Objective To investigate and establish thyroid function reference range during 3 pregnant stages in Chaoshan area:thyrotropin (TSH),free thyroxin (FT4).Methods 863 healthy pregnant women visited antenatal clinic in the Second Affiliated Hospital were included in this study.By detecting serum levels of TSH,FT4,thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),and thyroid peroxi-dase antibody (TPOAb)in these women,the euthyroid reference ranges of serum TSH and FT4 in different pregnant stages were established based on the standards of the United States National Institute of Clinical Biochemical (NACB)guidelines.Results The ranges of serum TSH in the first,second and third trimester of pregnancy were 0.13-3.93 mIU/L,0.14-4.55mlU/L,and 0.42-3.85 mIU/L,respectively.The ranges of serum FT4 levels in these 3 stages were 12.00-23.34 pmol/L,6.27-12.65pmol/ L, and 9.80-18.20 pmol/L,respectively.The range of serum TSH levels in our study were similar with the reference range recom-mended by the guidelines in China,but were different compared with the American Thyroid Association (ATA)guidelines.Conclu-sion TSH,FT4 levels show dynamic changes during different stages of pregnancy.The thyroid function ranges of healthy pregnant women in Chaoshan area are quite different compared with non-pregnant population and pregnant women in distinct area.Due to the differences of diet,iodine intake,economy and culture in Chaoshan area,regional thyroid function reference ranges specific for differ-ent stages of pregnant women should be established.

Objective To ascertain the significance of qualitative and quantitative detections of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associ-ated lipocalin(NGAL)in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Methods 74 patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into the normoalbuminuria group[(DN1 ,n =26,urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)<30 mg/24 h],the microalbuminuria group (DN2 ,n=24,UAER 30-300 mg/24 h)and the macroalbuminuria group(DN3 ,n=24,UAER>300 mg/24 h)according to the 24 h UAER,and at the same time the control group(n=25)was set up.Both the activity and levels of urine NGAL in the above groups were examined and compared.Results The activity band of urine NGAL in each group were more distinct than that of the control group(P =0.000).The NGAL activity in the macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in the normoalbuminuria group(P <0.05).No difference in the NGAL activity was found between the micro-and normal-albuminuria groups(P >0.05);the quantitative detection demonstrated that differences of the NGAL content existing between the macroalbuminuria group and the other three groups had statistical significance(P =0.000),the urinary NGAL excretion in the macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in the microalbuminuria group,normoalbuminuria group and the control group(P =0.000);No differences were found between the control group and the normoalbuminuria group and between the control group and the microalbuminuria group(P >0.05).Conclu-sion For the patients with diabetic nephropathy,the activity detection of urine NGAL is more sensitive than UAER and the NGAL quantitative detection and could become a new type index in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed (average gray value, AGV=230±5), distributed at junction area and intercalated disks of cardiocytes in normal rats,and much less expressed (AGV 193±4) (P<0.01) and distribution-disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial lesions.

Objective To explore the association of expression between the longevity gene SIRT1 and the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 in the beta cell of islet in rat,and provide the basic prevention and cure rationale for the type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Eleven male SD rats of 18 months old were randomized into two groups:6 in calorie restriction(CR)group and 5 in the control group.After 6 months' breeding,the caudal end of islet was collected.The expression and location of SIRT1,FOXO1 and insulin were detected by immunohistochemistry;sections of pancreas were stained for senescence-associated ?-galactosidase(SA-?-Gal)to identify cell senescence of pancreatic islets.Results SIRT1 and FOXO1 were expressed in both the kytoplasm and nucleus,while insulin and ?-Gal were located in the kytoplasm.Compared with the control group rats,there was higher SIRT1 expression(P0.05)expression was detected in the beta cells of CR group rats.The lower positive rate of FOXO1 located in the nucleus the higher expression of SIRT1 in the rat beta cell of islet.Conclusion Calorie restriction could induce the high expression of SIRT1 in the rat beta cell of islet,and we think SIRT1 may delay the senescence process of rat beta cell through the repression of transcription factor FOXO1;it's beneficial to the prevention and cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely related to the high incident rate of diabetic heart failure. It is extremely significant to set up the successful dietetic cardiomyopathy model for the study on improving cardiac function.OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of high blood sugar on myocardium by setting up the model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Completely randomized design, randomized and controlled study,in which, the experimental animals were taken as the objects.SETTING: Department of endocrinology of a university.METHODS: In the experiment, 99 newly born Wistar male rats were employed, randomized into experiment group (75 rats) and the control group(24 rats). In the control group, abdominal injection was done with sodium citrate buffer and the single abdominal injection was done with strptozocin(STZ)90 mg/kg in the experiment group. Ten weeks later, the glucose tolerance was assayed to determine the set-up of diabetes model. The ultrastructure of myocardium of rats was tested under electronic microscope after being sacrificed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observer whether the myofibrillae and mitochondria of myocardiocytes alter or not in diabetic rats.RESULTS: In the experiment group, the fasting blood sugar[(8.87± 0.76)mmol/L] was slightly higher than that[ (5.88 ± 0. 45)mmol/L] in the control group, the blood sugar 2 hours after meal was remarkably higher than that in the control group and the glucose tolerance was abnormal. Under the electronic microscope, the myofibrillae presented focal degeneration and disarranged order of myofilament; mitochondria of myocardiocytes presented swelling and focal proliferation.CONCLUSION: This model is the satisfactory carrier for the study on diabetes Ⅱ and its myocardiopathy, which lays an experimental foundation for the study on cardiac function of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE:To guarantee the quality of the clinical drug trial and to ensure the interests of the subjects.ME- THODS:The basic principles,procedures and methods of ISO9001quality management standards were applied in the whole construction of clinical drug trial institution.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The construction of clinical drug trial institution based on the ISO9001quality management standards was in conformity with the principle of Good Clinical Practice,which was helpful for the guarantee of the quality of clinical drug trial and the interests the subjects.

Objective To research the expression and biological significance of methallothionein(MT) in different thyroid diseases(TDs).Methods The expression of MT was observed by immunohistochemical stain and the difference among TDs was compared.Results MT was completely expressed in all TDs. Expression of MT was 87.60?9.20 in thyroid carcinoma,significantly higher than that(62.20?12.40) in thyroid adenoma, that(61.10?13.20) in Graves′ disease and that(58.50?10.60) in Hashimoto′ thyroiditis (P

OBJECTIVE:To prospectively investigate the effects of enalapril in decreasing ACE activity,renal function protection in diabetic nephropathy(DN)patients and prevention of deterioration from DN METHODS:62 DN patients were divided into two groups,31 in each group,the sex,age,disease duration and condition were comparable In treatment group,patients received enalapril 10mg/d in addition to routine anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive agents,in control group,patients had only routine treatment The observation lasted 18～36 months(mean 26 months) The BP,blood sugar and renal functions were compared between two groups before and after treatment RESULTS:In treatment group,blood sugar,BP and renal functions were significantly improved after treatment of enalapril(P0 05) CONCLUSION:Enalapril can lower ACE activity and protect the renal function,these effects do not depend on it’s anti-hypertension result

Objective To explore the relationship among the blood glucose level and cerebral infarction(CI) size, neurological deficits, clinical outcome, complications and mortality in diabetic patients with cerebral infarction. Methods 60 cases of diabetes complicated with cerebral infarction and 60 normoglycemic patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study, and the clinical data were compared between the two groups of patients. Results Compared with normoglycemic patients with cerebral infarction, diabetic patients with cerebral infarction had larger infarct size,more neurological deficits, worse clinical outcome,more complications and higher mortality because cerebral infarction occurred in the main branch. Infarction size was positively related with blood glucose level. Conclusion Hyperglycemia aggravated cerebral infarction and brain damage.Proper insulin administration to control blood glucose level was beneficial to the treatment and prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To research on and analyze the relationship between the clinical situation and karyotype of 30 patients with Turner syndrome (TS).Methods Lymphocytes of peripheral blood were cultured,then karyotyped by G banding and R banding technique.The relationship between clinical situation and karyotype of patients with TS were analyzed.Results The karyotype of TS could be divided into 4 groups:45,XO;mosaicism;with aberration of X chromosome structure and with Y chromosome.The mosaicism was the most popular.The more abnormal karyotype was,the more typical sexual non-development.Conclusion The typical patients with TS had the clinical features of microsomia,menoschesis,sexual non-development and special somatotype.The different clinical features are decided by the degree of abnormal karyotype and the proportion between abnormal cells and normal cells.Besides,the patients with TS who have Y chromosome always show hemaphrodism and must be taken ganadectomy.