Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Geraniin, a polyphenol derived from the fruit peel of Nephelium lappaceum L., has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the cardiovascular system. The present study explored whether geraniin could protect against an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Mice in the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (5 mg/kg) once daily for 9 days, and the administration group were injected with ISO after 5 days of treatment with geraniin or spironolactone. Potential therapeutic effects and related mechanisms analysed by anatomical coefficients, histopathology, blood biochemical indices, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting. Geraniin decreased the cardiac pathologic remodeling and myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO, as evidenced by the modifications to anatomical coefficients, as well as the reduction in collagen I/III á1mRNA and protein expression and cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiac tissue. In addition, geraniin treatment reduced ISO-induced increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas ISO-induced IL-10 showed the opposite behaviour in hypertrophic cardiac tissue.Further analysis showed that geraniin partially reversed the ISO-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the ISO-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, it suppressed the ISO-induced cellular apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by the decrease in Bcell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X/caspase-3/caspase-9 expression, increase in Bcl-2 expression, and decrease in TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells.These findings suggest that geraniin can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

Objective: To analyze the hepatitis B virus serological markers (HBVM) and abnormal rates of liver function indexes among primary liver cancer (PLC) patients with different HBVM profiles, so as to provide a reference for risk stratification and optimization of diagnosis and treatment strategies for PLC patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with PLC at Qidong People's Hospital between January 2017 and June 2024 were selected for this study. Basic information such as gender and age was collected through the hospital information management system. Venous blood samples were drawn to test for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc, as well as ten liver function indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase (CHE), and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Compare the abnormal rates of liver function indexes among the six HBVM profiles: "big three yang" (HBsAg+, HBeAg+, anti-HBc+), "small three yang" (HBsAg+, anti-HBe+, anti-HBc+), triple antibody positive (anti-HBs+, anti-HBe+, anti-HBc+), s/c antibody positive (anti-HBs+, anti-HBc+), e/c antibody positive (anti-HBe+, anti-HBc+), and all negative. Results: A total of 1 434 patients with PLC were enrolled in this study. Among them, 1 043 (72.73%) were males and 391 (27.27%) were females. The median age was 64.00 (interquartile range, 16.00) years. The positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc were 51.95%, 29.43%, 10.81%, 60.32%, and 88.42%, respectively. The "big three yang", "small three yang", triple-antibody positive, s/c antibody positive, e/c antibody positive, and all-negative profiles accounted for 85 (5.93%), 491 (34.24%), 170 (11.85%), 148 (10.32%), 100 (6.97%), and 121 (8.44%) cases, respectively. The abnormal rates of ALT among PLC patients with six HBVM profiles were 26.19%, 28.33%, 13.94%, 22.60%, 20.41%, and 14.91%, respectively. The abnormal rates of AST were 33.33%, 36.17%, 23.03%, 24.66%, 22.45%, and 18.42%, respectively. The abnormal rates of LDH were 62.16%, 68.22%, 53.73%, 61.19%, 60.00%, and 68.42%, respectively. The abnormal rates of CHE were 0%, 1.81%, 0%, 2.11%, 2.22%, and 3.88%, respectively. The abnormal rates of ADA were 59.09%, 57.27%, 24.27%, 33.33%, 45.00%, and 37.04%, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions In this study, the HBVM profiles were mainly characterized by "small triple positive" among PLC patients. The significant differences in liver function indexes abnormal rates among PLC patients with six HBVM profiles could reflect the liver injury status.

The global trends of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease are both rising. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease(NTMD) is a worldwide health burden associated with increasing morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for NTMD.Mycobacterial pathogens are intrinsically resistant to many available antibiotics, making treatment extremely challenging, especially in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying chronic lung conditions. Even with lengthy therapy and the use of a combination of antibiotics, only less than half NTMD patients can achieve clinical treatment success, so it is urgent to develop novel anti-NTM antibiotics. This article reviews the research progress on the medication of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between modified open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) versus traditional open wedge high tibial osteotomy (TOWHTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 50 patients (60 knees) with varus KOA who had received high tibial osteotomy at Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between September 2019 and December 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to different ways of osteotomy: a traditional group and a modified group. In the traditional group subjected to TOWHTO, there were 25 cases (30 knees); in the modified group subjected to MOWHTO, there were 25 cases (30 knees). In MOWHTO, the bone block attached to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee was first chiseled at the MCL insertion before osteotomy to reduce excessive stripping of the MCL in the osteotomy area, and then the bone fragment attached to the MCL was filled into the osteotomy area to increase bone filling and bone coverage after the alignment of the lower limb was corrected. The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), medioproximal tibial angle (MPTA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA) were measured preoperatively and at 18 months postoperatively in both groups to evaluate correction of the alignment of the lower limb. Fracture healing time, bone loss in the osteotomy area, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded to evaluate the postoperative efficacy.Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the TOWHTO and MOWHTO groups in the general clinical data before operation, showing comparability ( P>0.05). At 18 months after operation, HKAA was (179.1° ± 1.1°) in the TOWHTO group and (179.3° ± 0.7°) in the MOWHTO group while MPTA was (91.9° ± 0.4°) in the TOWHTO group and (91.9° ± 0.4°) in the MOWHTO group, showing no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05) but a significant difference between preoperation and postoperation in each group ( P<0.05). At 18 months after operation, JLCA was (1.8° ± 0.4°) in the TOWHTO group, significantly larger than that in the MOWHTO group (1.5° ± 0.4°), HSS score was 81.5 (79.5, 83.0) points in the TOWHTO group, significantly lower than that in the MOWHTO group [85.0 (82.5, 87.5) points], and VAS was 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) points in the TOWHTO group, significantly higher than that in the MOWHTO group [1.5 (1.5, 2.0) points] (all P<0.05). At 18 months after operation, the preoperative JLCA was significantly improved in both groups ( P<0.05). The time required for a fracture healing score higher than 4 points was (3.3 ± 0.6) months in the TOWHTO group and (4.5 ± 0.9) months in the MOWHTO group, and the rate of bone loss in the osteotomy area was 20% in the TOWHTO group (6/30) and 0 (0/30) in the MOWHTO group, both showing a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both TOWHTO and MOWHTO can effectively treat varus KOA. MOWHTO is more effective in promoting bone healing in the osteotomy area, reducing bone defects in the osteotomy area and improving knee function.

Objective:With the development of digital technology, network technology and mobile technology, new media aided-teaching has become a hot topic in medical teaching. However, the studies about the application of new media aided-teaching in training for professional postgraduates of neurosurgery are still less studied.Methods:In this study, 24 Batch 2015-2016 professional postgraduates of neurosurgery from Neurosurgery Department of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were divided into the test group and control group, with 12 students in each group. From September 2016 to August 2018, students in the test group were taught with conventional teaching and various new media such as WeChat official accounts, professional video sharing websites and so on. The control group adopted conventional teaching methods. Students' theoretical knowledge, operation ability and clinical research ability were assessed between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 software was used for t test and descriptive statistics on the data.Results:The results of t test analysis showed that the scores of theoretical knowledge and general ability in test group were higher than those in control group, with significant differences ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the scores of teaching satisfaction, professional interest, teaching participation, knowledge mastery and scientific research ability in the test group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Conventional teaching combined with new media aided-teaching is a good new training model for professional postgraduates of neurosurgery, which has improved students' participation and motivation of study and contributed to the training of medical students' comprehensive abilities.

Currently, tuberculosis, including both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) still widely spread worldwide. EPTB has become one of research hotspots, changes in the incidence of EPTB and its composition in TB have occurred, the situation varied with country and region. The age and gender distributions of EPTB cases were different, even contradicted, indicated by different studies. The incidence rate and prevalence rate of EPTB might be underestimated due to insufficient attention paid to EPTB, inadequate diagnostic methods and low diagnosis rate. The cure rate of EPTB is always lower than PTB, posing challenges to global TB control. This paper summarizes the progress in research of EPTB epidemiology in recent years in terms of EPTB definition, epidemiological characteristics of EPTB in the world, correlation of different EPTB and related risk factors to provide reference for the prevention and control of EPTB.