Pigeons show flocking and homing behaviors,which require characteristics including long-distance weight-bearing and continuous flight,with excellent navigation and spatial cognitive abilities.Pigeons have been widely used in animal robot research in recent years.Pigeon robots achieve motor behavior control by applying neural information intervention to specific neural targets in the pigeon's brain.This review summarizes research progress in pigeon robots based on the sensory system,motivation and emotional system or cortex and midbrain motor area respectively,according to the distribution of hierarchical multi-level neural regulatory targets in the pigeon's brain,with the aim of providing reference and guidance for further applied research into the use of pigeon robots in space perception,reconnaissance,and anti-terrorism search and rescue.

Hypertension and osteoporosis(OP)are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people,and the number of patients with both diseases has gradually increased in recent years.Because the onset of the disease is hidden,it is easy to cause fractures and serious complications of heart,brain and kidney in the later stage,which not only seriously damages the quality of life of patients,but also increases the difficulty of clinical treatment.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to strengthen the research on this disease.More and more studies have found that the disorder of intestinal flora will lead to the occurrence of OP,while the intestinal flora of patients with hypertension is obviously out of balance.Therefore,this paper thinks that intestinal flora may be the key influencing factor of hypertension complicated with OP,and the imbalance of intestinal flora will lead to the imbalance of short-chain fatty acid metabolism,immune inflammatory reaction and increased sympathetic nerve activity,thus causing the imbalance of bone homeostasis and promoting the occurrence of OP.Therefore,it is suggested that regulating intestinal flora may be a new way to intervene hypertension complicated with OP.

In the era of evidence-based medicine, it is necessary to explore the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on standardized technical methods and operating procedures in order to achieve the modernization and internationalization of TCM and benefit all humanity. The proposal of a three-pronged evidence system combining TCM theory, human experience and experimental evidence marks an important progress in the thinking method of the TCM evaluation system. The multi-evidence body integrated through appropriate methods provides a strong support for the clinical guideline recommendations and evidence-based health decision-making in TCM. Based on the current methodological progress of international evidence synthesis and grading, this paper proposes a novel approach for integrating multi-evidence in TCM: the MERGE framework. The aim is to establish a solid foundation for the development of this methodology and provide guidance for the advancement of evidence-based medicine framework in TCM.

Objective To develop a GIS-based 3D playback system for the flight human-plane data to realize the fusion of pilots'airborne flight data and physiological data.Methods The 3D playback system was developed with the Browser/Server(B/S)architecture,micro-server model,Java language and Spring Cloud technology framework,which was composed of three functional modules for flight process reproduction,physiological situational awareness and critical event calibration analysis.Results The system developed achieved time synchronization and data fusion of airborne flight data and physiological data with a time synchronization frequency of 1 Hz and a refresh rate of not less than 120 frames/s.Conclusion The system developed with high safety,stability,reliability and accuracy facilitates pilot in-flight physiological monitoring and fusion and simultaneous display of airborne flight data and physiological data,which can be used as an important platform for decision-making support in flight training.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):14-19]

Purpose::Under-foot impact loadings can cause serious lower limb injuries in many activities, such as automobile collisions and underbody explosions to military vehicles. The present study aims to compare the biomechanical responses of the mainstream vehicle occupant dummies with the human body lower limb model and analyze their robustness and applicability for assessing lower limb injury risk in underfoot impact loading environments.Methods::The Hybrid III model, the test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) model, and a hybrid human body model with the human active lower limb model were adopted for under-foot impact analysis regarding different impact velocities and initial lower limb postures.Results::The results show that the 2 dummy models have larger peak tibial axial force and higher sensitivity to the impact velocities and initial postures than the human lower limb model. In particular, the Hybrid III dummy model presented extremely larger peak tibial axial forces than the human lower limb model. In the case of minimal difference in tibial axial force, Hybrid III's tibial axial force (7.5 KN) is still 312.5% that of human active lower limb's (2.4 KN). Even with closer peak tibial axial force values, the biomechanical response curve shapes of the THOR model show significant differences from the human lower limb model.Conclusion::Based on the present results, the Hybrid III dummy cannot be used to evaluate the lower limb injury risk in under-foot loading environments. In contrast, potential improvement in ankle biofidelity and related soft tissues of the THOR dummy can be implemented in the future for better applicability.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs)-derived exosomes in the anti-apoptotic effect of Danhong Injection (DHI) and the mechanism of DHI-induced exosomal protection against postinfarction myocardial apoptosis. METHODS: A mouse permanent myocardial infarction (MI) model was established, followed by a 14-day daily treatment with DHI, DHI plus GW4869 (an exosomal inhibitor), or saline. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-induced ECs-derived exosomes were isolated, analyzed by miRNA microarray and validated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The exosomes induced by DHI (DHI-exo), PBS (PBS-exo), or DHI+GW4869 (GW-exo) were isolated and injected into the peri-infarct zone following MI. The protective effects of DHI and DHI-exo on MI hearts were measured by echocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and TUNEL apoptosis assay. The Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the expression levels of miR-125b/p53-mediated pathway components, including miR-125b, p53, Bak, Bax, and caspase-3 activities. RESULTS: DHI significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size in MI mice (P<0.01), which was abolished by the GW4869 intervention. DHI promoted the exosomal secretion in ECs (P<0.01). According to the results of exosomal miRNA microarray assay, 30 differentially expressed miRNAs in the DHI-exo were identified (28 up-regulated miRNAs and 2 down-regulated miRNAs). Among them, DHI significantly elevated miR-125b level in DHI-exo and DHI-treated ECs, a recognized apoptotic inhibitor impeding p53 signaling (P<0.05). Remarkably, treatment with DHI and DHI-exo attenuated apoptosis, elevated miR-125b expression level, inhibited capsase-3 activity, and down-regulated the expression levels of proapoptotic effectors (p53, Bak, and Bax) in post-MI hearts, whereas these effects were blocked by GW4869 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION DHI and DHI-induced exosomes inhibited apoptosis, promoted the miR-125b expression level, and regulated the p53 apoptotic pathway in post-infarction myocardium.
Mice ; Animals ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Apoptosis ; MicroRNAs/metabolism*

Objective: To examine the radiomics model based on high-resolution T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting microsatellite stability in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods: From February 2016 to October 2020, 175 patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively collected. There were 119 males and 56 females, aged (63.9±9.4) years (range: 37 to 85 years), including 152 patients with microsatellite stability and 23 patients with microsatellite instability. All patients were randomly divided into the training group (n=123) and the validation group (n=52) with a ratio of 7∶3. The region of interest was labeled on the T2WI and DWI images of each patient using the ITK-SNAP software, and PyRadiomics was used to extract seven kinds of radiomics features. After removing redundant features and normalizing features, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation were used for feature selection. One clinical model, three radiomics models and one clinical-radiomics model were constructed in the training group based on a support vector machine. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to evaluate the performance of the models in the verification group. Results: Three clinical features (age, degree of tumor differentiation, and distance from the lower edge of the tumor to the anal edge) and six radiomics features (two DWI-related features and four T2WI-related features) most related to microsatellite status of rectal cancer patients were selected. The AUC of the clinical-radiomics model in the training group was 0.95. In the validation group, the AUC was 0.81, better than the clinical model (0.68, Z=0.71, P=0.04), and equivalent to the T2WI+DWI model (0.82, Z=0.21, P=0.83). Conclusions: Radiomic features based on preoperative T2WI and DWI were related to microsatellite stability in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer and showed a high classification efficiency. The model based on the features provided a noninvasive and convenient tool for preoperative determination of microsatellite stability in rectal cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo review the ancient and modern literature of Huanglian Ejiaotang and learn about the historical evolution and clinical application， thereby providing a theoretical basis for the modern application of the classical prescription. MethodLiterature in the Chinese Medical Classics Database was retrieved with "Huanglian Ejiaotang" as the keyword. In China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed， "Huanglian Ejiaotang" in Chinese and English was used as the keyword to retrieve literature. The items and modern clinical application studies related to the prescription， medicine， dosage， syndrome， and treatment of Huanglian Ejiaotang were selected and recorded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen out literature. The information about the dynasty， book title， function， and indication was integrated to understand the history， evolution， and clinical application of Huanglian Ejiaotang. ResultFinally， 89 ancient books were included with 111 items. Huanglian Ejiaotang was initially recorded in ZHANG Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases in the Han dynasty. It was composed of five herbs， namely Coptidis Rhizoma， Scutellariae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asini Corii Colla， and egg yolk. With the change of historical dynasties， the composition， origin basis， dosage， and preparation method of Huanglian Ejiaotang all changed， but the changes in the processing were not obvious， which was basically consistent with Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases. In addition， 48 studies were included to analyze the clinical application of Huanglian Ejiaotang， which was mainly used for insomnia， anxiety， depression， diabetes， and so on. ConclusionAccording to the ancient and modern literature， the origin basis， dosage， processing， decoction， administration， and other content of Huanglian Ejiaotang are consistent with Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases. The present clinical application has expanded the usage scale of the ancient record， which promotes the innovation and development of the classic prescription and provides references for later research， development， and accurate application.

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the right colon. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified 288 right colon cancer patients who underwent either robotic-assisted (n=57) or laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (n=231) between October 2014 and October 2020 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. There were 161 males and 127 females, aging (60.3±12.8) years (range: 17 to 86 years). After propensity score matching as 1∶4 between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, there were 56 cases in robotic group and 176 cases in laparoscipic group. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival were compared between the two groups using t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ² test, Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results: The total operative time was similar between the robotic and laparoscopic group ((206.9±60.7) minutes vs. (219.9±56.3) minutes, t=-1.477, P=0.141). Intraoperative bleeding was less in the robotic group (50 (20) ml vs. 50 (50) ml, Z=-4.591, P<0.01), while the number of lymph nodes retrieved was significantly higher (36.0±10.0 vs. 29.0±10.1, t=4.491, P<0.01). Patients in robotic group experienced significantly shorter hospital stay, shorter time to first flatus, and defecation (t: -2.888, -2.946, -2.328, all P<0.05). Moreover, the overall peri-operative complication rate was similar between robotic and laparoscopic group (17.9% vs. 22.7%, χ²=0.596,P=0.465). The 3-year overall survival were 92.9% and 87.9% respectively and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 83.1% and 82.6% with no statistical significance between the robotic and laparoscopic group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared to laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, robot-assisted right hemicolectomy could improve some short-term clinical outcomes. The two procedures are both achieving comparable survival.
Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China