Objective:The National Central Cancer Registry estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022, using incidence and mortality data collected by the National Cancer Center.Methods:According to the data of 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2010 to 2018, the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the incidence rate and mortality rate of all cancers and 23 types of cancer in 2022, stratified by gender and urban and rural areas. We estimated the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022 based on the estimated rate and population data in 2022.Results:The estimated results showed that in 2022, there were approximately 4 824 700 new cancer cases in China (2 533 900 in males and 2 290 800 in females), with an age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population (ASIR) of 208.58 per 100 000 (212.67 per 100 000 for males and 208.08 per 100 000 for females). Approximately 2 903 900 new cancer cases occurred in urban areas, with an ASIR of 212.95 per 100 000. It was estimated about 1 920 800 new cancer cases in rural areas, and the ASIR was 199.65 per 100 000. The top five cancers (lung cancer 1 060 600, colorectal cancer 517 100, thyroid cancer 466 100, liver cancer 367 700 and female breast cancer 357 200) accounted for 57.4% of all new cases. The estimated number of deaths from cancer in China in 2022 was 2 574 200 (1 629 300 in males and 944 900 in females), with an age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population (ASMR) of 97.08 per 100 000 (127.70 per 100 000 in males and 68.67 per 100 000 in females). The number of deaths from cancer in urban and rural areas was about 1 400 600 and 1 173 400, with the ASMR of 92.37 and 103.97 per 100 000 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The top five leading cause of cancers death (lung cancer 733 300, liver cancer 316 500, gastric cancer 260 400, colorectal cancer 240 000 and esophageal cancer 187 500) accounted for 67.5% of all cancer deaths. Lung cancer ranked first in the incidence and mortality in men and women. The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, while the mortality rate was lower than that in rural areas.Conclusions:The burden of cancer in China is still relatively heavy, with significant differences in cancer patterns in gender, urban-rural, and regional. The burden of cancer presents a coexistence of developed and developing countries, and the situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.

Objective:The National Central Cancer Registry estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022, using incidence and mortality data collected by the National Cancer Center.Methods:According to the data of 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2010 to 2018, the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the incidence rate and mortality rate of all cancers and 23 types of cancer in 2022, stratified by gender and urban and rural areas. We estimated the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022 based on the estimated rate and population data in 2022.Results:The estimated results showed that in 2022, there were approximately 4 824 700 new cancer cases in China (2 533 900 in males and 2 290 800 in females), with an age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population (ASIR) of 208.58 per 100 000 (212.67 per 100 000 for males and 208.08 per 100 000 for females). Approximately 2 903 900 new cancer cases occurred in urban areas, with an ASIR of 212.95 per 100 000. It was estimated about 1 920 800 new cancer cases in rural areas, and the ASIR was 199.65 per 100 000. The top five cancers (lung cancer 1 060 600, colorectal cancer 517 100, thyroid cancer 466 100, liver cancer 367 700 and female breast cancer 357 200) accounted for 57.4% of all new cases. The estimated number of deaths from cancer in China in 2022 was 2 574 200 (1 629 300 in males and 944 900 in females), with an age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population (ASMR) of 97.08 per 100 000 (127.70 per 100 000 in males and 68.67 per 100 000 in females). The number of deaths from cancer in urban and rural areas was about 1 400 600 and 1 173 400, with the ASMR of 92.37 and 103.97 per 100 000 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The top five leading cause of cancers death (lung cancer 733 300, liver cancer 316 500, gastric cancer 260 400, colorectal cancer 240 000 and esophageal cancer 187 500) accounted for 67.5% of all cancer deaths. Lung cancer ranked first in the incidence and mortality in men and women. The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, while the mortality rate was lower than that in rural areas.Conclusions:The burden of cancer in China is still relatively heavy, with significant differences in cancer patterns in gender, urban-rural, and regional. The burden of cancer presents a coexistence of developed and developing countries, and the situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.

Background::Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.Methods::In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).Results::In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.Conclusion::These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.

Objective:To study the neuroprotective effect of Chuanjin Jieyu decoction on a chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS) induced depression rat model.Methods:A total of 48 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected, with 12 rats as the control group, and the remaining rats were used to establish a CUMS depression model. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: CUMS group, fluoxetine group, and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group; 0.9% sodium chloride solution fluoxetine and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction were respectively administered for intervention for 4 weeks. After modeling and intervention, depression levels in rats were measured through open field experiments and sugar water preference experiments; After intervention, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine protein kinase receptor B (TrkB), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) mRNA in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of BDNF and NeuN. Western blot was used to detect the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Results:After modeling, the sugar consumption, sugar preference, vertical and horizontal movement results of the CUMS group, fluoxetine group, and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.01); After intervention, the above indicators in the CUMS group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01). The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were higher than those in the CUMS group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), but lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and CREB in the CUMS group, the fluoxetine group, and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01); The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly higher than those in the CUMS group (all P<0.01). The immunofluorescence results showed that the expression levels of BDNF and NeuN in the CUMS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01); The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were higher than those in the CUMS group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and all indicators in the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group and the NeuN expression level in the fluoxetine group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of GFAP protein in the CUMS group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01); The expression of GFAP protein in the fluoxetine group was higher than that in the CUMS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Chuanjin Jieyu decoction can improve the behavioral indicators of depression in rats, increase the expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB, and NeuN in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting that Chuanjin Jieyu decoction may exert neuroprotective effects through the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.

ObjectiveA method was developed for the rapid determination of 18 common disinfection by-products including halogenated oxides and haloacetic acid （HAAs） in drinking water by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. MethodThe water sample was filtered by 0.22 μm hydrophilic membrane then the analytes were separated on a PFP （2.1 mm× 100 mm， 2.7 μm） pentafluorophenyl column with 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase gradient elution. Ionization in anionic electrospray mode was detected by multi-reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. The external standard method was used for quantitation. ResultsThe correlation coefficients of 18 disinfection by-products were above 0.999 in the corresponding linear range. The average spiked recoveries of 1， 10 and20 times of LOQ of each analyte were 91.6%‒101.8%， and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1.2%‒6.4%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.020‒2 μg·L^-1 and 0.050‒5 μg·L^-1， respectively. ConclusionThis method is simple， sensitive and accurate， and could be used for the routine analysis of 18 common disinfection by-products in drinking water.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors characterized by variable biology and delayed diagnosis. However, the nationwide epidemiology of NENs has never been reported in China. We aimed to estimate the incidence and survival statistics of NENs in China, in comparison to those in the United States during the same period. METHODS: Based on the data from 246 population-based cancer registries covering 272.5 million people of China, we calculated age-specific incidence on NENs in 2017 and multiplied by corresponding national population to estimate the nationwide incidence in China. The data of 22 population-based cancer registries were used to estimate the trends of NENs incidence from 2000 to 2017 through the Joinpoint regression model. We used the cohort approach to analyze the 5-year age-standardized relative survival by sex, age group, and urban-rural area between 2008 and 2013, based on data from 176 high-quality cancer registries. We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 program to estimate the comparable incidence and survival of NENs in the United States. RESULTS: The overall age-standardized rate (ASR) of NENs incidence was lower in China (1.14 per 100,000) than in the United States (6.26 per 100,000). The most common primary sites were lungs, pancreas, stomach, and rectum in China. The ASRs of NENs incidence increased by 9.8% and 3.6% per year in China and the United States, respectively. The overall 5-year relative survival in China (36.2%) was lower than in the United States (63.9%). The 5-year relative survival was higher for female patients than male patients, and was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS The disparities in burden of NENs persist across sex, area, age group, and site in China and the United States. These findings may provide a scientific basis on prevention and control of NENs in the two countries.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; United States/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology* ; Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Registries ; Urban Population ; China/epidemiology*

The automatic recognition technology of muscle fatigue has widespread application in the field of kinesiology and rehabilitation medicine. In this paper, we used surface electromyography (sEMG) to study the recognition of leg muscle fatigue during circuit resistance training. The purpose of this study was to solve the problem that the sEMG signals have a lot of noise interference and the recognition accuracy of the existing muscle fatigue recognition model is not high enough. First, we proposed an improved wavelet threshold function denoising algorithm to denoise the sEMG signal. Then, we build a muscle fatigue state recognition model based on long short-term memory (LSTM), and used the Holdout method to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, the denoising effect of the improved wavelet threshold function denoising method proposed in this paper was compared with the denoising effect of the traditional wavelet threshold denoising method. We compared the performance of the proposed muscle fatigue recognition model with that of particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The results showed that the new wavelet threshold function had better denoising performance than hard and soft threshold functions. The accuracy of LSTM network model in identifying muscle fatigue was 4.89% and 2.47% higher than that of PSO-SVM and CNN, respectively. The sEMG signal denoising method and muscle fatigue recognition model proposed in this paper have important implications for monitoring muscle fatigue during rehabilitation training and exercise.
Electromyography ; Memory, Short-Term ; Muscle Fatigue ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Recognition, Psychology

BACKGROUND: Family clustering of esophageal cancer (EC) has been found in high-risk areas of China. However, the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (ECPL) have not been comprehensively reported in recent years. This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations. METHODS: This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019, based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer. The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy, and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions. Information on demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and cancer family history was collected. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL. RESULTS: Among 33,008 participants, 6143 (18.61%) reported positive family history of EC. The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas. After adjusting for risk factors, participants with a family history of positive cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.62), 1.52-fold (95% CI: 1.38-1.67), or 1.66-fold (95% CI: 1.50-1.84) higher risks of ECPL, respectively. Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives (FDR) of positive EC history had 1.65-fold (95% CI: 1.47-1.84) or 1.93-fold (95% CI: 1.46-2.54) higher risks of ECPL. Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35, 45, and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold (95% CI: 1.30-12.65), 2.11-fold (95% CI: 1.37-3.25), and 1.91-fold (95% CI: 1.44-2.54) higher risks of ECPL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL. This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset. Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.
Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology* ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

Cyanobacteria are important photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms and are considered as one of the most promising microbial chassises for photosynthetic cell factories. Glycogen is the most important natural carbon sink of cyanobacteria, playing important roles in regulating its intracellular carbon distributions. In order to optimize the performances of cyanobacterial photosynthetic cell factories and drive more photosynthetic carbon flow toward the synthesis of desired metabolites, many strategies and approaches have been developed to manipulate the glycogen metabolism in cyanobacteria. However, the disturbances on glycogen metabolism usually cause complex effects on the physiology and metabolism of cyanobacterial cells. Moreover, the effects on synthesis efficiencies of different photosynthetic cell factories usually differ. In this manuscript, we summarized the recent progress on engineering cyanobacterial glycogen metabolism, analyzed and compared the physiological and metabolism effects caused by engineering glycogen metabolism in different cyanobacteria species, and prospected the future trends of this strategy on optimizing cyanobacterial photosynthetic cell factories.
Carbon/metabolism* ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism* ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism* ; Glycogen/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Photosynthesis/physiology*

Objective To explore the expression of miR-101-3p in gastric cancer and its mechanism on the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells by targeting the STC-1 gene to regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-101-3p and STC-1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and BGC-823 cell and analyze the relationship between miR-101-3p expression and patients' clinical pathological factors. The cells were transfected with miRNA mimics and plasmids separately or in combination with Lipofectamine^TM 2000. TargetScanHuman prediction and dual-luciferase assay were used to verify the targeted regulation of miR-101-3p on STC-1. The effect and possible mechanism of miR-101-3p targeting the STC-1 gene on the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells were verified by scratch test, Transwell chamber test, Matrigel in vitro tube forming test, and Western blot assay. The development of the transplanted tumor was detected by nude mouse tumorigenicity test. Results The expression of STC-1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. Compared with normal gastric tissues and GES-1 cells, miR-101-3p was down-regulated, and STC-1 mRNA was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and BGC-823 cell. The level of miR-101-3p was negatively correlated with the level of STC-1, and significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). miR-101-3p directly targeted STC-1. The overexpression of miR-101-3p inhibited STC-1 expression and downregulated the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and Ang2, consequently, inhibited tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and reduced the size and weight of the transplanted tumors (P < 0.05). Conclusion miR-101-3p is down-regulated in gastric cancer and can target the STC-1 gene to regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibit the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells and the development of transplanted tumors in vivo.