As essential part of teachers' teaching practice, the design and arrangement of assignments is the main carrier of interaction between teachers and students, and is also an important learning way for students. According to the discipline characteristics and teaching modes of histology and embryology courses, we have developed a systematic assignment design model that covers theory, practice, and application with four types of assignments—pre-class assignments, exploratory assignments, practical assignments, and innovative assignments distributed before class, in class, after class, and throughout the teaching process. Behind this assignment design strategy is the concept of learner-centered teaching, which aims to help students learn professional knowledge and develop comprehensive literacy.

To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and endoscopic treatment efficacy of cap polyposis, data of 14 patients (56 polyps) who were histologically diagnosed as having cap polyposis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 8 were males and 6 were females. The age ranged from 14 to 74 years, including 7 cases of <60 years old and 7 cases of ≥60 years old. 7 patients (50.0%) had clinical manifestations. Four cases had multiple polyps and 10 cases (71.4%) had single polyps. There were 42 polyps (75.0%) located in the rectum, 13 (23.2%) in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the transverse colon. According to the classification of Yamada, 44 polyps (78.6%) were type Ⅰ, 3 polyps were type Ⅱ, 5 polyps were type Ⅲ and 4 polyps were type Ⅳ. Under endoscopy, there were 41 polyps (73.2%) with obvious white cap-like coverings on the surface and 23 polyps with obvious hyperemia and redness on the mucosa, 8 of which were both visible. Two cases were treated with ESD and 12 cases were treated with EMR, all of which were completely excised. No bleeding, perforation, infection or other complications occurred during and after operation. The clinical symptoms of 7 patients were relieved. During the follow-up period, 11 cases (78.6%) completed colonoscopy, and no polyp recurrence was found. In conclusion, there is no gender or age difference in patients of cap polyposis. It is usually single and located in the rectum and sigmoid colon with Yamada type Ⅰ. The surface of lesions is mostly covered with white cap. Patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment of ESD and EMR is safe and effective for cap polyposis.

In most mammalian central nervous system diseases, axons are damaged.Due to the limited ability of damaged neurons to promote axonal regeneration, the formation of glial scar and the release of inhibitory nutrients, it is difficult to regenerate axons of damaged neurons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate for injection (II) (CBL) on neuritogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the axon length of mouse neuroma cells (Neuro-2a) and mouse primary cortical neuronal cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated TrkB protein in Neuro-2a cells and mouse primary cortical neuronal cells. The results showed that CBL could increase the axon length of Neuro-2a cells or mouse primary cortical neuronal cells, and that the phosphorylation level of TrkB in neuronal cells was significantly increased when 5 μg/mL CBL was applied to neuronal cells for 1 h. In conclusion, CBL can promote neuritogenesis, and increase the expression of phosphorylated TrkB, which may be related to the activation of TrkB signaling pathway.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after ischemia significantly influences stroke outcome. Compound LFHP-1c was previously discovered with neuroprotective role in stroke model, but its mechanism of action on protection of BBB disruption after stroke remains unknown. Here, we show that LFHP-1c, as a direct PGAM5 inhibitor, prevented BBB disruption after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Mechanistically, LFHP-1c binding with endothelial PGAM5 not only inhibited the PGAM5 phosphatase activity, but also reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with NRF2, which facilitated nuclear translocation of NRF2 to prevent BBB disruption from ischemia. Furthermore, LFHP-1c administration by targeting PGAM5 shows a trend toward reduced infarct volume, brain edema and neurological deficits in nonhuman primate

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the rationality of TLC identification method （3） of （R，S）-epigoitrin in Isatis indigotica stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （partⅠ） （later abbreviated as pharmacopeia）， and make some improvements. METHODS： Three batches I. indigotica were collected and prepared into decoction pieces according to the processing method of I. indigotica in pharmacopoeia. TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin in I. indigotica decoction piece and medicinal material were conducted according to identification method （3） in pharmacopeia （80％ ethanol as solvent for sample treatment， ultrasound extraction）； the rationality of pharmacopoeia method was investigated. Then the method was improved by changing the extraction solvent and pretreatment method （method one： using water as solvent， ultrasound extraction； method two： soaking in water for 1 h， then adding into methanol， ultrasound extraction； method three： the sample was wetted and then dried， using 80％ methanol as solvent， ultrasound extraction） of samples， and the optimal method was verified. According to the optimal method， the TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin was detected by using chromatographic plates from different manufacturers， under the conditions of low temperature and low humidity （7 ℃， relative humidity 48％） and high temperature and high humidity （35 ℃， relative humidity 75％） respectively，to investigate the durability of the method. RESULTS： According to the method of pharmacopeia， in the chromatograms of decoction pieces， the same color spots appeared at the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substance， but no corresponding spots appeared in the medicinal material chromatograms. After the samples were treated by three improvement methods， in medicinal material chromatograms， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substances. There were single chromatographic spot after medicinal materials were treated with method one， and there were more spots after medicinal materials were treated with method two and three， and method two consumed less time than method three. The results of validation tests and method durability tests  showed that after the treatment of I. indigotica and its decoction pieces according to method two， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding positions of the decoction pieces and the medicinal materials chromatograms as those of the control. CONCLUSIONS： The improved TLC identification method is effective， the chromatographic spots are clear， and the repeatability is good.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES). Methods: The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB/c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group. The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9% saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM-DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM-DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D^*) and perfusion fraction (f). Meanwhile, microvessel density (MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results: The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42±24.65) mm³ and (174.24±28.27)mm^3, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment (all P>0.05). The D^* values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10^-3mm²/s and (12.940±2.801)×10^-3mm²/s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10^-3mm²/s and (7.898±1.603)×10^-3mm²/s of control group (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D^* value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10^-3mm²/s vs (9.950±2.596)×10^-3mm²/s, (P<0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226±0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P<0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment (all P<0.05). In addition, we found D^* value of IVIM-DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.354, r=0.555, r=0.559, all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion (r=-0.391, r=0.538, r=0.315, all P<0.05). Conclusions IVIM-DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES-induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D^* and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion?weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM?DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES).Methods The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB／c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group.The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg－1·d－1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9%saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM?DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM?DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient( D), pseudo?diffusion coefficient ( D?) and perfusion fraction ( f).Meanwhile, microvessel density ( MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42 ± 24.65) mm3 and (174.24 ± 28.27) mm3, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P＝0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group ( all P＜0.05).There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment ( all P＞0.05).The D? values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10－3mm2／s and (12.940±2.801)×10－3 mm2／s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10－3mm2／s and (7.898±1.603)×10－3mm2／s of control group (P＜0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D?value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10－3mm2／s vs (9.950±2.596)×10－3 mm2／s, (P＜0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226± 0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P＜0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment ( all P＜0.05).In addition, we found D?value of IVIM?DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.354, r＝0.555, r＝0.559, all P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.391, r＝0.538, r＝0.315, all P＜0.05). Conclusions IVIM?DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES?induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D? and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.[Subject words] Colorectal neoplasms; Intravoxel incoherent motion; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Vascular normalization; Recombinant human endostatin; Angiogenesis

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion?weighted magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM?DWI MRI) in the evaluation of tumor vascular normalization in a mouse model of colorectal cancer induced by recombinant human endostatin (rhES).Methods The CT26 colorectal cancer xenograft model of BALB／c mice were established and divided into rhES group and control group, with 20 mice in each group.The mice of rhES group were intravenously injected with rhES 5 mg·kg－1·d－1 once daily for 12 days, while the mice of the control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of 0.9%saline. 5 mice of rhES group and control group were randomly selected to perform IVIM?DWI MRI as following times: before treatment and four, eight, twelve days after treatment. The parameters of IVIM?DWI were recorded, including true diffusion coefficient( D), pseudo?diffusion coefficient ( D?) and perfusion fraction ( f).Meanwhile, microvessel density ( MVD), pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion in tumor tissues were detected by immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The tumor volumes of control group and rhES group before treatment were (154.42 ± 24.65) mm3 and (174.24 ± 28.27) mm3, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P＝0.440). From day 2 to day 12 after treatment, the tumor volume of rhES group was significantly smaller than that of control group ( all P＜0.05).There were no statistical significances of D value between the rhES group and control group before and after treatment ( all P＞0.05).The D? values of the rhES group were (10.940±2.834)×10－3mm2／s and (12.940±2.801)×10－3 mm2／s in day 4 and 8 after treatment respectively, significantly higher than (6.980±1.554)×10－3mm2／s and (7.898±1.603)×10－3mm2／s of control group (P＜0.05). Moreover, compared with control group, the D?value of rhES group was significantly lower in day 12 (6.848±1.460)×10－3mm2／s vs (9.950±2.596)×10－3 mm2／s, (P＜0.05). The f value of rhES group in day 8 was (0.226± 0.021)%, significantly higher than (0.178±0.016)% of control group (P＜0.01). The MVD of rhES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), while the pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion of rhES group were significantly higher than those of control group in day 4 and 8 after treatment ( all P＜0.05).In addition, we found D?value of IVIM?DWI in rhES group was significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.354, r＝0.555, r＝0.559, all P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the f value in rhES group was also significantly related with MVD, pericyte coverage and tumor perfusion ( r＝－0.391, r＝0.538, r＝0.315, all P＜0.05). Conclusions IVIM?DWI MRI can effectively evaluate the vascular normalization in rhES?induced CT26 colorectal tumor.The parameters D? and f are closely related to intratumorally microvessel density, pericyte coverage and perfusion, which can effectively monitor the occurrence of tumor vascular normalization time.[Subject words] Colorectal neoplasms; Intravoxel incoherent motion; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Vascular normalization; Recombinant human endostatin; Angiogenesis

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine on postopera-tive cytokine response after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods We enrolled 80 women with American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical statusⅠandⅡ,aged 35-68,and scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly assigned into CON group,LIDO group,DEX group and LI-DO + DEX group(n=25 in each group). The four groups received an Ⅳ bolus infusion of normal saline,lido-caine,dexmedetomidine,and lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine respectively,over 10 minutes before in-duction of anesthesia,followed by a continuous IV infusion of normal saline,lidocaine,dexmedetomidine,and li-docaine combined with dexmedetomidine until abdominal wound closure,respectively.Interleukin-6 and tumor ne-crosis factor-α levels in serum were measured before administration of drugs(T1),at the end of surgery(T2),post-operative 2 hour(T3)and postoperative 24 hour(T4). Results Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum were higher at T2,T3and T4in the four groups. Compared to those in CON group,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in DEX and DEX+LIDO group were significantly decreased at T2,T3and T4(P<0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum in LIDO group were also decreased at T2,T3and T4,but there was no significant difference between CON group and LIDO group(P > 0.05). Compared to that in LIDO group,tumor necrosis factor-α level in serum in DEX group was significantly decreased at T3and T4;interleukin-6 level in serum in DEX group was significantly decreased at T2,T3and T4(P<0.05).Interleukin-6 and tumor ne-crosis factor-α levels in serum in DEX+LIDO group were the lowest compared to those in other three groups at T2,T3and T4(P < 0.05). Recovery time and extubation time were significantly prolonged between DEX group and DEX + LIDO group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine infusion significantly decrease postoperative cytokine response and this may be attributed to the anti-inflammation effects of dexmedetomi-dine and lidocaine.

Objective To observe the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with ropiva-caine for ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block on postoperative analgesia and rehabilitation in patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. Methods 80 patients with ASAⅠ~Ⅱundergoing total hip arthroplasty were ramdonly divided into 4 groups. Records of patients with ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block onset time,block fading time,VAS at 4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h,48 h;duration of operation,intraoperative remifent-anil and propofol requirement;24 h and 48h of sufentanil use;after the operation were recorded for the first time , ambulation time,hospitalization time and observe whether bradycardia,intraoperative awareness and other adverse reactions. Results Compared with group A and B,the onset time of C were shorter(P<0.05);the VAS was less (P<0.05);the remifentanil equirement was significantly was reduced(P<0.05);the amount of sufentanil after operation 24 h and 48 h was reduced(P<0.05);the first time out of bed time and total hospitalization time was shorter(P < 0.05);patient satisfaction increased(P < 0.05);The extubation time was significantly longer and the occurrences of tachycardia were significantly increased in group D compared to other groups respectively. Conclusion 1.0μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.3%ropivacaine ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compart-ment block can provide better postoperative analgesic and recover rapidly with fewer side effects in total hip replace-ment surgery.