Objective To investigate the relationship between the therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and cytokines in aqueous humor in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods From July 2023 to December 2023,50 DR patients(56 eyes)who were treated with anti-VEGF drugs in the Department of Ophthal-mology,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were included in this study.The patients were divided into the diabetic macular edema(DME)group(30 patients,36 eyes)and the proliferative DR(PDR)group(20 patients,20 eyes).Patients in the DME group received an intravitreal injection of aflibercept once a month for three consecutive times,with aqueous humor extracted before each injection.Patients in the PDR group received an intravitreal injection of aflibercept one week before vitrectomy,with aqueous humor extracted before injection and during vitrectomy,respective-ly.The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A),placental growth factor(PLGF),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-23,IL-17A,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the aqueous humor were detected using the Luminex as-say.Before injection therapy,all patients underwent best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular thickness(CMT)examinations,and their correlations with cytokine concentrations in DR patients before injection therapy were ana-lyzed.Results Compared to before injection therapy,the concentrations of VEGF-A,PLGF,and IL-23 in the aqueous humor of patients in the DME group decreased significantly after treatment(all P＜0.05);additionally,the CMT de-creased,and the BCVA increased(both P＜0.05).After injection therapy,the concentrations of VEGF,PLGF,IL-1β,IL-23,IL-17A,and TNF-α in the aqueous humor of patients in the PDR group significantly decreased compared to before injec-tion therapy(all P＜0.05).Before injection therapy,the levels of VEGF-A,PLGF,and IL-23 in the aqueous humor of pa-tients in the DME group were higher than those in the PDR group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The correlation analysis results showed that before injection therapy,VEGF was negatively correlated with BCVA(r=-0.767,P=0.004)and was positively correlated with CMT(r=0.662,P=0.019)and IL-23(r=0.765,P=0.004)in the DME group.There was no correlation between the cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients in the PDR group be-fore injection therapy(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Changes in the concentration of VEGF-A,PLGF,and IL-23 are closely related to the occurrence and development of DR.Anti-VEGF treatment can improve BCVA and decrease CMT in DME pa-tients.The expression level of IL-23 in aqueous humor can serve as a predictive factor for the anti-VEGF efficacy in DR pa-tients,providing new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DR.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetic residents in Longyan of Fujian Province.Methods:A investigative research. From January 2022 to December 2023, a total of 10 061 diabetic patients enrolled in the chronic disease follow-up management system from 112 towns and sub-districts in 7 counties and districts of Longyan of Fujian Province were selected as the target population. A questionnaire survey, routine physical examination, vision test, and non-mydriatic fundus photography were conducted. A total of 762 cases with missing height, weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and diabetes duration, and 507 cases with unclear fundus photography were excluded, resulting in 8 792 cases included in the final statistical analysis. DR diagnosis and classification were based on the 2019 International Clinical Classification of DR. The prevalence of DR was calculated for single-eye or double-eye DR cases as 1 case; the more severe eye was used for DR grading in double-eye DR cases. Statistical analysis was performed by grouping based on the presence or absence of DR and dividing into age groups ≤67 years and >67 years. χ2 test was used to analyze factors associated with prevalence; binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors of DR. Results:Among the 8 792 cases, 888 (10.1%, 888/8 792) were diagnosed with DR (DR group), and 7 904 (89.9%, 7 904/8 792) had no DR (non-DR group). Compared to the non-DR group, the DR group showed significant increases in FPG ( Z=-12.448), diabetes duration ( Z=-18.936), systolic blood pressure ( Z=-4.237), diastolic blood pressure ( Z=-2.881), and body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m 2 ( P<0.001). Significant differences were also found between the two groups in hypertension ( χ2=11.450), hyperlipidemia ( χ2=5.100), kidney disease ( χ2=7.039), family history of diabetes ( χ2=5.025), and regular medication use ( χ2=66.034) ( P<0.05). There were 4 688 cases in the ≤67 years group and 4 104 in the >67 years group. In the ≤67 years group, significant differences in DR prevalence were found for FPG levels ( χ2=111.754), diabetes duration ( χ2=231.658), BMI ( χ2=12.404), systolic blood pressure ( χ2=17.912), regular medication use ( χ2=40.727), hyperlipidemia ( χ2=6.816), and hypertension history ( χ2=6.775) ( P<0.05). In the >67 years group, significant differences in DR prevalence were found for FPG levels ( χ2=59.916), diabetes duration ( χ2=128.362), systolic blood pressure ( χ2=5.183), regular medication use ( χ2=22.097), kidney disease ( χ2=6.251), and family history of diabetes duration ( χ2=4.967) ( P<0.05). No significant differences in DR prevalence were found based on sex, education level, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, heart disease history, or other family disease history ( P>0.05). Logistics regression analysis results show that patients aged >67 years, FPG [odds ratio (OR)=1.074, 95%confidence interval ( CI) 1.046-1.102], diabetes duration ( OR=1.088, 95% CI 1.071-1.106), systolic blood pressure ( OR=1.007, 95% CI 1.001-1.013), and kidney disease ( OR=3.617, 95% CI 1.268-10.320) were identified as risk factors for DR ( P<0.05). In patients aged ≤67 years, FPG ( OR=1.088, 95% CI 1.067-1.110), diabetes duration ( OR=1.108, 95% CI 1.091-1.125), and systolic blood pressure ( OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.003-1.013) were identified as independent risk factors for DR ( P<0.05), while BMI ≥24 kg/m 2 ( OR=0.934, 95% CI 0.908-0.965) was a protective factor for DR ( P<0.05). Age, regular medication use, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified as potential confounding factors for DR occurrence. Conclusions:The prevalence of DR among diabetes patients in Longyan of Fujian Province, is 10.1%. FPG, diabete duration, and systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for DR, while age, regular medication use, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are potential confounding factors for DR occurrence.

A retrospective study was conducted on data of 23 patients with pancreatic duct diseases who were underwent peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) at the Pancreatic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2020 to October 2022. The intraoperative observation, postoperative complications, and the diagnosis and treatment of POPS for pancreatic duct diseases were analyzed. All patients underwent POPS and achieved technical success. Among them, 7 patients were diagnosed as having intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of pancreas and 3 pancreatic malignant tumor. Eight patients with pancreatolithiasis accepted laser or eletrohydraulic lithotripsy under POPS. Abdominal pain improved in 2 patients with chronic pancreatitis after treatment. Melena disappeared in 2 patients with pancreatic duct hemorrhage or pancreatic enterostomy inflammation after conservative treatment. The symptom of 1 patient with pancreatic enterostomy stenosis improved after balloon dilation. There was no complication in the 23 patients, and the operation time was 35-90 min. The results indicate POPS is safe, effective with distinctive advantages in the diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic duct diseases.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the auxiliary teaching mode based on WeChat Official Platform in pathology teaching.Methods:With the help of WeChat Official Platform, the "Pathology Experimental Course Platform of Qiqihar Medical University" (bilingual) was designed and formed. For the international students in the experimental group, teachers designed, developed and generated teaching resources in advance according to the requirements of pathology syllabus for international students and teaching contents, and post them on the platform. At the end of the term, they had pathology examination with the same difficulty as the control group, and their results were comparatively analyzed. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was designated to evaluate the teaching process and effects, to find out whether the platform work for the students to obtain more extracurricular knowledge and improve learning efficiency. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test. Results:Compared with the control group [(7.56±0.12) points and (53.20±0.70) points], the experimental group's scores of experimental assessment [(8.59±0.13) points] increased significantly ( P<0.05), and the scores of theoretical assessment [(56.23±0.60) points] also increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:With the help of the WeChat Official Platform, the auxiliary teaching mode breaks the limitation of time and space, enables foreign students to study and observe more actively, consolidates basic theoretical knowledge, strengthens the ability to observe disease lesions and clinical thinking ability, promotes international students' understanding of the relationship between pathological changes and clinical symptoms and signs, and improves their academic performances.

In order to explore the application of the teaching mode based on WeChat official platform in the teaching of experimental pathology for international students, the students are required to browse the teaching objectives and the general pictures and microscopic pictures of experimental specimens on the public platform before the experimental class, and get in touch with the preliminary diagnosis of pathology at an early stage, contact with the preliminary diagnosis of pathology early, and consolidate and expand their knowledge after class by using the platform. The research shows that the mixed teaching mode based on the official platform can improve the diagnostic thinking of foreign students in pathology, deepen their understanding of pathology, increase the interaction between teachers and students and the supervision of teachers on students, and enhance their interest in learning.

Objective: To analyze the plague monitoring results in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018, to master the changes in rat density and the prevalence of plague in rats, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague. Methods: According to "The Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia", we surveyed Siziwang Banner, Chahar Right Back Banner, Huade County, and Shangdu County of Ulanqab City from April to November 2018 to monitor the plague. Rat density was surveyed using a one-day bow clamp method; small rodent was surveyed using a 5 m clamping method. Rodents were obtained by sample method, 5 m clamping method, daily method, collecting dead animals and the like, and fleas were picked up from the captured rats and rat nest. The rodents and fleas were carried out pathogen detection, the serum of rodents was tested by indirect hemagglutination test. Laboratory test results were analyzed based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Plague" (WS 279-2008). Results: Totally 1 463 mice were captured overlapping a monitored area of 416 hm², the average rat density was 3.52 per hectare; the number of Meriones unguiculatus was 1 235, and the rat density was 2.97 per hectare. Totally 1 603 mice were grooming, 404 mice with fleas, the flea infected rate was 25.20%, the number of fleas were 1 348, and the flea index was 0.84. A total of 22 mouse nests were dug, 17 nests with fleas, the flea infected rate was 77.27%, the number of fleas were 131, and the flea index was 5.95. Totally 1 603 rodents were checked by etiology, the results showed that 7 plague rats were all Meriones unguiculatus. Totally 1 479 fleas of 581 groups were cultured, 14 fleas of 5 groups were detected, 3 fleas of 1 group in Siziwang Banner, and 11 fleas of 4 groups in Huade County. Totally 243 samples of murine animal serum were tested and the results were all negative. Conclusions The epidemic of plague in Ulanqab City is in an active state, so monitoring should be strengthened in this area to prevent the prevalence of human plague.

Objective To evaluate the role of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in pyroptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats.Methods SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 210-230 g,were studied.Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1％ streptozotocin 60 mg/kg.Forty-two rats with type 1 DM were divided into 4 groups using a random number table method:sham operation group (DS group,n =6),myocardial I/R group (DI/R group,n =12),myocardial I/R plus caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK group (DI/R+Ac group,n=12) and myocardial I/R plus NLRP3 inhibitor BAY11-7082 group (DI/R+BAY group,n=12).Eighteen healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group (group S,n =6) and myocardial I/R group (group I/R,n =12).Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion at 8 weeks after successful establishment of the type 1 DM model.Ac-YVAD-CMK 1.5 mg/kg and BAY1 1-7082 5 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before reperfusion in DI/R+Ac group and DI/R+BAY group,respectively.At the end of reperfusion,the myocardial infarct size was measured using TTC staining,the activities of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the ultrastructure of myocardium was observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of NLRP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) in myocardial tissues was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group S or group DS,the activities of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased,and the expression of NLRP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1,ASC and IL-1β was down-regulated in I/R and DI/R groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group DI/R,the percentage of myocardial infarct size and activities of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased,and the expression of NLRP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1,ASC and IL-1β was down-regulated in group I/R,the percentage of myocardial infarct size and activities of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased,and the expression of pro-caspase-1,ASC and IL-1 β was down-regulated in group DI/R+Ac,and the percentage of myocardial infarct size and activities of serum CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased,and the expression of NLRP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1,ASC and IL-1β was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of myocardium were significantly attenuated in group DI/R+BAY.Conclusion The mechanism of pyroptosis during myocardial I/R may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic rats.

Objective To discuss the ultrasonic features and diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of the injury of triangular fibrous cartilage complex (TFCC) of wrist joint.Methods The ultrasonic features of 32 patients with pathology confirmed unilateral TFCC injury were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative MRI and ultrasound data were complete.The difference between the two methods in diagnosis of TFCC injury were contrasted.Results The major ultrasonic features of the injure of TFCC included form swelled,structures disorganized,inhomogeneous echoes,irregular echoless in damaged place.The flow signals could be displayed from the tear opening edge of the injured TFCC by CDFI.Among 32 cases of TFCC injury,there were 26 cases (26/32,81.25％) diagnosed by ultrasound and 27 cases (27/32,84.38％) diagnosed by MRI.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of the two methods for TFCC injury (x2 =0.143,P=0.706).Conclusion High frequency ultrasound can be used to diagnose the injury of TFCC accurately,and can provide imaging evidence simply and rapidly for clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of circulating miR-125b-5p in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.Methods With case-control study,80 cases of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were recruited in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from February 2014 to august 2015.According to coronary angiography result they were divided into two groups: there are coronary artery stenosis group(n=49)and control group(n=31).All patients were also divided into non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction group(n=35),unstable angina group group(n=25),stable angina group(n=20).The level of miR-125b-5p before coronary angiograph was detected.By independent sample t test and variance analysis,the levels of miR-125b-5p were compared between the groups of coronary artery stenosis and the group with no stenosis of the coronary artery,the coronary artery lesions in each group,and between the various types of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease respectively.Results MiR-125b-5p expression level of Coronary artery stenosis group(0.35±0.10)was lower than that in group coronary artery with no stenosis(0.95±0.12),the difference was statistically significant(t=24.179,P<0.000 1).With the increase in the number of diseased coronary arteries,miR-125b-5p expression level decreased gradually.There is also statistical significance(t=8.399,P<0.000 1; t=13.067,P<0.000 1)in miR-125b-5p expression among NSTEMI+STEMI,UA and SAP groups.miR-125b-5p expression level was negatively correlated with Gensini score(R2=0.822,P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of miR-125b-5p was 0.86(95％CI 0.67-0.90),and 0.66 was the optimal cut-off value with sensitivity of 81.22％and specificity of 78.62％.Conclusions With the increase of the number of stenosis,plasma miR-125b-5p expression level decreased gradually.The expression level of miR-125b-5p was negatively correlated with the Gensini score of coronary artery,which indicated that the expression level of miR-125b-5p may be a potential biomarker that can reflect the lesion degree of coronary artery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound elastography and radiography in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods Seventy patients with chronic hepatitis B were en-rolled in our hospital from August 2014 to August 2016. Liver ultrasonography was performed in all patients. HAVTT1 and HAVTT2 were measured by visual method. SWV was measured by ultrasonic elasticity imaging. Re-sults With the increase of liver fibrosis,SWV test also increased,while HAVTT gradually shortened.The correct rates of HAVTT1 and HAVTT2 and SWV in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis were 72.36%,76.84% and 89.78%.The diagnostic accuracy of SWV was higher than that of HAVTT1 and HAVTT2,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05).Conclusion Acoustic contrast measurement of HAVTT1 and HAVTT2 can reflect the chang-es of liver microcirculation,which is helpful to distinguish liver cirrhosis,fibrosis and no fibrosis. The measure-ment of SWV can reflect the difference of texture hardness of liver,which can be used as a kind of judgment on the degree and effect of hepatic fibrosis new method.