【Objective】 To evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term indwelling of Allium ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral stricture. 【Methods】 The clinical data of patients who underwent endoscopic Allium ureteral stent implantation for ureteral stricture in our hospital during Aug.2020 and Dec.2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical conditions and adverse events were recorded. The data of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal pelvis width under ultrasound were compared before surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. 【Results】 A total of 52 patients with ureteral stricture of 1.1 (0.7, 2.0)cm were included. All operations were successful. The operation time was 82.5 (70, 114)min, intraoperative blood loss 20 (10, 20)mL, and postoperative hospitalization stay 1 (1, 2) day. During the follow-up of (13.2±7.8) months, 14 patients had stent displacement, 5 had stone obstruction of stent tubes, 7 had occasional hematuria after movement, 9 had intermittent lumbar and abdominal pain, and 1 had recurrent urinary tract infection. The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and renal pelvis width of 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were significantly decreased, while GFR was significantly increased. 【Conclusion】 Long-term indwelling of Allium ureteral stent is effective in the treatment of ureteral stricture, but the high incidence of stent displacement should arouse attention.

Bile acids are synthesized and catabolized by the liver, and many factors can lead to disorders in the production, secretion, and reabsorption of bile acids, thereby causing abnormal bile acid metabolism in vivo . Common predisposing factors include hepatitis, viruses, alcohol, drugs, biliary obstruction, and inheritance. It has been reported that abnormal bile acid metabolism is associated with transporter gene mutation, and in-depth studies have been conducted in China and globally. This article reviews the mechanism of abnormal bile acid metabolism caused by gene mutations and related research advances, so as to provide a new basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.

Objective To study the effect of periodontitis on rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Methods A total of 80 male rats were randomly divided into the 4 weeks group (n=40) and the 8 weeks group (n=40), and then the two groups were randomly divided into the normal control group (N=10), the periodontitis group (PE=10), the chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP=10), and the peri-odontitis+chronic bacterial prostatitis group (CBP+PE=10) respectively. The pathological changes, inflammation score, level of TNF-αand IL-1β, and indicators of periodontal of all rats were observed. Results In the 4 weeks group, the indicators of periodontal in PE group and CBP+PE group were higher than that in N group and CBP group (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between PE group and CBP+PE group as well as between the N group and the CBP group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflammation score,TNF-αlevel ,IL-1 β level in CBP+PE group and CBP group were higher than that in N group and PE group (P<0. 05), while there was no sing-nificant difference between N group and PE group as well as between CBP+PE group and CBP group (P>0. 05). In the 8 weeks group, the indicators of periodontal in PE group and CBP+PE group were higher than that in N group and CBP group (P<0. 05), but there was no sig-nificant difference between PE group and CBP+PE group as well as between the N group and the CBP group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflammation score, TNF-α level , IL-1 β level in CBP +PE group and CBP group were higher than that in N group and PE group (P<0. 05),while there was no singnificant difference between N group and PE group (P>0. 05). The pathological changes, inflam-mation score,TNF-α level ,IL-1 β level in CBP+PE group were higher than those in the CBP group (P<0. 05). Compared between 4 weeks group and 8 weeks group, there was no obvious difference in N group in terms of periodontal indexes. Periodontal indexes in 8 weeks PE group was higher than that in 4 weeks PE group (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference prostate tissue pathology, inflamma-tion score,TNF-α level,IL-1βlevel (P>0. 05). Pathology, inflammation score,TNF-αlevel, IL-1βlevel in 8 weeks CBP group were low-er compared to 4 weeks CBP group (P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference between the indexes of periodontal (P>0. 05). Prostate tissue pathology, inflammation score, TNF-αlevel, IL-1βlevel in 8 weeks CBP+PE group were lower than that in 4 weeks CBP+PE group (P<0. 05), but indicators of periodontal in 8 weeks CBP+PE group were higher than 4 weeks CBP+PE group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Chronic bacterial prostatitis combined with periodontitis can inhibit self-healing tendency of chronic bacterial prostatitis of rats and keep rats in chronic inflammatory phase.

Objective To study the effect of ultrasound-mediated microbubble on the concentration of cefuroxime in rat prostate. Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into the experimental group ( ultrasound-mediated microbubble+cefuroxime group) and the control group ( cefuroxime group) . The experimental group was given cefuroxime and microbubble via the tail vein, and then the prostates were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation for five minutes. The control group was given cefuroxime and the same amount of normal salin via the tail vein, and then given sham ultrasonic irradiation for five minutes. After the prostate was taken, cefuroxime concentration in pros-tate was measured by high performance liquid chromatograph. Results Concentration of cefuroxime in the experimental and the control group were (16. 274 ± 9. 515) μg/mg and (8. 336 ± 6. 743) μg/mg respectively. Compared to the control group, the concentration of cefuroxime was significant higher in the experimental group, and the difference is statistically significant (P <0. 05). Conclusion Low-dose ultra-sound-mediated microbubble can significantly improve the permeability of rat prostate tissue, thereby enhancing the drug concentration in prostate tissue.

Virtual reality simulators and surgical demonstration were used in laparoscopic teaching combining teacher' guiding with students' practice to improve the teaching effectiveness hecause of the limitations of the traditional apprenticeship teaching methods.The new method was applied for 2 cycles and for 6 weeks.The results showed that the teaching methods of virtual reality simulators combined with surgical demonstration can significantly improve the effectiveness of laparoscopic teaching and shorten the initial learning curve,therefore it is worth promoting in laparoscopic operation training and teaching.

To establish a new kind of minimally invasive surgical model of transurethral prostate enucleation operation and method that makes the operation easier and reduces the surgeon learning curve.According to the order and the path of surgical operation,prostate enucleation operation is split into 4 different modules named as A,B,C,D,and it is called modular transurethral enucleation of the prostate.The operation mode optimizes the process of operation design, modularizes the contents of surgical procedures,processes,and reduces the difficulty of the operation,and simplifies the surgical procedure,which can effectively shorten the operation time and make it easy for beginners to carry out and control the procedure.It has a great popularization value.

Objective:To study the effect of heme oxygenase-1 on erythropoietin protection renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Methods:male mice were used to make ischemic model by clamping left renal artery for 45min, 80 male mice were separated with four groups. Group 1 (n=20) as control group, group 2 (n=20) as ischemia group, group 3 (n=20) received EPO treatment. group 4 (n=20) received EPO and ZnPP treatment. Plasma MDA,Cr,BUN and tissue SOD,IL-6 were observed. the enzyme activity and expression of heme oxygenase-1 were detected. Results:The enzyme activity and expression of heme oxygenase-1 of EPO groups were enhanced,and plasma MDA,Cr,BUN and tissue IL-6 of EPO groups were significantly lower than those ischemia groups. SOD was significantly higher. The protection effects of EPO on renal IRI were reduced of ZNPP group. Conclusion:The protective effect of erythropoietin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice related on increasing heme oxygenase-1enzyme activity.

Objective To observe the immunosuppression function of a novel HLA-derived peptide, RDP1258, after rat renal transplantation in vivo.Methods Peptides were synthesized by Fmoc chemistry method. The rat renal heterotopic transplantation model (n=32) was established. The allograft rats were divided into 4 group: group A (n=8) receiving subtherapeutic CsA+RDP1258 peptide; group B (n=8) receiving RDP1258 alone; group C (n=8) receiving subtherapeutic CsA alone; and group D (n=8) receiving no immunosuppression. The renal allograft survival days of receptor rats were observed. Serum creatinine was measured and color Doppler flow imaging was checked. Renal tissues were harvested for light microscopic examination. The immunologic tolerance status of rat renal allografts was detected by MLR of 60th day receptor rat spleen cells cultured with the donor spleen cells and the third party.Results The allograft survival time in groups A, B, C and D were ( 63.4?30.6)days, (18.3?7.3)days, (16.9?6.4)days and (9.4?2.6)days, with the difference being significant between group A and other three groups. The results of MLR revealed that a hyporesponsiveness to donor occurred while the normal reaction to the third parity was retained.Conclusion A novel HLA derived peptide therapy combined with a sub-therapeutic dose of CsA significantly prolonged allograft survival days, and the mechanism might be that RDP1258 induced a donor-specific immunologic tolerance status in the recipients.

Objective To observe the immunosuppressive function of a novel HLA-derived peptide, RDP1258, and to investigate the mechanisms in vivo. Methods A peptide derived from HLA, RDP1258, was chemically synthesized. The effects of the peptide on alloreactive cytotoxic activities of rat spleen cells in vivo were observed using ~(3)H-TDR method. As compared with the HO-1 inducer hemin and the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), the HO enzyme activity was analyzed by enzyme chemistry method. Results The in vivo administration of the synthetic HLA-derived peptide can obviously inhibit the proliferation of rat spleen cells stimulated by isoantigen and mitogen, and resulted in upregulation of splenic heme oxygenase activity and rapid upregulation of HO-1 protein expression. Conclusion RDP1258 inhibits the proliferation of rat spleen cells induced by mitogen and isoantigen probably through enhancing the HO-1 activity.