Noise is a common occupational hazard in workplaces. Long-term exposure to high-intensity noise mainly causes occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL). The development of ONIHL is irreversible, and there is currently no cure. At present, risk assessment methods based on noise exposure intensities mainly include risk index assessment method, Engineering Professional Council assessment method in United Kingdom (EDC assessment method in UK), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health assessment method in United State (NIOSH assessment method in US), and International Standardization Organization assessment method (ISO assessment method). However, the risk index assessment method is subjective and does not consider the effectiveness of workers wearing protective equipment. The EDC assessment method in UK defines ONIHL differently from China. The NIOSH assessment method in US and ISO assessment methods have population data sources that deviate from China, which can lead to bias in risk assessment. In the future, it is necessary to further carry out application research on the risk assessment of ONIHL in Chinese noise-exposed workers, compare the applicabilities of various assessment methods, conduct large-sample population epidemiological studies for verification, and fully utilize the risk-prediction function to prevent and control ONIHL.

ObjectiveTo analyze the results of fit testing and its influencing factors on half-mask respirator among workers exposed to organic solvents. Methods A total of 84 workers exposed to organic solvents were selected as the research subjects using a convenience sampling method. The qualitative fit test apparatus of respiratory protection was tested after the workers had put on the half-mask respirats, and 11 facial indicators of the subjects were measured. Results The overall pass rate of the respirator fit testing was 71.4% (60/84). The lowest pass rate was 63.1% (53/84), which occurred during bending movements of workers. The head width, minimum forehead width, face length, nose length, nose depth, head circumference and head length were higher in workers who passed respirator fit testing, compared with those in the failing group (all P<0.05). The result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender and face width were influencing factors of the respirator fit testing (both P<0.05). Female workers had a lower pass rate of the fit testing than male workers, and workers with larger face width had a lower pass rate in the fit testing. Conclusion Drastic movement may lead to a decrease in the seal of half-mask respirator of workers exposed to organic solvents. When providing half-mask respirator to workers exposed to organic solvents, employers need to pay attention to the fit of respirators of female works and those with larger face width to ensure the effectiveness of respiratory protection for workers.

Objective:To understand the current situation of noise hazard in a motor manufacturing enterprise, and to explore the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective device and its possible influencing factors.Methods:In November 2021, a total of 179 noise workers wearing hearing protective devices in a motor manufacturing company in a city were selected as research objects. Personal attenuation rating (PAR) of workers wearing hearing protective devices was measured. Baseline PAR was analyzed for different subgroups of basic demographic information, noise exposure, and the use of hearing protective devices to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Baseline PAR was compared using nonparametric tests.Results:There were 179 workers from 35 positions in 4 types of work, and the over-standard noise rate was 51.2% (42/82), among which the noise exposure intensity of motor equipment debugging workers was the highest [94.4 dB (A) ]. Compared the baseline PAR of different characteristics, it was found that the baseline PAR of male workers, workers whose daily noise exposure time were <8 h, workers who had used the hearing protective devices for 10 to 14 years, and workers who thought the hearing protective devices were comfortable were all higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Baseline PAR passing rate was 43.0% (77/179), and PAR of 102 workers who did not pass baseline test increased from 0 (0, 3) dB before intervention to 14 (12, 16) dB after intervention, with statistical significance ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The noise hazard in this motor manufacturing enterprise is serious, and the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective devices is not good. Gender, daily noise exposure time, years and comfort of wearing hearing protective device are the possible influencing factors of poor protective effect.

Objective:To understand the current situation of noise hazard in a motor manufacturing enterprise, and to explore the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective device and its possible influencing factors.Methods:In November 2021, a total of 179 noise workers wearing hearing protective devices in a motor manufacturing company in a city were selected as research objects. Personal attenuation rating (PAR) of workers wearing hearing protective devices was measured. Baseline PAR was analyzed for different subgroups of basic demographic information, noise exposure, and the use of hearing protective devices to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Baseline PAR was compared using nonparametric tests.Results:There were 179 workers from 35 positions in 4 types of work, and the over-standard noise rate was 51.2% (42/82), among which the noise exposure intensity of motor equipment debugging workers was the highest [94.4 dB (A) ]. Compared the baseline PAR of different characteristics, it was found that the baseline PAR of male workers, workers whose daily noise exposure time were <8 h, workers who had used the hearing protective devices for 10 to 14 years, and workers who thought the hearing protective devices were comfortable were all higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Baseline PAR passing rate was 43.0% (77/179), and PAR of 102 workers who did not pass baseline test increased from 0 (0, 3) dB before intervention to 14 (12, 16) dB after intervention, with statistical significance ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The noise hazard in this motor manufacturing enterprise is serious, and the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective devices is not good. Gender, daily noise exposure time, years and comfort of wearing hearing protective device are the possible influencing factors of poor protective effect.

Objective: To explore the association between acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID 19 and peer bullying behaviors during the normalized management of COVID 19 among middle school students, and to provide a basis for developing relevant measures for peer bullying prevention. Methods: In December 2020, a total of 2 219 students from two junior middle schools in South Anhui(Xuancheng City) and North Anhui(Huaibei City), were selected to participate in this study by using the cluster sampling method. The occurrence of verbal bullying, relational bullying, physical bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among victims and perpetrators of bullying, and self rated acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID 19 (social isolation) were investigated. Multiple Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the relationship between different levels of acute stress response during the COVID 19 outbreak and peer bullying behaviors among middle school students. Results: The reported rate of peer bullying, being bullied by others and bullying others during the COVID19 normalized management were 65.8%, 63.8% and 27.1%, respectively. The reporting rate of verbal bullying victimization was the highest (54.8%) and cyberbullying others was the lowest (4.6%). The mean score of acute stress response among middle school students during the COVID 19 outbreak was (6.50±1.67). Except for physically bullying others, the reported rate of other bullying behaviors was the highest in the high level acute stress response group ( P <0.05). Multiple Logistic regression models showed that high levels of acute stress response were associated with high risk of verbal bullying victimization ( OR =1.38), relational bullying victimization ( OR =2.28), physical bullying victimization ( OR =1.87) and cyberbullying victimization ( OR =2.30) after adjusting for related confounders. In the high level acute stress response group, verbal bullying ( OR =1.80), relational bullying ( OR =1.99), physical bullying ( OR =1.76) and cyberbullying ( OR =2.32) had higher risks of bullying others than in the low level acute stress response group ( P <0.05). Conclusion High levels of acute stress response are associated with different peer bullying behaviors, with stronger associations with cyberbullying.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of witnessing domestic violence,and to explore the relationship between witness domestic violence in childhood and college students’ injury and violence behaviors. Methods: In October 2018, self-made questionnaire on “Health and Risky Behaviors among University Students in Anhui Province” was conducted among 4 034 college students from 4 universities in Hefei. Multivariate Logistic regression models (control of confounding factors) were used to explore the impact of childhood witnessing domestic violence on college students’ injury and violence. Results: Among 4 034 college students,the prevalence of witnessing domestic emotional violence,mild physical violence and severe physical violence in childhood was 27.6%,22.4%,10.7%,respectively. Univariate analysis showed that students with experiences of witness domestic emotional violence,mild physical violence and severe physical violence had higher rates of self-injury,physical,emotional,and sexual violence compared to those without domestic violence witness(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that witnessing domestic severe physical violence,emotional violence in childhood associated positively with self-harm (OR=1.53,95%CI=1.05-2.23; OR=2.15,95%CI=1.51-3.04) and emotional violence (OR=1.65,95%CI=1.16-2.35; OR=2.57,95%CI=1.87-3.53). Witnessing domestic severe physical violence showed positive association with physical violence (OR=4.99,95%CI=2.58-9.62) and sexual violence (OR=8.68,95%CI=3.30-22.81) among college students (P<0.05). Conclusion The experiences of witness domestic violence can increases the risk of college student’s injury and violence behaviors,especially witness domestic severe physical violence.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficacy between the four-hand-needling therapy and the routine needling therapy at neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2) in the treatment of cervical spondylosis of neck type.

METHODSEighty patients of cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the observation group, Sanjian (LI 3), Wailaogong (EX-UE 8), Zhongzhu (TE 3) and Houxi (SI 3) on the affected side were selected. In the control group, the neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2) on bilateral C, Cand Cwere selected. The treatment was given once every two days. The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) was observed before treatment, right after the first treatment, in a half of one month of treatment and in one month of treatment separately and the clinical efficacy was observed after 1-month treatment in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, VAS score was reduced as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (all<0.05). The immediate VAS score after treatment in the observation group was reduced much more apparently as compared with that in the control group (<0.01). The curative rate was 52.5% (21/40) in the observation group and was 32.5% (13/40) in the control group and the total effective rates were 95.0% (38/40) and 82.5% (33/40) respectively. The efficacy in the observation group was better than that in the control group (both<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe four-hand-needling therapy and routine acupuncture at neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2) all have the very good efficacy on cervical spondylosis of neck type with wind-cold-damp. The immediate efficacy of the four-hand-needling therapy is much more significant.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of reinforcing-reducing needling methods in treating peripheral facial paralysis. Method Seventy facial paralysis patients were randomized into two groups to compare the reinforcing-reducing needling methods and conventional acupuncture. The House-Brackmann (H-B) scale was observed and compared prior to the treatment, right after the treatment, and respectively after 30-day, 3-month, and 6-month treatments, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after 6-month treatments. Result The H-B score of the reinforcing-reducing manipulation group was superior to that of the conventional group (P<0.05), and the therapeutic efficacy of the manipulation group was more significant than that of the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion The reinforcing-reducing needling methods can produce a better therapeutic efficacy in treating peripheral facial paralysis compared to conventional acupuncture.

OBJECTIVETo investigate trend of dietary nutrient intake among adult females in China.

METHODSThe changes of dietary energy and major nutrient intake among females aged 25 to 55 years in 9 provinces were analyzed by using the data from Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2000-2011 (CHNS) and indicators of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013.

RESULTSDuring the past decade, the proportion of females with the intake of energy and protein meeting the requirement of recommendation decreased, while the proportion of females with low carbohydrate (< 50% energy) and high fat (> 30% energy) intakes increased. Meanwhile, the vitamin and mineral intakes among the females were also unsatisfactory, only small proportion of the females met the requirement for micronutrient intake, and this proportion continued to decline. In 2011, the proportion of the females who met the requirements for energy and protein intakes were 43.0% and 54.4%, respectively; the proportion of the females with low carbohydrate and high fat intakes were 40.2% and 63.8%, respectively; the proportion of females who met the requirements for vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E intakes were 25.2%, 10.7%, 6.9%, 54.9%, 24.3% and 88.5% respectively and the proportion of females who met the requirements for calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium intakes were 3.3%, 23.6%, 50.9%, 75.7% and 13.3% respectively.

CONCLUSIONFurther nutritional education and intervention is needed to improve nutrition status among Chinese females.

Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; China ; Diet ; trends ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; administration & dosage ; Micronutrients ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Status ; Vitamins ; administration & dosage

Objective To investigate trend of dietary nutrient intake among adult females in China. Methods The changes of dietary energy and major nutrient intake among females aged 25 to 55 years in 9 provinces were analyzed by using the data from Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey,2000-2011 (CHNS) and indicators of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. Results During the past decade,the proportion of females with the intake of energy and protein meeting the requirement of recommendation decreased,while the proportion of females with low carbohydrate(<50%energy)and high fat(>30%energy)intakes increased. Meanwhile,the vitamin and mineral intakes among the females were also unsatisfactory,only small proportion of the females met the requirement for micronutrient intake,and this proportion continued to decline. In 2011,the proportion of the females who met the requirements for energy and protein intakes were 43.0% and 54.4%,respectively;the proportion of the females with low carbohydrate and high fat intakes were 40.2%and 63.8%,respectively;the proportion of females who met the requirements for vitamin A, thiamine,riboflavin,niacin,vitamin C and vitamin E intakes were 25.2%,10.7%,6.9%,54.9%,24.3%and 88.5% respectively and the proportion of females who met the requirements for calcium, magnesium,iron,zinc and selenium intakes were 3.3%,23.6%,50.9%,75.7%and 13.3%respectively. Conclusion Further nutritional education and intervention is needed to improve nutrition status among Chinese females.