The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To investigate the relevancy between diet and colostrum nutrition in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters.Methods A total of 378 pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were registered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jun 2022 to Apr 2023 were included in the study by continuous sampling method.General information,diet in the second trimester,diet in the third trimester and colostrum data 48-72 h after delivery were collected.The relevancy between daily dietary nutrient intake and colostrum quality in pregnant women during the second and third trimesters was analyzed.Results All of the 378 subjects met the colostrum collecting criteria.We found that dietary fat intake during the second trimester was positively correlated with colostrum quality(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.086-5.338),and energy was negatively correlated with colostrum quality(OR=0.319,95%CI:0.157-0.651).Dietary protein intake in the third trimester was positively correlated with colostrum quality(OR=5.905,95%CI:1.757-19.842).Conclusion There is a certain relevancy between diet and colostrum nutrition.A reasonable diet during pregnancy is recommended to promote the quality of colostrum.

Aim To invepredict the mechanism of ac-tion and targets of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Zheng Gan Decoction against hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics,and to experimen-tally verify the mechanism of anticancer action of Zheng Gan Decoction against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model.Methods The compounds of CZLF were collected from TCMSP and HERB Herbal Histology Database,and the potential targets of CZLF were predicted from Uniprot Protein Database,and the disease targets of hepatocellular carcinoma were searched with the help of OMIM,TTD,and Gene Cards databases,and then Venny analysis was per-formed on the targets of the disease-drugs,and then the protein-drug interactions(PI)of CZLF were mapped by String database,which was used for the study.After that,we used String database to draw pro-tein-protein interaction(PPI)network,R 4.1.3 soft-ware and Metascape database to enrich gene ontology(GO)and analyze KEGG signaling pathway for the core intersected targets,and finally,we used Cyto-scape 3.8.2 software for visualization to construct"compound-pathway-target-disease".Lastly,Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to visualize and construct a"compound-pathway-target-disease"network diagram,which was finally verified by Western blot experiment.Results Bioinformatics results showed that there were 171 common targets between Zheng Gan Decoction and diseases,and Zheng Gan Decoction might exert its an-ticancer effect through the main active ingredients such as lignans,quercetin,β-glutosterol,ivy saponin,etc.,as well as through the core protein targets such as CASP3,BCL2,AKT1,IL6,etc.,and the modula-tion of the Hippo signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt sig-naling pathway.The results of animal experiments showed that the expression content of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3,BCL-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot,and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins was up-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated in the treatment group of Zheng Gan Decoction.Conclusions This study sug-gests that Zheng Gan Decoction may inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and promote the apop-tosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the apoptosis-related proteins of caspase-3,Bcl-2,and Bax,so as to achieve the effect of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

This paper compared the differences between two kinds of Bufonis Venenum produced by Bufo gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, and verified the rationality of the market value orientation of Bufonis Venenum based on the zebrafish mo-del. Twenty batches of Bufonis Venenum from Jiangsu province, Hebei province, Liaoning province, Jilin province, and Liangshan, Sichuan province, including B. gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, were collected. The UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS combined with principal component analysis was used to compare the differences between two kinds of Bufonis Venenum. According to the limiting conditions of VIP>1, FC<0.5 or FC>2.0, and peak total area ratio>1%, 9 differential markers were determined, which were cinobufagin, cinobufotalin, arenobufagin, resibufogenin, scillaredin A, resibufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-arenobufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-marinobufagin, and 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-resibufogenin. The content of 20 batches of Bufonis Venenum was determined according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the 2 batches of Bufonis Venenum, CS7(8.99% of total content) and CS9(5.03% of total content), with the largest difference in the total content of the three quality control indexes of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin) were selected to evaluate their anti-liver tumor activity based on the zebrafish model. The tumor inhibition rates of the 2 batches were 38.06% and 45.29%, respectively, proving that only using the quality control indexes of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the value orientation of Bufonis Venenum market circulation was unreasonable. This research provides data support for the effective utilization of Bufonis Venenum resources and the establishment of a rational quality evaluation system of Bufonis Venenum.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Bufanolides/analysis* ; Bufonidae ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Quality Control ; Cell Line, Tumor

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of varicella public health emergency events (PHEEs) in Xinwu District from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data was retrieved from ^“Public Health Emergency Management Information System^” in "Chinese Disease Control Information System" and ^“Jiangsu Provincial Vaccine Management Information System^”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the data. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 35 varicella PHEEs were reported in Xinwu District from 2016 to 2020, accounting for 57.38% of all PHEEs of infectious diseases in the same period. A total of 1 033 cases were reported, with an attack rate of 1.91%. The events showed a bimodal distribution. A small peak occurred from April to June, and the number of events accounted for 17.14%. A large peak occurred from November to January of the following year, and the number of events accounted for 82.86%. All events occurred in schools. Kindergartens were the most dangerous places, and the number of events accounted for 45.71%. Preschoolers aged 3-6 years accounted for 48.83% of the total cases, and the male-to-female ratio of students was 1.40:1. Among 234 cases with a history of immunization with Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine (VarV), the longer the time interval from the date of VarV inoculation to the data of onset, the higher the proportion of varicella cases. Varicella PHEEs reporting time was positively correlated with duration (r_s=0.391 , P<0.05). Conclusion Early detection, early reporting and early isolation can effectively control the duration of the event. School varicella surveillance should be strengthened during the epidemic peak period. Preschoolers are vulnerable groups. It is suggested that VarV should be included in the inspection work for enrollment in kindergartens.

Objective: To trace and characterize the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 of confirmed cases in the outbreak of COVID-19 on July 31, 2021 in Henan Province. Method: Genome-wide sequencing and comparative analysis were performed on positive nucleic acid samples of SARS-CoV-2 from 167 local cases related to the epidemic on July 31, 2021, to analyze the consistency and evolution of the whole genome sequence of virus. Results: Through high-throughput sequencing, a total of 106 cases of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences were obtained. The results of genome analysis showed that the whole genome sequences of 106 cases belonged to the VOC/Delta variant strain (B.1.617.2 clade), and the whole genome sequences of 106 cases were shared with the genomes of 3 imported cases from Myanmar admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou. On the basis of 45 nucleotide sites, 1-5 nucleotide variation sites were added, and the genome sequence was highly homologous. Conclusion: Combined with the comprehensive analysis of viral genomics, transmission path simulation experiments and epidemiology, it is determined that the local new epidemic in Henan Province is caused by imported cases in the nosocomial area, and the spillover has caused localized infection in the community. At the same time, it spills over to some provincial cities and results in localized clustered epidemics.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Genome, Viral ; Epidemics ; Phylogeny

Background and Objectives: Chronic inflammation of bone tissue often results in bone defects and hazards to tissue repair and regeneration. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural cannabinoid with multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CBD in the promotion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods: and Results: BMSCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice, expressed stem cell characteristic surface markers and pre-sented multidirectional differentiation potential. The CCK-8 assay was applied to evaluate the effects of CBD on BMSCs’ vitality, and demonstrating the safety of CBD on BMSCs. Then, BMSCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory microenvironment. We found that CBD intervention down-regulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and promoted cells proliferation in LPS-treated BMSCs, also reversed the protein and mRNA levels downregulation of osteogenic markers caused by LPS treatment. Moreover, CBD intervention activated the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. While AM630, a selective CB2 inhibitor, reduced phosphorylated (p)-p38 levels. In addition, AM630 and SB530689, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated the enhancement of osteogenic markers expression levels by CBD in inflammatory microenvironment, respectively. Conclusions CBD promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the CB2/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the inflammatory microenvironment.

In this study, 280 batches of Zingiberis Rhizoma samples from nine producing areas were analyzed to obtain infrared spectral information based on near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). Pluralistic chemometrics such as principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), K-nearest neighbors(KNN), support vector machine(SVM), random forest(RF), artificial neural network(ANN), and gradient boosting(GB) were applied for tracing of origins. The results showed that the discriminative accuracy of the spectral preprocessing by standard normal variate transformation coupled with the first derivative was 93.9%, which could be used for the construction of the discrimination model. PCA and PLS-DA score plots showed that samples from Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou could be effectively distinguished, but the remaining samples were partially overlapped. As revealed by the analysis results by machine learning algorithms, the AUC values of KNN, SVM, RF, ANN, and GB algorithms were 0.96, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively, with overall prediction accuracies of 83.3%, 89.3%, 90.5%, 91.7%, and 89.3%. It indicated that the developed model was reliable and the machine learning algorithm combined with NIRS for origin identification was sufficiently feasible. OPLS-DA showed that Zingiberis Rhizoma from Sichuan(genuine producing areas) could be significantly distinguished from other regions, with good discriminative accuracy, suggesting that the NIRS established in this study combined with chemometrics can be used for the identification of Zingiberis Rhizoma from Sichuan. This study established a rapid and nondestructive identification and reliable data analysis method for origin identification of Zingiberis Rhizoma, which is expected to provide a new idea for the origin tracing of Chinese medicinal materials.
Algorithms ; Chemometrics ; China ; Ginger ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Plant Extracts ; Principal Component Analysis ; Support Vector Machine

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of hypomenthylating agents (HMA) combined with Venetoclax (VEN) and half dose priming regimen (CAG-like) in the treatment of elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were not suitable for intensive chemotherapy. METHODS: The clinical data of 43 newly diagnosed elderly patients with AML who were not suitable for intensive chemotherapy in our hospital from April 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 cases received HMA-VEN regimen and 27 cases received HMA-CAG-like regimen. The remission rate, early mortality and survival were compared between the two groups. And, the patients were grouped according to HCT-CI score. The effects of two different regimens in different groups on the efficacy and survival of patients were compared, and the prognosis of patients was further analyzed. RESULTS: After one course of treatment, the total remission rate of HMA-VEN group and HMA-CAG-like group was 81.3% (13/16) and 51.9% (14/27), respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.650, P=0.045). The median overall survival (OS) time of HMA-VEN group had not yet reached, while that of HMA-CAG-like group was 11.2 months, and the HMA-VEN group had a longer OS (P=0.055). There was no tumor lysis syndrome occurred in both groups. The main adverse reactions were digestive tract reaction, bone marrow suppression and infection. The amount of agranulocytosis infection, pulmonary infection and platelet infusion in HMA-VEN group were significantly lower than those in HMA-CAG-like group (P<0.05), while the time of agranulocytosis and amount of erythrocyte infusion were similar (P>0.05). In HMA-Ven group 1 case died early, while in HMA-CAG-like group 8 cases died early due to pulmonary infection, respiratory failure, cerebral hemorrhage, and alveolar hemorrhage, the mortality in HMA-CAG-like group was significantly higher than that in HMA-VEN group (P=0.043). Among 43 patients, there was a significant difference in OS between HCT score 0-2 group and ≥3 group (P=0.033). In HMA-CAG-like group, patients with HCT score ≥3 had a worse prognosis (P=0.01), while in HMA-VEN group patients showed no statistically significant difference in prognosis (P=0.681). In HCT score 0-2 group, 9 cases receiving HMA-VEN regimen and 22 cases receiving HMA-CAG-like regimen showed no statistical difference in OS (P=0.281). In HCT score ≥3 group, 7 cases receiving HMA-VEN regimen had a longer OS than 5 cases receiving HMA-CAG-like regimen (P=0.015). CONCLUSION Venetoclax combined with HMA can achieve higher response rate, lower early mortality, and longer OS, especially in those with more comorbidities and poor tolerability.
Humans ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy*