OBJECTIVE To develop a new method for detecting 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) in clinical settings. METHODS Specific primers and fluorescence probes were designed to target the TBX1 gene within the 22q11.2 deletion region and a reference gene RPP30. Multiplexed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was run to detect the 22q11.2 microdeletion by calculating the ratio of positive droplet number of TBX1/RPP30. RESULTS Three cases of 22q11.2 microdeletion previously confirmed by array comparative genome hybridization were successfully identified. Subsequently, the ddPCR detected two further cases of 22q11.2 microdeletion among 14 children with congenital heart diseases. CONCLUSION The ddPCR technique has provided a rapid and cost-effective method for detecting 22q11.2 microdeletion in clinical settings.

Purpose:Taking tuberculosis as an example, this paper aims at to analyzing the level of reimburse-ment for infectious diseases care, and clarifying the government responsibility. Methods:In order to achieve the ob-jective of this research, UHC framework was used to analyze the security level. Result:The findings of this research reveal that TB in-patients' Compensation Ratio of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme ( NCMS) was lower than aver-age level of all the NCMS patients, the out-patients' was even lower. The categories of anti-tuberculotic for free was limited, the utilization was not as expected. Medical assistance covered few people in spite of its high level of reim-bursement. Conclusion:Based on the findings of this review, it has been revealed that the medical insurance didn't make a big difference in financial protection for patients with infectious diseases. As the treatment for of infectious diseases is a quasi-public good, the government has to shoulder the responsibility of improving the compensation ratio of the patients.

Objective To investigate the effect oftopiramate on NACHT-LRR-PYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and intedeukin (IL)-1β levels in trigeminal ganglion of migraine rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group,saline group,model group,prevention control group,10 mg/kg topiramate group,30 mg/kg topiramate group,60 mg/kg topiramate group,and 90 mg/kg topiramate group (n=5).Inflammatory soup was used to stimulate the dual matter of rats repeatedly to induce migraine models:rats in the blank group were without any treatment,those in the saline group were given saline to stimulate the dual matter,different concentrations of topiramate group were given to migraine models of the 10 mg/kg topiramate group,30 mg/kg topiramate group,60 mg/kg topiramate group,and 90 mg/kg topiramate group,respectively,and migraine models of the prevention control group were given saline containing 1％ Tween80.Three h after the last treatment,the expressions of NALP3,caspase-1 precursor (pro-caspase-1),caspase-1 and IL-1β in trigeminal ganglion of rats were detected by Western blotting,and the best concentration oftopiramate was chosen for subsequent immunofluorescence experiments.Ten healthy male adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group and topiramate group (n=5);the expression levels of NALP3,caspase-1 and IL-1β in trigeminal ganglion of the two groups were detected by immunofluorescence.Results The expression levels ofNALP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1 and IL-1β were not significantly different between saline group and blank group (P＞0.05);the expression levels ofNALP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1 and IL-1β in the model group were significantly higher than those in the saline group (P＜0.05).The expression levels of NALP3,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1 and IL-1β in 60 mg/kg topiramate group and 90 mg/kg topiramate group were significantly lower than those in the prevention control group (P＜0.05).The fluorescence intensity ofNALP3,caspase-1 and IL-1β in topiramate group was significantly lower than that in control group.Condusion Topiramate can inhibit the expression of NALP3 inflammasome and IL-1β in the trigeminal ganglion of migraine rat models,and it is likely to be one of the important mechanisms for the prevention of migraine.

Stakeholder theory and game theory were applied to analyze the stakeholders,role definition,participation,interest,power,position and the shift of positions under different conditions in the negotiation.Use SPSS 17.0 to analyze the database of NCMS in 2009～2010 in three counties of Hubei province,and then employ Linear programming method to do a case study of price negotiation.It is difficult to meet all stakeholders' expectations under the current condition of catastrophic disease insurance pooled at municipal-level.Medical cost differences in tertiary hospitals at provincial level are small for different regions,which constitute a basis for price negotiation at provincial level.Besides,the negotiation at province level can effectively address the conflicts of interest,and promote the negotiations.Negotiation at provincial level for such diseases,and formulating unified pricing standards for multi-wins.

Objective To explore how to determine the designated hospitals for critical illness scientifically and reasonably.Methods Analyzing the choice of medical providers by inpatients with critical illness,by means of the database of NRCMS in 2009～2010 in one county,Guangxi province.And analyzing the current policies on the basis of general principals used in health policy analysis.Results The choices of medical providers made by inpatients with critical illness are influenced by various factors.Choice of such hospitals should only be dependent on scientific and reasonable determination of patients' reasonable medical needs,instead of on the medical competency of the hospitals only.Conclusion Maximal cost-effectiveness should prevail,be it the class-1 demand of complete healing which is highly dependent on medical technology,or class-2 demand requiring repeated hospitalizations and not highly dependent on medical technology.Reasonable designation of hospitals for critical illness should be based on reasonable medical needs of patients,instead of medical competency of hospitals only.

This paper proposed the idea of building the applied anatomical experiment and research platform for surgical postgraduates with professional degree,establishing double-tutorial system and applying applied anatomical teaching in basis course learning,clinical skill training and research capacity cultivating after analyzing the reasons of poor applied anatomical background of surgical postgraduates with professional degree.These ideas were intended to improve the cultivation quality.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of expression of MG7-Ag diflferentiation and guidance of follow-up mucosal biopsy in the patients with suspected malignanct gastric ulcer.Methods The expression of MG7-Ag in 58 patients who were suspected as having malignant gastric ulcer under routine endoscopy was studied by immuno-histochemical staining.The follow-up endoscopy was pefformed 1 to 72 weeks(mean 7 weeks)later and biopsy was taken.Results There were 19 cases of gastric carcinoma in 30 patients with positive MG7-Ag expression(63.3%)and only 5 in 28 patients with negative MG7-Ag expression(P＜0.01).Conclusion The positive expression of MG7-Ag is correlated with gastrie carcinoma in patients with suspected malignant gastric ulcer.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Changjishu soft elastic capsule, a new Chinese herbal medicine for smoothing liver, invigorating spleen and regulating qi activity, on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) patients with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To find out some evidence that may indicate the theory of voice pitch of the five tones being correlated with the five zang viscera in Huangdi Neijing, which was lost 2 000 years. METHODS: Eight-four healthy females were divided into younger group (<34 years old) and older group (> or =34 years old) according to their ages. The pronunciations of these females were examined by sono-frequency analysis facility. RESULTS: The frequency of Jiao tone was much higher than those of the other tones in both groups (P<0.01) and the frequency of Jiao tone increased as aging. The frequency of Zhi tone in the younger group was higher than that in the older group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of higher frequency of Jiao tone in females is in accordance with the theory put forward by Ye Gui (a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty of China) that the liver is the congenital base of female life. In traditional Chinese medicine, Jiao tone is correlated with the liver, and Zhi tone is correlated with the heart. The high frequency of Zhi tone in younger females implies that regulating the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang and Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin may be beneficial to the health maintenance of younger female.

Objective To investigate the changes of dopamine-?-hydroxylase(DBH) and activator protein 2-?(AP-2?) expression in spinal cord under the condition of stress or pain stimulation,so as to explore the mechanism for changes of noradrenergic(NA) neurons in the spinal cord of rat pain model.Methods Immunohistochemical staining,double immunofluorescent staining,Western blotting and computing-image analysis system were used to detect the changes of DBH/AP-2? expression in the spinal cord of formalin-induced rat pain model.Results A small number of DBH-positive neurons were sparsely distributed in the ventral horn of the normal spinal cord,while in the formalin-treated group,much more darkly-stained DBH-positive neurons appeared primarily in the ventral horn,intermediate zone,and the dorsal horn,which reached the highest level on day 3 after formalin-injection.The grey value and number of DBH-positive neurons on day 7 after injection began to decrease,but still higher than that in the control group.Compared with control group,the number of noradrenergic neurons in spinal cord of formalin-treated rat was increased significantly,which was also confirmed by Western blotting.Double immunofluorescent staining showed that DBH and AP-2? co-existed in the cells of the spinal cord.The changes of AP-2? expression were similarly to that of DBH in the spinal cord of rat pain model.Conclusion Our results indicated that some non-noradrenergic neurons with different chemical properties might convert into noradrenergic neurons under pain stimulation;noradrenaline may be involved in the formalin-induced pain and behavior regulation;As one of transcription factors,AP-2? may promote the DBH synthesis.