Objective:To explore the application value of breast ultrasound structured report in the clinical teaching of standardized residency training of ultrasonography.Methods:Forty-eight residents from the Department of Ultrasonography in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were selected as the research objects, and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in average. The experimental group used structured report template to write the breast ultrasound report, while the control group used free text. After 1 month of clinical teaching, the teachers who were not clear about the grouping assessed and analyzed the differences between the two groups of residents in grasping the characteristics of lesions and reporting content. At the same time, the students were asked to fill in a questionnaire for self-evaluation to analyze the learning situation of the two groups of students. SPSS 21.0 statistical analysis software was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:In terms of teacher evaluation, the scores of residents in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group in terms of completeness of report content, accuracy of description of peripheral conditions of lesions, standardization of professional terms and practicality of differential diagnosis (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of lesion description between the two groups ( P=0.342). In terms of self-evaluation of residents in the standardized residency training, the evaluations of residents in the experimental group on the degree of mastery of knowledge points, clinical thinking cultivation and satisfaction of teaching mode were significantly higher than those of residents in the control group ( P=0.006, 0.012, <0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in learning interest and operation convenience ( P=0.186, 0.065, respectively). Conclusions:The structured report of breast ultrasound is helpful for the residents to master the characteristics of lesions and write a complete and professional report. It is also helpful for them to improve the standardization of operation and clinical thinking ability.

The study aims to investigate and compare the effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic drug donepezil on the learning cognition and brain damage related indexes in AD mice, and to provide experimental basis for its treatment of AD. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Henan University of Chinese Medicine (ethics number DWLL2018080003). Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham-operated, model, donepezil (10 mg·kg^-1), probiotic (2.7×10⁹ CFU·d^-1), and DHA (0.104 g·kg^-1). Except for the sham-operated group, the AD animal model was established by injecting Aβ_25-35 (200 μmol·L^-1) in the lateral ventricle, followed by gavage administration for 4 weeks. In all mouse groups, learning memory ability, neuronal morphology in the hippocampus, apoptosis of primary hippocampal cells, and immune cell levels were detected. The levels of Aβ_1-42, Aβ_1-40, p-Tau, AchE, Ach, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in the brain tissue of mice were also detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to further investigate the effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD. Donepezil, probiotics and DHA improved cognitive deficits and enhanced learning memory in Aβ_25-35-induced mice by increasing locomotion time, locomotion distance, autonomic alternation rate, and shortening the time to reach the plateau; it significantly attenuated Aβ_25-35-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by decreasing Aβ_1-42, Aβ_1-40, p-Tau, AchE, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA and increasing the levels of Ach, IL-10, GSH-Px, and T-SOD in brain tissues, as well as decreasing the activation of glial cells, and had a modulatory effect on immune cells. 16S rDNA sequencing shows that both donepezil and probiotics restore flora homeostasis and that differential bacteria are strongly associated with cognition, AD pathology, and neuroinflammation. Combining all indicators, donepezil and probiotics were more effective than DHA. All in all, donepezil, probiotics and DHA ameliorate Aβ_25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in mice by modulating immune cells, reducing the number of apoptotic cells and glial cell activation in the brain, and decreasing the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression, among which the effects of donepezil and probiotics were better than those of DHA, and the therapeutic effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD were closely related to the modulation of gut microbiome.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ_(25-35))-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD) mice to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of AD by aqueous extract of Corni Fructus. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, a positive control group(huperizine A, 0.2 mg·kg~(-1)), a low-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(1.3 g·kg~(-1)), a medium-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(2.6 g·kg~(-1)), and a high-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(5.2 g·kg~(-1)). The AD model was induced by lateral ventricular injection of Aβ_(25-35) in mice except for those in the sham group, and AD model mice were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 24 days. The behavioral test was performed one week before animal dissection. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis level of primary hippocampal cells in mice. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of β-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ_(1-42)) and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau(p-Tau) in mouse brain tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related proteins in mouse brain tissues. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of compounds in aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking was employed to analyze the interactions of caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol with β-amyloid precursor protein(APP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could improve the learning and memory abilities of Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by increasing the duration of the autonomous activity, the rate of autonomous alternation, the preference coefficient, and the discrimination coefficient, and reduce Aβ_(25-35)-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by increasing the expression levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) in brain tissues, decreasing the expression levels of Aβ_(1-42), p-Tau, IL-6, TNF-α, cysteine aspartate-specific protease 3(caspase-3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease 9(caspase-9), and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and decreasing the number of activated glial cells in brain tissues. The results of cell experiments showed that esculetin and(+)-lyoniresinol could improve Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking results showed that caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol had good binding affinity with APP and weak binding affinity with IL-6 and TNF-α. Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by reducing the number of apoptotic cells and activated glial cells in the brain and decreasing the expression level of inflammatory factors. Caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol may be the material basis for the anti-AD effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Cornus/metabolism* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6 ; Aspartic Acid ; Cysteine/therapeutic use* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain Injuries ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Transgenic

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

Objective:To explore the potential of thrombus-targeted nanoprobes for ultrasound/near-infrared bimodal imaging and their synergistic therapeutic effects on thrombosis in vitro.Methods:Nanoprobes loaded with arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide (RGD), perfluoropentane (PFP) and indocyanine green (ICG) were prepared by ultrasonic vibration and carbodiimide method with mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as the carrier. The probe morphology was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The loading of RGD and ICG was detected by Bicinchoninic Acid Assay (BCA) and UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy respectively. The imaging performance and photothermal response of the nanoprobe under near infrared light (NIR) irradiation were studied in vitro. Its biological safety was tested by cytotoxicity test and hemolysis test. The phase transformation was studied under ultrasound and NIR irradiation. The nanoprobe was incubated with fresh arterial thrombus, and its target-seeking ability was observed by frozen section. Ultrasound and NIR irradiation were used to evaluate its thrombolytic ability by the weight changes of thrombus before and after irradiation.Results:The prepared nanoprobe had regular morphology and uniform size. The particle diameter was (156.83±5.05)nm, and the surface potential was (11.47±0.25)mV. The RGD coupling rate was (77.67±4.50)%, which could mediate the targeting of nanoprobe to fresh extracorporeal arterial thrombus. UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful loading of ICG, and its encapsulation rate was (80.47±0.05)%. After ultrasound and NIR irradiation, the nanoprobe could undergo acoustically induced phase transition, thermally induced phase transition and enhance the ultrasonic development effect. With the increase of the concentration of the nanoprobe solution, the NIR signal gradually increased, and the temperature rose in a concentration-dependent and intensity-dependent manner after NIR irradiation. The cytotoxicity test and hemolysis test showed that the nanoprobe had good biological safety, and it could play a thrombolytic role under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and NIR, and the weight of thrombus was significantly reduced after the treatment ( P<0.01). Conclusions:In this study, the nanoprobe (RGD/ICG/PFP@MSN) were successfully prepared possesses excellent dual mode imaging capabilities of ultrasound and NIR, excellent phase transition ability and photothermal conversion efficiency, as well as efficient targeted penetration and therapeutic effects against thrombosis. This study provides strong in vitro experimental evidence and new strategies for the integration of diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases under the cooperation of ultrasound and NIR.

Objective:To observe the effect of Shaoyaotang on the contents of cell adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） in serum of large intestine damp-heat syndrome of ulcerative colitis （UC） in rats， and the gene and protein expressions of leukocyte differentiation antigen14 （CD14）， Fas-related death domain protein （FADD） and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-8 （Caspase-8） in the focal colon tissue. Method:A total of 80 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into the blank group （n=10） and modeling group （n=70）. The large intestine damp-heat syndrome of UC rats was replicated by the combination of disease and syndrome， which was high-fat， high-sugar and spicy diets combined with 2， 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （DNBS） and ethanol. After successful modeling， the modeled groups were divided into model group， sulfasalazine （SASP）control group， and low， medium and high-dose Shaoyaotang groups by the method of random number table， with14 rats in each group. Low， medium and high doses of Sulfasalazine 0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 and Shaoyaotang （6， 12， 24 g·kg^-1·d^-1）were given by gavage. The blank group and the model group were given equal volume of normal saline for 21 days. The contents of serum ICAM-1 and TGF-β₁ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， the expressions of CD14， FADD and Caspase-8 mRNA in colon tissues were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the expressions of CD14， FADD and Caspase-8 protein in colon tissues were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the blank group， the serum ICAM-1 level in the model group were significantly increased， whereas the content of TGF-β₁ were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The relative expression levels of CD14， FADD， Caspase-8 mRNA and protein were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the content of ICAM-1 in the serum of the rats in the medium， high-dose Shaoyaotang groups and the SASP group were significantly decreased， while the content of TGF-β₁ in the serum of the rats in the low， medium， high-dose Shaoyaotang groups and the SASP group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The expression levels of CD14， FADD， Caspase-8 mRNA and protein in each intervention group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， especially in the high-dose Shaoyaotang group and the SASP group. Conclusion:Shaoyaotang has a certain intervention effect on UC rats with large intestine damp-heat syndrome， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of CD14， FADD and Caspase-8 genes and proteins expression.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of public cognition, attitude, and behavior (KAP) for COVID-19, and to help the development of strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Methods Snowballing-based online questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous survey. Results A total of 1 576 questionnaires were received, and 1 553 were effective (recovery rate 98.5%).The awareness rate for epidemiological knowledge was 87.3%, 93.1% for etiology knowledge and 85.9% for prevention and treatment knowledge.The average score for attitude towards COVID-19 fear was 15.47±3.15, agreement with relevant government regulations and policies was 11.28±1.58, and for preventive behavior was 24.47±2.61.Men′s knowledge scores in epidemiology and etiology were higher than women′s (P < 0.05).Women′s attitude towards epidemic fear and government identification were scored higher than men′s (P < 0.05).The public health prevention knowledge score was higher in subjects with urban household registration than in those with rural household registration (P < 0.05).Regression analysis showed that gender, age, occupation, level of attention on pandemic, epidemiological knowledge, and etiology knowledge were the influencing factors for the fear attitude to the epidemic (P < 0.05);the attention level and prevention knowledge were the influencing factors for prevention behavior (P < 0.05). Conclusion The public awareness rate of COVID-19 and attitude towards government identification are relatively high.The degree of pandemic fear and preventive behavior are above average.More targeted public education on COVID-19 is highly recommended.

Pancreatic lipase (PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL (IC < 10 μmol·L). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the K values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16 μmol·L, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones (isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical characteristics of "three-dimensional balanced manipulation" for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR). METHODS: A CSR patient was treated with "three-dimensional balanced manipulation", and the mechanical changes during the manipulation were monitored by mechanical testing system. Using spiral CT to scan the neck of the patient to obtain DICOM data. The three-dimensional finite element model of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was established by using Mimics software, Geographic Studio software. The "three-dimensional balance manipulation" was simulated and loaded, and the mechanical parameters of each part were replaced into the finite element model, and the finite element analysis was carried out by using ANSYS software to study the internal stress changes and displacement deformation of vertebral body and intervertebral disc under the action of "three-dimensional balance manipulation". RESULTS: The established C-C finite element model of the CSR patient consisted of 5 vertebrae, 4 intervertebral discs and 3 ligaments, involving 153 471 nodes and 64 978 units. The stress of C-C vertebral body was mainly located in anterior and root of C spinous processes, arch, vertebral arch and the combination of the two after full loading of manipulation, and the maximum stress was 17.781 MPa. The deformation sites were mainly concentrated in articular processes and anterior transverse processes of C, superior articular processes and transverse processes of C, articular processes of C. The stress of C-C intervertebral disc mainly distributed in the anterior part of C intervertebral disc and the nucleus pulposus of C and C. The displace mentextended to the middle and posterior part of C nucleus pulposus, around the nucleus of C and C and anterior part of cervical intervertebral disc. CONCLUSION The establishment of three-dimensional finite element model of C-C cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can simulate the geometry and material properties of cervical spine, and also accurately reflects the biomechanical characteristics of cervical spine, verifys the internal mechanism of "three-dimensional balanced manipulation" on CSR, proves the safety and effectiveness of treatment, guides more standardized manipulation, and avoids medical accidents.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Radiculopathy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spondylosis

OBJECTIVE: The accuracy of the occlusion vertical dimensions of edentulous Han patients from Yunnan province was compared and analyzed on the basis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-synthesized cephalograms, closest speaking space method, and interocclusal distance. METHODS: A database correlating the CBCT head lateral images of Han patients from Yunnan province with normal occlusal conditions was first constructed. Then, five edentulous Han patients aged 63-78 years old from Yunnan Province were selected. NNT.View software was used to measure and analyze hard tissue cephalometric radiographs that had been transformed by the CBCT marker. The radiographs were then combined with the normal population database for the assessment of occlusion vertical dimensions. The occlusion vertical dimensions determined on the basis of CBCT-synthesized cephalograms, the closest speaking space method, and the free-way space were analyzed. RESULTS: The closest speaking space method was used as the standard control group, the differences between seven methods and the closest speaking space method were analyzed. The seven methods include free-way space method and six CBCT-synthesized cephalograms methods (N-ANS/ANS-Me, S-Go/N-Me, ANS-Gn/N-ANS, ANS-FH/Me-FH, ANS-Xi-Pm, and CA/LA). The seven methods were highly consistent with the closest speaking space method (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.986). The absolute values of the differences between the methods of free-way space, N-ANS/ANS-Me, S-Go/N-Me and the closest speaking space method were lower than those of the other four groups (P<0.05), while the differences between ANS-FH/Me-FH and the closest speaking space method was higher than those other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CBCT-synthesized cephalograms, with the exception of ANS-FH/Me-FH, can provide references for the clinical evaluation of the occlusion vertical dimensions of patients with edentulous jaws.
Aged ; Cephalometry ; China ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Middle Aged ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Vertical Dimension