Diabetic cognitive dysfunction （DCD） is one of the complications of diabetes， which is characterized by impaired brain structure and progressively decreased learning and memory ability. With the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide， DCD has become a serious medical and social problem. However， its pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. The occurrence and development of DCD involve multiple pathological links and mechanisms， and the prevention and treatment require multi-link and multi-target therapeutic measures. At present， there is no specific drug to prevent or improve DCD. Hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin and vigagliptin or anti-dementia drug including Donepezil are commonly used in clinical treatment to delay the occurrence and progression of cognitive dysfunction， but these drugs have a single target and obvious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and central cognitive diseases， and it has many unique advantages such as multiple components， multiple targets， side effects， and low price. A large number of studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine has a significant prevention and treatment effect on DCD， which can improve insulin resistance， synaptic dysfunction， inflammation， oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， and neuronal apoptosis by regulating phosphatidylin-ositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， advanced glycation end products （AGEs）/advanced glycation end products receptor （RAGE）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， and endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor E₂ related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathways. This article reviewed the effects and related mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on DCD in recent years， so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DCD by traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection among the patients in neuro-surgical ICU,and to construct the risk prediction model to provide reference for the prediction of nosocomial infection in neurosurgical ICU patients.Methods The clinical data of 280 patients admitted and treated in the neurosurgery ICU of this hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The pa-tients were divided into the infection group and non-infection group based on whether or not nosocomial infec-tion occurring,140 cases in each group.A total of 196 patients were extracted as the training set by a ratio of 7︰3 for constructing the model,while the remaining 84 patients served as the validation set for conducting the internal verification.The logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in the neurosurgery ICU patients,and a predictive model was established.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive effect of the model.Results The multivariate logistic re-gression analysis indicated that old age,long surgery time,catheter use and glucocorticoids use were screened as the main risk factors of nosocomial infection occurrence in neurosurgery ICU patients.The nomogram mod-el was constructed based on the results of multivariate analysis,the area under the curve of training set and validation set were 0.796 and 0.875,respectively.The correcting model reflected good consistency between actual diagnosis and predictive diagnosis.Conclusion The model constructed in this study has the high predic-tive value for the nosocomial infection occurrence risk in the patients of the neurosurgery ICU.

ObjectiveTo characterize the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. MethodThe detection was performed on a Thermo Acclaim™ RSLC 120 C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 2.2 μm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution （0-7.5 min， 10%-19%A； 7.5-12 min， 19%-22.5%A； 12-23 min， 22.5%-27%A； 23-27 min， 27%-56%A； 27-35 min， 56%-84%A； 35-36 min， 84%-90%A）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The data were collected in the positive and negative ion modes by heated electrospray ionization（HESI）， and the detection range was m/z 80-1 200. Combining the retention time of the reference substance， fragment ions， databases such as PubChem and related literature， Xcalibur 3.0 was used to identify the chemical constituents of Dayuanyin. ResultA total of 161 compounds were identified， including 14 alkaloids， 60 flavonoids， 16 terpenoids， 26 saponins， 18 phenylpropanoids， 16 organic acids and 11 others. ConclusionThe established method can effectively and quickly identify the chemical components in Dayuanyin， and clarify its chemical composition， which can provide a basis for the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Dayuanyin decoction （DYY） on lung injury and gut microbiota in mice with RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome. METHODS Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into the normal group （NC group）， model group （MC group）， positive control group （LBM group， 57.59 mg/kg ribavirin）， DYY low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （LDYY，MDYY，HDYY groups，1.67，3.34，6.68 g/kg，calculated by crude drug）， with 6 mice in each group. Except for NC group， RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome model was induced by “Hanshi modeling+RSV infection”； after the second cold and wet stimulation， RSV solution was dripped into the nasal cavity at 50% tissue culture infectious dose， once a day， for 3 consecutive days； each administration group was given corresponding solution intragastrically 4 hours after each nasal drip， once a day， for 5 consecutive days. The levels of motilin （MTL） and gastrin （GAS） in serum， the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue， and the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes were all determined. The pathological changes of lungs were observed， and the changes of gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MC group， the levels of MTL in serum （except for HDYY group）， and the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue were all decreased significantly in DYY groups， while the level of GAS （except for HDYY group） in serum was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathology of lung tissue was improved， the percentage of T lymphocytes in LDYY group and the percentages of T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte in MDYY group were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the NC group， Bacteroidetes， Actinobacteria， Bacteroides， Alistipes， Bacteroidota， Bacteroides acidfaciens and Alloprevotella were expressed in high abundance， while Firmicutes， Proteobacteria， Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Kineothrix and Clostridiales unclassified were expressed in low abundance. After the intervention of medium-dose DYY， the relative abundance of each microbiota tended to be adjusted back， with different species including Lachnospiraceae_UCG-Ruminococcus， etc. CONCLUSIONS Dayuanyin decoctioncan reduce the lung injury caused by RSV， the mechanism of which may be associated with relieving inflammation， regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels， the percentage of lymphocytes and the abundance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract.

Objective To investigate whether myocardial perfusion impairment and left ventricular (LV) longituadinal systolic dysfunction had happened in patients with coronary slow flow(CSF),and to assess the relationship between them by myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) and speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods A total of 55 patients underwent coronary angiography for angina were enrolled,of those 35 with coronary slow flow phenomenon as CSF group,20 patients with normal coronary angiography as control group.STI and MCE were performed from the apical 4-,3 and 2 chamber views at baseline and after low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDDSE) in CSF group and control group.STI derived LV global longitudinal strain(GLS) and GLS amplitude of variation(△GLS),and MCE derived myocardial blood flow(MBF),and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) were obtained.And the correlation between GLS/△GLS and MBF/MFR was analyzed.Results At baseline,the GLS and MBF were similar between CSF group and control group(P ＞0.05).After LDDSE,both GLS and MBF were significantly increased in two groups (P ＜0.05).The GLS,△GLS,MBF,and MFR in CSF group were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between GLS and MBF at baseline in the CSF group(r =-0.274,P =0.111).However,after LDDSE significant correlation existed between GLS and MBF(r =-0.630,P =0.000).Conclusions LV longituadinal systolic function is impaired in patients with CSF under dobutamine stress test,the impairment of MBF and MFR could be an important contributor to the decrease of LV longituadinal systolic function.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) in tumor-bearing mouse plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics .Methods The column was Waters XBridge C18 (3 .0 mm × 100 mm ,3 .5μm) . Gradient elution was applied with mobile phase A as the mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (20:80) and B as the aqueous solu-tion of 1％ acetic acid and 0 .1％ triethylamine at flow rate 0 .7 ml/min .The detection wavelength was 380 nm .DVDMS was administrated to tumor-bearing mice by tail vein injection .The blood samples were collected at designated time and centrifuged for plasma .DVDMS in plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation and analyzed by the HPLC method mentioned a-bove .Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2 .0 with statistical moment analysis .Results DVDMS showed good linearity within the ranges of 70 .8-14160 ng/ml (r=0 .9998) .The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows :cmax = (24127 .59 ± 1415 .23) ng/ml ,tmax =0 .083 h ,t1/2 = (9 .59 ± 1 .25) h ,MRT0-∞ = (11 .77 ± 1 .73) h ,AUC0-∞ =(34775 .83 ± 6185 .43) h · ng/ml .Conclusion This HPLC method is sensitive ,rapid and accurate ,which can be used for a-nalysis and research of DVDMS in plasma samples of tumor-bearing mice .

Salinomycin ,extensively used as an antibiotic in animal husbandry for a long time ,has recently been found to possess strong anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell efficacy ,as well as activities to overcome multi-drug resistance of tumor based on studies in vivo and in vitro in case reports in pilot clinical trials .Therefore ,salinomycin promised to be a novel anti-cancer agent .However ,the unfavorable property of poor aqueous solubility and the adverse effects of salinomycin were greatly hinder its clinical use .In order to improve its therapeutic index and alleviate its toxicity ,studies on nanotechnology-based deliv-ery systems of salinomycin had been widely conducted .In this article ,the latest development and application of salinomycin nanoformulations were reviewed .

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-100 (miR-100) and its relation with prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODSThe expression of miR-100 was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 172 CRC tissue samples. The relation of miR-100 expression patterns with clinical pathological significance in CRC was analyzed. The effects of alterations of miR-100 expression and its consequences on CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were demonstrated in cells cultured in vitro.

RESULTSThe relative expression of miR-100 in CRC tissues and peritumoral tissues were -6.185 ± 1.921 and -3.698 ± 1.786, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). There was a significant difference between the relative expression of miR-100 in CRC with lymph node metastasis (-5.706 ± 1.809) and without lymph node metastasis (-6.775 ± 1.902, P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-100 in tumors of different TNM stages were -7.267 ± 1.888 in stage I, -6.443 ± 1.859 in stage II, -5.923 ± 1.796 in stage III, and -4.639 ± 1.516 in stage IV, with a significant difference among them (P<0.01). Different differentiation grades showed different expression of miR-100, i.e. -7.389 ± 1.828 in well differentiated tumors, -6.095 ± 1.843 in moderately differentiated tumors, and -5.476 ± 2.088 in poorly differentiated tumors (P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between miR-100 expression and overall survival rates of the CRC patients (P=0.179). Overexpression of miR-100 in the CRC cell line HCT-8 inhibited cell proliferation, but promoted cell apoptosis and migration.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of miR-100 is correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and differentiation grade, and may be a potential biomarker indicating the development of CRC.

Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA?100 ( miR?100) and its relation with prognosis in colorectal cancer ( CRC) . Methods The expression of miR?100 was analyzed by quantitative real?time PCR ( qRT?PCR) in 172 CRC tissue samples. The relation of miR?100 expression patterns with clinical pathological significance in CRC was analyzed. The effects of alterations of miR?100 expression and its consequences on CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were demonstrated in cells cultured in vitro. Results The relative expression of miR?100 in CRC tissues and peritumoral tissues were -6. 185 ± 1. 921 and -3. 698 ± 1. 786, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups( P<0.01) . There was a significant difference between the relative expression of miR?100 in CRC with lymph node metastasis (-5.706±1.809) and without lymph node metastasis (-6.775± 1.902, P<0.01). The relative expression of miR?100 in tumors of different TNM stages were -7.267±1.888 in stage Ⅰ, -6.443±1.859 in stageⅡ,-5.923±1.796 in stageⅢ, and-4.639±1.516 in stageⅣ, with a significant difference among them(P<0.01). Different differentiation grades showed different expression of miR?100, i.e. -7. 389 ± 1. 828 in well differentiated tumors, -6. 095 ± 1. 843 in moderately differentiated tumors, and -5.476±2.088 in poorly differentiated tumors (P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between miR?100 expression and overall survival rates of the CRC patients (P=0.179). Overexpression of miR?100 in the CRC cell line HCT?8 inhibited cell proliferation, but promoted cell apoptosis and migration. Conclusions The expression of miR?100 is correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and differentiation grade, and may be a potential biomarker indicating the development of CRC.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA?100 ( miR?100) and its relation with prognosis in colorectal cancer ( CRC) . Methods The expression of miR?100 was analyzed by quantitative real?time PCR ( qRT?PCR) in 172 CRC tissue samples. The relation of miR?100 expression patterns with clinical pathological significance in CRC was analyzed. The effects of alterations of miR?100 expression and its consequences on CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were demonstrated in cells cultured in vitro. Results The relative expression of miR?100 in CRC tissues and peritumoral tissues were -6. 185 ± 1. 921 and -3. 698 ± 1. 786, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups( P<0.01) . There was a significant difference between the relative expression of miR?100 in CRC with lymph node metastasis (-5.706±1.809) and without lymph node metastasis (-6.775± 1.902, P<0.01). The relative expression of miR?100 in tumors of different TNM stages were -7.267±1.888 in stage Ⅰ, -6.443±1.859 in stageⅡ,-5.923±1.796 in stageⅢ, and-4.639±1.516 in stageⅣ, with a significant difference among them(P<0.01). Different differentiation grades showed different expression of miR?100, i.e. -7. 389 ± 1. 828 in well differentiated tumors, -6. 095 ± 1. 843 in moderately differentiated tumors, and -5.476±2.088 in poorly differentiated tumors (P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between miR?100 expression and overall survival rates of the CRC patients (P=0.179). Overexpression of miR?100 in the CRC cell line HCT?8 inhibited cell proliferation, but promoted cell apoptosis and migration. Conclusions The expression of miR?100 is correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and differentiation grade, and may be a potential biomarker indicating the development of CRC.