changes in incidence rates were analyzed using segmented Poisson regression. RESULTS: Following the smoke-free legislation, a 9% (95% CI: 3%-15%) immediate reduction was observed in AMI incidence, especially in men (8%, 95% CI: 1%-14%) and in those aged 65 years and older (17%, 95% CI: 9%-25%). The gradual annual benefits were observed only in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke incidence, with a 7% (95% CI: 2%-11%) and 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%) decrease per year, respectively. This health effect extended gradually to the 50-64 age group. In addition, neither the immediate nor gradual decrease in stroke and AMI incidence rates did not show statistical significance among the 35-49 age group ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Smoke-free legislation was enforced well in Shenzhen, which would generate good experiences for other cities to enact and enforce smoke-free laws. This study also provided more evidence of the health benefits of smoke-free laws on stroke and AMI.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Incidence ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; Stroke/etiology* ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the clinical features and CT imaging findings of melioidosis pneumonia in order to increase awareness of this disease. MethodsA retrospective study was done on clinical and CT imaging data of 68 cases with melioidosis pneumonia diagnosed from January 1， 2012 to April 1， 2023. ResultsOf the 68 cases， 62 presented with acute infection and 6 chronic infection， 88.2% were male， 85.3% were native residents of Hainan， 85.3% were farmers， 77.9% had onset in summer and autumn， 66.2% had diabetes， 100% had fever as the first clinical symptom， and 88.2% were confirmed positive by blood culture. In most patients， white blood cell count， neutrophil ratio， C-reactive protein and calcitonin levels increased， while lymphocyte ratio decreased， but no statistical difference was found between acute and chronic infection groups （P > 0.05）. Of the patients， 36.8% recovered， 42.6% got better， 11.8% patients became therapy-resistant and 8.8% died. CT image showed pathomorphological changes including nodules/masses， patchy ground-glass attenuation or large patchy consolidation or all of these at the same time. Acute and chronic infection groups had significant difference in pathomorphological changes （P = 0.01）， but no statistical difference in other imaging findings. Moreover， 36.8% of the patients developed extrapulmonary infections， 8.8% of which multi-site abscess formation. ConclusionsMelioidosis Pneumonia should be considered if the patient is the sojourner from epidemic area， or has diabetes， high fever and rapid-developing disease， with additional presence of multiple inflammatory lesions in lung CT.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis