Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(3):238-252. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122. The authors have retracted this article (Guo et al., 2019) because some data from the original literature had not been converted to appropriate units in the paper, which resulted in deviation of the meta-analysis results. For example, for the forest plot used to examine associations between PM exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes, the estimates from Brauer et al. (2008), Pedersen et al. (2013), Zhao et al. (2015), and Hansen et al. (2006) were on the originally reported scales of 1 µg/m, 10 µg/m, 10 µg/m, and Inter Quartile Range, respectively. None of these estimates had been converted to 20 µg/m increase scale that was stated in the article. Similar problem exists in the analysis on associations between NO exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis are misleading. All authors have agreed to this retraction and express their deepest apologies to the original authors, publishers, and readers.

Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy, but the results remain controversial. The objective of this study was to assess this correlation quantitatively and to explore sources of heterogeneity. We included all published case-control or cohort studies that evaluated the correlation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). Analytical methods and inclusion criteria were provided on the PROSPERO website (CRD42018085816). We evaluated pooled effects and heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses (grouped by exposure period, study settings, study design, exposure types, data source, Newcastle-Ottawa quality score (NOS), and adjustment for smoking or meteorological factors) were also conducted and publication bias was examined. The risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias in this review. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. We observed pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03-1.21 for LBW and 0.97-1.06 for PTB when mothers were exposed to CO, NO₂, NO_x, O₃, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, or SO₂ throughout their pregnancy. For SGA, the pooled estimate was 1.02 in relation to NO₂ concentrations. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis decreased the heterogeneity to some extent, such as the subgroups of continuous measures (OR=0.98 (0.97-0.99), I²=0.0%) and NOS>7 (OR=0.98 (0.97-0.99), I²=0.0%) in evaluating the association between PTB and NO₂. This review was completed with a low risk of bias. High concentrations of air pollution were significantly related to the higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, the sources of heterogeneity among studies should be further explored.
Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Bias ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Maternal Exposure ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth/epidemiology* ; Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanism of CCL2 on the migration and invasion of human leukemia cell THP-1.

METHODSThe CCL2 gene was recombined with the transfer plasmid-PLVX and transfected into THP-1 cells. The CCL2 expression at RNA level was detected by RT-PCR, the CCL2 expression at protein level was determined by Western blot and ELISA, the influence of overexpression of CCL2 recombinant protein and THP-1 cells on the migration and invasion ability of THP-1 cells was analyzed by transwell migration and invasion tests, the PCR-array of migration-related cytokines was used to clarify the patential mechanism.

RESULTSWith the Trans-Matrigel assay, the concentration of CCL2 in THP-1 transfected with CCL2 in the upper cells was higher than that in the lower cells, meanwhile, the invasion ability of CCL2-transfected THP-1 cells decreased. Increasing recombinant protein of CCL2 (rpCCL2) in the lower cells promoted migration of THP-1 cells. Migration RT2 profiler PCR array showed that the cells treated with rpCCL2 had higher levels of expression of CCL2, EPX, SPP1, CX3CL1 and CXCL13, as compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONCCL2 affects the migration and invasion of THP-1 by autosecreting a series of inflammatory chemokines.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of C3AR1 on migration and invasion of HL-60 cells and its mechanism.

METHODSThe HL-60 cells overexpresing C3AR1 was constructed, and the HL-60-C3AR1 cell line was validated by real-time PCR and Western blot. The migration and invasion assay were performed by using transwell system, the PCR Array and flow cytometry were employed to reveal the potential mechanisms.

RESULTSC3AR1 gene was significantly expressed in AL cell lines, especially in acute myeloid leukemia(AML cell lines). C3a and SDF-1 together promoted migration and invasion of C3AR1 over-expressed HL-60 cells. The PCR array detection found that 16 genes (including CCL2) were significantly upregulated and 4 genes were significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of CXCR4 did not significantly change after treated by C3a and SDF-1 together.

CONCLUSIONOver-expression of C3AR1 shows the effects on the migration and invasion of HL-60 cells under the treatment of C3a and SDF-1 together, which may be mediated by the regulation of CCL2 and other genes related to chemotactic factors.

In order to study the potential of Venus, lentiviral vector, applied to acute myeloid leukemia, the recombinant vector Venus-C3aR was transfected into 293T packing cells by DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitation. All virus stocks were collected and transfected into HL-60, the GFP expression in HL-60 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The expression level of C3aR1 in transfected HL-60 cells was identified by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The lentiviral toxicity on HL-60 was measured by using CCK-8 method and the ability of cell differentiation was observed. The results indicated that the transfection efficacy of lentiviral vector on HL-60 cells was more than 95%, which meets the needs for further study. C3aR1 expression on HL-60 cells increased after being transfected with recombinant lentiviral vector. Before and after transfection, the proliferation and differentiation of cells were not changed much. It is concluded that the lentiviral vector showed a high efficacy to transfect AML cells and can be integrated in genome of HL-60 cells to realize the stable expression of interest gene. Meanwhile, lentiviral vector can not affect HL-60 cell ability to proliferate and differentiate.
Genetic Vectors ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Transfection

This study was aimed to explore the contribution of autophagy associated gene Beclin1 in the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by detecting the expression level of Beclin1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) from 40 MDS patients, 14 non-malignant anemia patients and 25 AML patients. The expression of Beclin1 mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). At the same time, the Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Beclin1 proteins. The results showed that the expression of Beclin1 in low risk MDS patients and non-malignant anemia patients was both significantly higher than that in acute myeloid leukemia patients (P < 0.01). And more interestingly, the Beclin1 mRNA expression in MDS group was negatively correlated with World Health Organization classification-based prognostic system (WPSS) score (r = -0.495). It is concluded that the expression of Beclin1 in the patients with MDS is higher than that in AML patients, and negatively correlated with WPSS scores. Beclin1 is a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of the patients with MDS.
Anemia ; metabolism ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; Beclin-1 ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Rhododendron molle. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by repeated chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Structures were elucidated based on spectral techniques, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. RESULTS: Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as two new compounds: 2α, 10α-epoxy-3β, 5β, 6β, 14β, 16α-hexahydroxy-grayanane and benzyl 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoate-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Rhododendron ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDThe nocturnal nondipping and elevated morning blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not yet been well investigated in Chinese patients. This study aimed to describe the BP profile, and to elucidate the relationships between daytime BP and nighttime BP, and between evening BP and morning BP in patients with OSAS.

METHODSTwenty teaching hospital sleep centers in China were organized by the Chinese Medical Association to participate in this study and 2297 patients were recruited between January 2004 and April 2006. BP assessments were made at four time points (daytime, evening, nighttime and morning) and polysomnography (PSG) was performed and subjects were classified into four groups by their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): control, n = 213 with AHI < 5; mild, n = 420 with AHI ≥ 5 and < 15; moderate, n = 460 with AHI ≥ 15 and < 30; and severe, n = 1204 with AHI ≥ 30. SPSS 11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis and figure drawing.

RESULTSAll the average daytime, nighttime, evening and morning BPs were positively correlated with AHI and negatively correlated with nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening average BP were positively correlated with AHI. The ratio of nighttime/daytime systolic BP became a "reversed BP dipping" pattern until the classification reached severe, while the ratio of nighttime/daytime diastolic BP became reversed at moderate. Similarly, the ratio of morning/evening diastolic BP becomes reversed even at mild.

CONCLUSIONSOSAS may result in higher BP levels at all four time points. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening BP increase with increased AHI. The increasing of diastolic BP, which is inclined to rise more quickly, is not parallel with increasing systolic BP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthropometry ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEA prospective study was conducted to probe into the relationship between arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and brain injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD).

METHODEnrolled in the study were 45 cyanotic infants, who were less than three years old and underwent corrective cardiac surgery from August 1(st), 2010 to January 31(st), 2011 at Guangdong General Hospital. All the infants had a pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) lower than 85% and were randomly allocated into three groups by a specific computer program. In controlled group 1 (G1 group), PaO2 levels were controlled at 80 - 120 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) during CPB; in controlled group 2 (G2 group), PaO2 levels at 120 - 200 mm Hg during CPB; while in uncontrolled group (G3 group), PaO2 levels were at 200 - 400 mm Hg during CPB. Blood samples were collected just before starting CPB, at the end of CPB, and at 3 h, 5 h, and 24 h after CPB (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) for the determination of serum concentrations of protein S100β, neuron specific enolase (NSE), and adrenomedullin (ADM) by ELISA.

RESULTProtein S100β rose significantly after starting CPB. In group G3, it reached a peak of (699 ± 139) ng/L by the end of CPB, significantly higher than those in groups G1 and G2 [(528 ± 163) ng/L and (585 ± 155) ng/L], and was positively correlated with PaO2 levels (r = 0.526, P < 0.01). NSE levels of group G1 were continuously rising after starting CPB and reached significantly high levels at 3 h or 5 h after CPB [(12.2 ± 3.4) µg/L and (12.3 ± 3.7) µg/L], while those of group G2 rose significantly during CPB [(10.9 ± 4.8) µg/L] and even higher at 3 h or 5 h after CPB [(12.6 ± 5.1) µg/L and (13.2 ± 5.4) µg/L]. NSE levels of group G3 rose significantly during CPB and maintained at a high level [(12.2 ± 5.7) µg/L] afterwards. There was no significant difference in serum ADM concentrations among different time points in each group and among these three groups. All the infants were discharged from the hospital without any obvious nervous symptom and sign.

CONCLUSIONHigh PaO2 during CPB in infants with CHD might cause an increase of serum protein S100β and NSE, indicating that brain injury might become worse with a higher PaO2 and might be positively correlated with PaO2 during CPB.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child, Preschool ; Cyanosis ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factors ; blood ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; blood ; Partial Pressure ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Prospective Studies ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; blood ; Serum

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence of pulmonary surfactant associated pathway genes functional variants in Chinese population.

METHODUsing a cohort of 258 mixed ethnic population of Han and Zhuang, we pooled DNA samples from 146 term male infants and 112 term female infants and then used an Ill umina next generation sequencing platform to perform the complete exonic resequencing in 6 target genes:surfactant protein-B (SFTPB), surfactant protein-C (SFTPC), ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3), lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1), phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, beta (PCYT1B). Collapsing methods was used to determine the functional allele frequency.

RESULT(1) Altogether, 128 variants were found, including 44 synonymous variants, 66 nonsynonymous variants and 18 insertions-deletions. Of these, 28 variants were predicted to alter protein function. Two of these variants were seen twice, the rest variants were only seen once, for a total of 30 functional alleles; (2) ABCA3 had the most functional variants in both male and female groups with the minor allele frequencies of 0.014 (1.4%) and 0.04 (4%), respectively. The total functional allele frequencies of 6 genes were 0.041 (4.1%) and 0.08 (8%) in the two groups, respectively (P = 0.06).

CONCLUSION(1) Functional variants in pulmonary surfactant associated pathway genes are present in the mixed Han-Zhuang population. (2) ABCA3 contained the most functional variants suggesting that ABCA3 could contribute significantly to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other lung disease.

1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C ; genetics ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; ethnology ; genetics