Objective·To analyze the expression of mitochondrial related gene SFXN3(sideroflexin 3)in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and its effect on cell proliferation.Methods·Mitochondrial related genes and TCGA-HNSCC dataset were obtained from public databases to identify the target gene SFXN3 by using bioinformatic methods.The expression of SFXN3 in HNSCC patient samples was analysed by using the UALCAN database,and survival analyses of patients with different SFXN3 expression levels were performed according to TCGA-HNSCC cohort and GEO cohorts(GSE65858,GSE41613 and GSE27020).By using TCGA-HNSCC cohort and GEO cohorts(GSE40020,GSE210287),the differences in SFXN3 expression levels between therapeutic responders and non-responders were compared.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to verify the expression of SFXN3 in the collected HNSCC tumor and para-tumor tissues,and the expression level of SFXN3 in human normal oral epithelial cells and HNSCC tumor cell lines was detected.With the construction of stable-SFXN3-knockdown HNSCC cell lines,the effect of SFXN3 on the proliferation ability of HNSCC cells was observed by using the Incucyte live-cell imaging analysis system and plate colony formation assay.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the total RNA of stably-SFXN3-knockdown cells and control cells,and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the genes with differentially down-regulated expression in knockdown group compared with control group.Results·SFXN3 was highly expressed in tumor tissues of HNSCC patients(P=0.000),and the prognosis of patients in the SFXN3-high-expression group was poor(all P＜0.05).The expression level of SFXN3 in the non-responders was higher than that in the responders(P=0.008),indicating an unfavorable prognosis.High expression of SFXN3 was verified in the collected HNSCC tumor tissues and HNSCC cell lines(all P＜0.05).After the knockdown of SFXN3 expression,the proliferation ability of HNSCC cells decreased,and the number of plate clones decreased(all P＜0.05).RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed down-regulated genes in HNSCC cells in the SFXN3-knockdown group were enriched in DNA replication,cell cycle,mitochondrial translation,mitochondrial RNA metabolic process and mitochondrial gene expression pathways.Conclusion·SFXN3 is highly expressed in HNSCC and it has negative correlation with the prognosis of patients.The proliferation ability and plate colony formation ability are inhibited in SFXN3-knockdown HNSCC cells,and these may work by affecting mitochondria function.

In order to explore the role of pre-basic course teaching in the standardized training of residents in clinical pathology, we have independently designed and constructed a pre-basic course teaching system mainly focusing on anatomy and histoembryology, consisting of two levels of theoretical teaching (small lectures by students and systematic lectures by instructors) and two dimensions of practical training (sample collection teaching and case teaching). This teaching model centering on participatory lecturing, practice, summarization, assessment, and feedback has been demonstrated effective. The results showed that the theoretical and practical assessment scores of the experimental group [(458.80±17.60) and (415.40±19.30), respectively] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(444.50±20.90) and (398.80±23.70), respectively]. Among 28 students of grades 2019 to 2021 surveyed for teaching effectiveness, 96.43% were satisfied with the teaching model. The established teaching model provides new ideas for the reform of teaching methods in the standardized training of residents in clinical pathology.

Objective:To investigate changes of intestinal flora and the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in elderly mice with cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods:Eighteen fourteen-month-old male SPF grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control and sevoflurane groups, with 9 mice in each group. The mice of sevoflurane group inhaled 3% sevoflurane for 2 hours daily for three days. Fecal samples were collected post-exposure 24 hours for 16S rRNA sequencing. Morris water maze was then used to test the cognitive ability. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of synapse-associated proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins of hippocampus, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins of colon. Golgi staining was used to observe the number of dendritic spines in the hippocampus. qPCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α mRNA in mice colon and hippocampal tissues.Results:(1) The Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of the sevoflurane group was longer than the control group, but there was statistical difference only on the fifth day ( P<0.05). In the spatial exploration test, escape latency of the sevoflurane group was higher than that of the control group((49.50±9.99)s, (18.67±7.63)s, t=6.005, P<0.001), and platform crossing frequency was less than that of the control group((0.83±0.75)times, (2.33±1.03)times, t=2.87, P=0.017). (2) Western blot and Golgi staining results showed that the expression of hippocampal synaptic-related proteins and the number of dendritic spines in the sevoflurane group were significantly reduced compared with those in control group (all P<0.05). (3) 16S rRNA sequencing showed significant β-diversity difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, potential pathogens that p_Desulfobacterota and g_Desulfovibrio increased significantly in the sevoflurane group (both P<0.05), and beneficial bacteria that p_Verrucomicrobiota and g_Akkermansia decreased significantly (both P<0.05). (4) Compared with the control group, the results of qPCR showed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA in the colon and hippocampal tissues of the sevoflurane group (all P<0.05). Western blot results showed increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in the colon and hippocampal tissues of the sevoflurane group (both P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed the higher fluorescence intensity of ASC in the DG region of the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group compared with the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The cognitive dysfunction model induced by sevoflurane in elderly mice shows neuroinflammatory reactions and synaptic damage, which may be related to intestinal microbiota imbalance and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Pathological specimen sampling is not only the prerequisite of a good pathological diagnosis, but also the primary clinical skill that must be mastered by the standardized residency training trainees (resident trainees) in clinical pathology department. In view of the problems and difficulties encountered in the teaching of specimen sampling, through five years of exploration and attempt, this paper has gradually established a new model with five basic elements, including theory teaching, practice teaching, promoting teaching effect by examination, learning from senior students, and review teaching. The results of evaluation analysis and questionnaire survey show that the teaching mode can make the trainees master the methods of specimen sampling quickly and efficiently, learn and improve clinical skills in practice, and lay a solid foundation for the subsequent standardized training of histopathological diagnosis.

Minimizing the burden on study subjects and assessing the general dietary nutritional status as accurately as possible are the basis of a nutritional epidemiological cohort study in the general population. While introducing the main dietary nutrition assessment methods, this paper manly describes the basic contents and principles for the development of food frequency questionnaire, and briefly illustrates the problems and solutions for the development of area specific food frequency questionnaires by taking the example of Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Finally, discusses preliminarily the necessity and possibility of developing a national food frequency questionnaire.

Objective:To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of CD19 in patients with Acute myelogenous leukemia with AML1-ETO positive. Methods: Clinical data of 66 patients AML with AML1-ETO positive who were newly diagnosed from Jan 2010 to Dec 2015 were collected. To retrospectively analyze the relationship between clinical characteristics and expression of CD19,so dose the prognosis. Results:The positive rate of CD19 expressing in AML with AML1-ETO positive was 50. 0%. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age,gender,hemoglobin,platelet,percentage of bone marrow blasts,accompanied with chromosome ,gene mutations between patients with and without CD19 expression(P>0. 05). The white blood cell count(WBC) of the CD19 negative group was higher than CD19 positive group,while showed significant difference(P=0. 027). Although the relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with CD19 expression was higher than those without,no significant difference was calculated (P=0. 105). Patients with CD19 expression had superior overall survival ( OS ) compared to those without CD19 expression ( P = 0. 030 ) . Multivariable analysis for OS identified CD19 positivity as an independent predictor associated with better prognosis. Conclusion: The expression of CD19 in AML with AML1-ETO positive may be an indicator associated with better prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral neck lymph node me-tastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients, and to analyze the importance of high resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lateral neck lymph node metastasis in PTMC patients. Methods:A retrospective protocol was applied, and a total of 1 037 PTMC patients were reviewed. These patients underwent central lymph node dissection or thyroidectomy with lateral neck lymph node dissection between January and November in 2013 in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Clinicopathological factors, namely, age, sex, primary tumor size, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and local invasion, were analyzed. Results: CLNMs were found in 332 of 1037 patients (32.0%), and 71 out of 1037 patients had lateral neck lymph node metastasis (6.85%). In the univariate analysis, patients with the following risk factors were at high risk of CLNM (P<0.05):male, aged≤45 years old, with primary tumor size of>5 mm, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and local invasion. Male patients with cen-tral lymph node metastasis positively showed high lateral neck lymph node metastasis rate (P<0.05) according to high-resolution ultra-sonography diagnosis. The rate of lateral neck lymph node metastasis increased with increasing number of central lymph node metasta-ses. The sensitivity and specificity of high resolution ultrasonography for lateral neck lymph node metastasis were 92.96%and 81.48%in PTMC patients.Conclusion:Prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection needs to be performed in patients with CLNM risk factors (i.e., male, aged≤45 years old, primary tumor size of>5 mm, multifocality, bilateralism, thyroid capsular invasion, and lo-cal invasion). The importance of high-resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing lateral neck lymph node metastasis was revealed by the results. Thus, this method should be widely popularized. Radical neck dissection should be performed in male patients who received a positive diagnosis via ultrasonography or those with PTMC who had more than three positive nodes in the central lymph node metasta-sis. However, given the high occurrence rate of PTMC, a prospective study needs to be conducted in the future.

Aim To evaluate the endothelial dysfunction level of different arteries at different stages of SHR,and the recovery after administration.Methods SHR model was used,captopril(3.375 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) was administered from week 7 to week 24 and the effects were observed continuously until 8 weeks post treatment.Pathological changes of aorta,mesenteric and apex cordis arteries were examined at the time points of 6,18,24,32 wk,and the endothelial-dependent relaxation of the former two preparations were tested by acetylcholine(ACh)(n=6).Results There were pathological changes in the thoracic aorta,mesenteric artery and arteriole at 18 wk,and aggravated along the age.The thoracic aorta demonstrated the most severe pathological changes appearing endothelial cells ablated and tunica media thickening.The significant decline of endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta,and mesenteric arteries of SHR reflected an aging dependent change of vascular function with the most severe situation in the aorta(P=0.10,18 wk,P<0.01 24,32 wk);captopril increased the aorta vasodilatation of SHR at 18 wk time point,without the effect in mesenteric artery(P<0.05 vs SHR).Conclusions During the progress of SHR,endothelial damages have been observed in all three kinds of vasculatures together with the reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation.The aorta presents earlier and deeper damage than middle and small size vessels,and is sensitive towards the antihypertensive therapy such as the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.