BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have investigated the effects of whole body vibration training at different frequencies on muscle strength,but less is reported on the differences in the efficacy of vibration training at different frequencies on patellar tendinopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of eccentric training of quadriceps combined with different frequency of whole body vibration training on patellar tendinopathy. METHODS:From April to June 2022,48 patients with patellar tendinopathy were recruited from Wuhan Sports University and randomly divided into eccentric training group(n=12),30 Hz group(n=12),40 Hz group(n=12),and 50 Hz group(n=12).The eccentric training group only completed eccentric training of the quadriceps.The 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz groups performed the whole body vibration training with the amplitude of 2 mm and frequencies of 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz respectively on the basis of the eccentric training of the quadriceps.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks,three times a week.Before and after the intervention,the patients'surface electromyography signals of the quadriceps,kinematics and dynamics data of knee joint at the time of landing in deep jump and the time of peak vertical ground reaction,Visual Analogue Scale score,Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks of intervention,compared with the eccentric training group,the median frequency of the lateral and medial femoris muscles were significantly higher in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups(P＜0.05).At the time of landing,the knee joint flexion angle and external rotation moment in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05),while the knee joint flexion angle in the 50 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).At the peak moment of vertical ground reaction,the knee extension torque in the 40 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the eccectric training group(P＜0.05);the knee flexion angle and knee extension torque in the 50 Hz group were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Visual Analogue Scale scores in the 50 Hz and 40 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score in the 50 Hz group was significantly higher than that in the eccentric training group and 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).To conclude,eccentric training of the quadriceps combined with 50 Hz whole body vibration training can significantly improve quadriceps'strength,endurance and activation rate of the vastus lateralis muscle,reduce the pain of knee joint,and improve the function of the knee joint in patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Objective:To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among scientific researchers in a computer workstation of a high-tech aerospace enterprise, and to provide data support for the improvement of occupational health management policies in this type of enterprise.Methods:From March to April 2023, using convenient sampling method, 1398 scientific researchers using computer workstations in an aerospace high-tech enterprise in Beijing were selected as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of the body was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the influencing factors of WMSDs in neck, lower back, shoulder and upper back were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:The total incidence of WMSDs was 55.4% (774/1398) in the scientific researchers who used computer workstations. The top 4 body parts in WMSDs incidence were neck (24.3%, 340/1398), lower back (20.4%, 285/1398), shoulder (18.7%, 262/1398), upper back (12.7%, 177/1398). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling slightly tired and tired after work, setting a rest/break time of 10 to 15 min before the next continuous job, and operating computer for 2 to 4 hours and >4 hours were the influencing factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs ( OR=3.08, 1.90, 0.60, 2.00, 1.49, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years of working experience, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work, operating computer for 6-<8 hours and 8-10 hours a day were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back ( OR=1.82, 0.64, 2.95, 1.80, 1.61, 1.82, 1.73, P<0.05). Female, feeling slightly tired and tired after work were the influencing factors of shoulder WMSDs occurrence ( OR=2.42, 2.09, 2.00, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years, 10-15 years of working age, 1-3 times of physical exercise/quarter, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work were the influencing factors for the occurrence of upper back WMSDs ( OR=2.76, 2.19, 2.78, 0.48, 4.20, 2.66, 2.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The incidence of WMSDs among scientific researchers in computer workstations of aerospace high-tech enterprises is high, which is closely related to individual characteristics and workstation usage characteristics. Measures should be taken to prevent and improve the WMSDs status of scientific researchers.

Objective:To investigate the influences and mechanism of extracellular vesicles from dermal papilla cells (DPC-EVs) of mice on human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs).Methods:The study was an experimental research. The primary dermal papilla cells (DPCs) of whiskers were extracted from 10 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice and identified successfully. The DPC-EVs were extracted from the 3 rd to 5 th passage DPCs by ultracentrifugation, and the morphology was observed through transmission electron microscope and the particle diameter was detected by nanoparticle tracking analyzer ( n=3) at 24 h after culture. The 3 rd passage of HSFs were divided into DPC-EV group and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group, which were cultured with DPC-EVs and PBS, respectively. The cell scratch test was performed and cell migration rate at 24 h after scratching was calculated ( n=5). The cell proliferation levels at 0 (after 12 h of starvation treatment and before adding DPC-EVs or PBS), 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after culture were detected by using cell counting kit 8 ( n=4). The protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen typeⅠ (ColⅠ) in cells at 24 h after culture were detected by immunofluorescence method and Western blotting, and the protein expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in cells at 24 h after culture was detected by Western blotting. After the 3 rd passage of HSFs were cultured with DPC-EVs for 24 h, the cells were divided into blank control group, KLF4 knockdown group, and KLF4 overexpression group according to the random number table. The cells in blank control group were only routinely cultured for 48 h. The cells in KLF4 knockdown group and KLF4 overexpression group were incubated with KLF4 knockdown virus for 24 h, then the cells in KLF4 knockdown group were routinely cultured for 24 h while the cells in KLF4 overexpression group were incubated with KLF4 overexpression virus for 24 h. The protein expressions of KLF4, α-SMA, and ColⅠ in cells were detected by Western blotting at 48 h after culture. Results:At 24 h after culture, the extracted DPC-EVs showed vesicular structure with an average particle diameter of 108.8 nm. At 24 h after scratching, the migration rate of HSFs in PBS group was (54±10)%, which was significantly higher than (29±8)% in DPC-EV group ( t=4.37, P<0.05). At 48, 72, and 96 h after culture, the proliferation levels of HSFs in DPC-EV group were significantly lower than those in PBS group (with t values of 4.06, 5.76, and 6.41, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 h after culture, the protein expressions of α-SMA and ColⅠ of HSFs in DPC-EV group were significantly lower than those in PBS group, while the protein expression of KLF4 was significantly higher than that in PBS group. At 48 h after culture, compared with those in blank control group, the protein expression of KLF4 of HSFs in KLF4 knockdown group was down-regulated, while the protein expressions of α-SMA and ColⅠ were both up-regulated; compared with those in KLF4 knockdown group, the protein expression of KLF4 of HSFs in KLF4 overexpression group was up-regulated, while the protein expressions of ColⅠ and α-SMA were down-regulated. Conclusions:The DPC-EVs of mice can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human HSFs and significantly inhibit the expressions of fibrosis markers α-SMA and ColⅠ in human HSFs by activating KLF4.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with renal angiomyolipoma(RAML)combined with inferior vena cava(IVC)tumor thrombus,and to explore the feasibility of par-tial nephrectomy and thrombectomy in this series of patients.Methods:The clinical data of patients diagnosed with RAML combined with IVC tumor thrombus in the Department of Urology of the Peking University Third Hospital from April 2014 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and demographic and perioperative data of RAML patients with IVC tumor thrombus were recorded and collected from Elec-tronic Medical Record System,including age,gender,surgical methods,and follow-up time,etc.The clinical characteristics between classic angiomyolipoma(CAML)patients with IVC tumor thrombus and epithelioid angiomyolipoma(EAML)patients with IVC tumor thrombus were compared to determine the clinical characteristics of these patients.Results:A total of 11 patients were included in this study,in-cluding 7 patients with CAML with IVC tumor thrombus and 4 patients with EAML with IVC tumor thrombus.There were 9 females(9/11,81.8％)and 2 males(2/11,18.2％),with an average age of(44.0±17.1)years.9 patients(9/11,81.8％)experienced clinical symptoms,including local symp-toms including abdominal pain,hematuria,abdominal masses,and systemic symptoms including weight loss and fever;2 patients(2/11,18.2％)with RAML and IVC tumor thrombus did not show clinical symptoms,which were discovered by physical examination.Among the 11 patients,10 underwent radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy,of whom,3 underwent open surgery(3/10,30.0％),2 underwent laparoscopic surgery(2/10,20.0％),and 5 underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery(5/10,50.0％).In addition,1 patient underwent open partial nephrectomy and thrombectomy.The patients with EAML combined with I VC tumor thrombus had a higher proportion of systemic clinical symptoms(100％vs.0％,P=0.003),more intraoperative bleeding[400(240,3 050)mL vs.50(50,300)mL,P=0.036],and a higher proportion of tumor necrosis(75％vs.0％,P=0.024)compared to the patients with CAML combined with I VC tumor thrombus.However,there was no statistically significant difference in operation time[(415.8±201.2)min vs.(226.0±87.3)min,P=0.053]between the two groups.Conclusion:Compared with the patients with CAML and IVC tumor thrombus,the patients with EAML and IVC tumor thrombus had a higher rate of systemic symptoms and tumor necrosis.In addi-tion,in the selected patients with CAML with IVC tumor thrombus,partial nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy could be performed to better preserve renal function.

Objective:To investigate the postoperative renal function and oncologic outcomes of cystic renal cell carcinoma with partial nephrectomy,and to compared the single-center data on surgical out-comes with the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Methods:This was a retrospective study that included the patients with cystic renal cell carcinoma who underwent partial ne-phrectomy in the Department of Urology,Peking University Third Hospital(PUTH)from 2010 to 2023.The clinical data and depicting baseline characteristics were collected.Renal dynamic imaging and the Chinese Coefficients for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(C-CKD-EPI)formulae were used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).The renal function curves over time were then plotted,and the patients were followed-up to record their survival status.Cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma in the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were included,propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance the differences between SEER cohort and PUTH cohort,and the cancer-specific survival(CSS)curves for both groups were plotted and statistical differences were calcu-lated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 38 and 385 patients were included in the PUTH cohort and SEER cohort,respectively,and 31 and 72 patients were screened in each cohort after PSM.Of the baseline characteristics,only tumor size(P=0.042)was found to differ statistically between the two groups.There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in terms of CSS after PSM(P=0.556).The median follow-up time in the SEER cohort was 112.5(65,152)months and a 10-year survival rate of 97.2％,while the PUTH cohort had a median follow-up of 57.0(20,1 172)months and a 10-year survival rate of 100.0％.There was no statistically significant difference between eGFR determined by preoperative renal dynamic imaging and the results of the C-CKD-EPI formulae based on creatinine estimation(P=0.073).There was a statistically significant difference in eGFR among the preoperative,short-term postoperative,and long-term postoperative(P＜0.001),which was characterized by the presence of a decline in renal function in the short-term postoperative period and the recovery of renal function in the long-term period.Conclusion:Partial nephrectomy for cystic renal cell carcinoma is safe and feasible with favorable renal function and oncologic outcomes.

Objective:To predict the 3-year cancer-specific survival(CSS)of patients with non-meta-static T3a renal cell carcinoma after surgery.Methods:A total of 336 patients with pathologically con-firmed T3a N0-1M0 renal cell carcinoma(RCC)who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Urology,Peking University Third Hospital from March 2013 to February 2021 were retrospectively collect-ed.The patients were randomly divided into a training cohort of 268 cases and an internal validation co-hort of 68 cases at an 4∶1 ratio.Using two-way Lasso regression,variables were selected to construct a nomogram for predicting the 3-year cancer-specific survival(CSS)of the patients with T3aN0-1M0 RCC.Performance assessment of the nomogram included evaluation of discrimination and calibration ability,as well as clinical utility using measures such as the concordance index(C-index),time-dependent area un-der the receiver operating characteristic curve[time-dependent area under the curve(AUC)],calibra-tion curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Risk stratification was determined based on the nomo-gram scores,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank tests were employed to compare progres-sion-free survival(PFS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)among the patients in the different risk groups.Results:Based on the Lasso regression screening results,the nomogram was constructed with five variables:tumor maximum diameter,histological grading,sarcomatoid differentiation,T3a feature,and lymph node metastasis.The baseline data of the training and validation sets showed no statistical differences(P＞0.05).The consistency indices of the column diagram were found to be 0.808(0.708-0.907)and 0.903(0.838-0.969)for the training and internal validation sets,respectively.The AUC values for 3-year cancer-specific survival were 0.843(0.725-0.961)and 0.923(0.844-1.002)for the two sets.Calibration curves of both sets demonstrated a high level of consistency between the actual CSS and predicted probability.The decision curve analysis(DCA)curves indicated that the column dia-gram had a favorable net benefit in clinical practice.A total of 336 patients were included in the study,with 35 cancer-specific deaths and 69 postoperative recurrences.According to the line chart,the patients were divided into low-risk group(scoring 0-117)and high-risk group(scoring 119-284).Within the low-risk group,there were 16 tumor-specific deaths out of 282 cases and 36 postoperative recurrences out of 282 cases.In the high-risk group,there were 19 tumor-specific deaths out of 54 cases and 33 post-operative recurrences out of 54 cases.There were significant differences in progression-free survival(PFS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)between the low-risk and high-risk groups(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion:A nomogram model predicting the 3-year CSS of non-metastatic T3a renal cell carcinoma patients was successfully constructed and validated in this study.This nomogram can assist clinicians in accurately assessing the long-term prognosis of such patients.

Objective:To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among scientific researchers in a computer workstation of a high-tech aerospace enterprise, and to provide data support for the improvement of occupational health management policies in this type of enterprise.Methods:From March to April 2023, using convenient sampling method, 1398 scientific researchers using computer workstations in an aerospace high-tech enterprise in Beijing were selected as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of the body was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the influencing factors of WMSDs in neck, lower back, shoulder and upper back were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:The total incidence of WMSDs was 55.4% (774/1398) in the scientific researchers who used computer workstations. The top 4 body parts in WMSDs incidence were neck (24.3%, 340/1398), lower back (20.4%, 285/1398), shoulder (18.7%, 262/1398), upper back (12.7%, 177/1398). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling slightly tired and tired after work, setting a rest/break time of 10 to 15 min before the next continuous job, and operating computer for 2 to 4 hours and >4 hours were the influencing factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs ( OR=3.08, 1.90, 0.60, 2.00, 1.49, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years of working experience, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work, operating computer for 6-<8 hours and 8-10 hours a day were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back ( OR=1.82, 0.64, 2.95, 1.80, 1.61, 1.82, 1.73, P<0.05). Female, feeling slightly tired and tired after work were the influencing factors of shoulder WMSDs occurrence ( OR=2.42, 2.09, 2.00, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years, 10-15 years of working age, 1-3 times of physical exercise/quarter, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work were the influencing factors for the occurrence of upper back WMSDs ( OR=2.76, 2.19, 2.78, 0.48, 4.20, 2.66, 2.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The incidence of WMSDs among scientific researchers in computer workstations of aerospace high-tech enterprises is high, which is closely related to individual characteristics and workstation usage characteristics. Measures should be taken to prevent and improve the WMSDs status of scientific researchers.

In order to understand the potential target and related mechanism of action of Termina-lia Chebula treatment,network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used in this experiment,and the challenge test of Salmonella from yak was performed.The active ingredients and potential targets of Terminalia Chebula were screened through HERB cluster identification database,TCMSP database and SwissTargetPrediction web page tool,and"gastroenteritis"was searched through OMIM and GeneCards database.Cytoscape and STRING databases were used to construct the Terminalia Chebula PPI network to screen out key targets,the intersection targets between Terminalia Chebula and enteritis were obtained through Venny platform,and gene ontol-ogy(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia database of genes and genomics(KEGG)were enriched through DAVID database.The core target of screening was verified by molecular docking.After that,the gastrointestinal inflammation model of mice was established,the pathological changes of gastroin-testinal tract were observed,and the effect of Terminalia Chebula on the target protein was veri-fied by Western blot test.The results showed that:after analyzing and sorting out 8 main active in-gredients of Terminalia Chebula,118 targets of Terminalia Chebula were screened,11 161 targets of gastroenteritis and 100 targets of intersection were obtained;the core targets of PTGS2,CASP3,SLC3A2,Bax,Bcl-2 and TP53 of Terminalia Chebula and enteritis were obtained through PPI network.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis collected 337 items and 138 items,respectively,mainly related to chemokine pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,apoptosis related pathway,i-ron ion transport related pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,etc.The results of molecular docking showed that chebulidic acid,the first active component of chebulidic acid,can bind to Bax,Bcl-2,PTGS2 and SLC3A2 through hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic action,π-π packing force and other intermolecular forces.The pathological tissue sections showed that Terminalia Chebula could sig-nificantly recover gastrointestinal tissue injury.Western blot test results showed that Terminalia Chebula can regulate the process of apoptosis and iron death through Bax/Bcl-2 and PTGS2/SLC3A2 pathways to achieve the effect of treating intestinal inflammatory damage.The results showed that Terminalia Chebula can regulate the occurrence and development of enteritis by regu-lating apoptosis and iron death through Bax/Bcl-2 and PTGS2/SLC3A2 pathways.Terminalia Chebula has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of enteritis.