ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect and potential mechanisms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3A （IDH3A） on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MethodsThe expression of IDH3A in the myocardium of healthy volunteers （n=10） and patients with heart failure （HF） （n=10）， and in the myocardium of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction （TAC） surgery and sham operation， as well as in phenylephrine （PE）-induced neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes （NRVCs）， was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） and Western blot assay. The effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of IDH3A on the expression of hypertrophy-related genes in PE-induced NRVCs was also evaluated. The effect of IDH3A on NRVCs area was examined by phalloidin staining assay. A mutant of IDH3A with abolished enzymatic activity， IDH3A_D208A， was generated through site-directed mutagenesis. The impact of this IDH3A mutant on the hypertrophic phenotype， ATP and ROS levels in NRVCs was evaluated to investigate whether the regulatory role of IDH3A in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was dependent on its enzymatic activity. The effect of exogenous α-ketoglutaric acid （AKG） on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was also detected by Western blot and phalloidin staining assay， respectively. ResultsIDH3A was significantly decreased in the myocardium of HF patients， in the myocardium of TAC-operated mice， and in PE-induced NRVCs （P = 0.005 2，P = 0.026 6，P = 0.041 3 and P = 0.006 6， respectively）. Overexpression of IDH3A markedly suppressed the expression of hypertrophy-related genes and the increase of cell size of PE-induced NRVCs （P < 0.000 1， P = 0.000 1 and P = 0.000 2， respectively）. The ATP and ROS analysis indicated that IDH3A inhibited the increases of ATP and ROS levels in PE-induced NRVCs （P = 0.001 2 and P<0.000 1， respectively）， whereas the enzymatically inactive IDH3A mutant lacked this effect. Exogenous AKG provision could， but overexpression of IDH3A mutant failed to suppress PE-induced NRVCs hypertrophy. ConclusionIDH3A inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via elevating AKG level， providing scientific evidence for study on IDH3A-based treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.

In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

To investigate the genetic relatedness between carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) strains isolated from intestinal colonization and subsequent bloodstream infections.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic disorders are the 3 major chronic diseases threatening human health, which are closely related and often coexist, significantly increasing the difficulty of disease management. In response, the American Heart Association (AHA) proposed a novel disease concept of “cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome” in October 2023, which has triggered widespread concern about the co-treatment of heart and kidney diseases and the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders around the world. This review posits that effectively managing CKM syndrome requires a new and multidimensional paradigm for diagnosis and risk prediction that integrates biological insights, advanced technology and social determinants of health (SDoH). We argue that the core pathological driver is a “metabolic toxic environment”, fueled by adipose tissue dysfunction and characterized by a vicious cycle of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which forms a common pathway to multi-organ injury. The at-risk population is defined not only by biological characteristics but also significantly impacted by adverse SDoH, which can elevate the risk of advanced CKM by a factor of 1.18 to 3.50, underscoring the critical need for equity in screening and care strategies. This review systematically charts the progression of diagnostic technologies. In diagnostics, we highlight a crucial shift from single-marker assessments to comprehensive multi-marker panels. The synergistic application of traditional biomarkers like NT-proBNP (reflecting cardiac stress) and UACR (indicating kidney damage) with emerging indicators such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and Klotho protein facilitates a holistic evaluation of multi-organ health. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of non-invasive monitoring technologies in detecting subclinical disease. Techniques like multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) and impedance cardiography (ICG) provide a real-time window into microcirculatory and hemodynamic status, enabling the identification of early, often asymptomatic, functional abnormalities that precede overt organ failure. In imaging, progress is marked by a move towards precise, quantitative evaluation, exemplified by artificial intelligence-powered quantitative computed tomography (AI-QCT). By integrating AI-QCT with clinical risk factors, the predictive accuracy for cardiovascular events within 6 months significantly improves, with the area under the curve (AUC) increasing from 0.637 to 0.688, demonstrating its potential for reclassifying risk in CKM stage 3. In the domain of risk prediction, we trace the evolution from traditional statistical tools to next-generation models. The new PREVENT equation represents a major advancement by incorporating key kidney function markers (eGFR, UACR), which can enhance the detection rate of CKD in primary care by 20%-30%. However, we contend that the future lies in dynamic, machine learning-based models. Algorithms such as XGBoost have achieved an AUC of 0.82 for predicting 365-day cardiovascular events, while deep learning models like KFDeep have demonstrated exceptional performance in predicting kidney failure risk with an AUC of 0.946. Unlike static calculators, these AI-driven tools can process complex, multimodal data and continuously update risk profiles, paving the way for truly personalized and proactive medicine. In conclusion, this review advocates for a paradigm shift toward a holistic and technologically advanced framework for CKM management. Future efforts must focus on the deep integration of multimodal data, the development of novel AI-driven biomarkers, the implementation of refined SDoH-informed interventions, and the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration to construct an efficient, equitable, and effective system for CKM screening and intervention.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method was developed for determination of three kinds of β-agonists(Clenbuterol(CL),Ractopamine(RAC)and Salbutamol(SAL))residues in animal liver samples.The liver sample homogenates were extracted with organic solvent,followed by clean-up using the automatic magnetic solid-phase extraction(MSPE),and then analyzed using LC-MS/MS.The results showed that the magnetic mixed-mode cation exchange adsorbent(M-MCX)exhibited 34%higher adsorption capacity than the conventional mixed-mode cation exchange(MCX)column.Furthermore,the clean-up was conducted by using an automatic MSPE device,and 8 samples could be simultaneously treated within 30 min.The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.01-0.1 μg/kg,the average recoveries ranged from 88.2%to 110.5%,and the relative standard deviations(RSDs)were in range of 2.9%-10.3%at three spiked levels for the three kinds of β-agonists.Compared with the traditional SPE technique,the present method had many advantages such as simple operation,rapidity and high efficiency,which was suitable for high-throughput and automatic detection of residues in routine analysis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Modified Tongxie Yaofang(Important Formula for Relieving Diarrhea with Pain)in the treatment of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)with liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with IBS-D of liver depression and spleen deficiency type were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,30 patients in each group.The patients in the treatment group were given modified Tongxie Yaofang,and the patients in the control group were given Pivacurium Bromide Tablets(Dicetel).Both groups were treated for a 4-week course of treatment.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,irritable bowel syndrome quality of life(IBS-QOL)scores,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)scores of the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.Moreover,the efficacy for overall symptomatic improvement in the two groups was evaluated according to the grading of irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score(IBS-SSS),and the efficacy for improving single symptom such as abdominal pain and diarrhea as well as the relapse after 4 weeks of drug cessation in the two groups were compared.Results(1)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for overall symptomatic improvement in the treatment group was 83.33%(25/30),and that in the control group was 43.33%(13/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy for overall symptomatic improvement in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for improving single symptom of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the treatment group was 80.00%(24/30),90.00%(27/30),and that in the control group was 43.33%(13/30),46.67%(14/30),respectively.The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy for improving single symptom of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After 4 weeks of treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,IBS-QOL scores,and HAMA scores of patients in both groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the decrease in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After 4 weeks of drug withdrawal,the recurrence rate of the treatment group was 24.00%(6/25),which was significantly lower than that of the control group(61.54%,8/13),and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified Tongxie Yaofang exerts certain effect in treating patients with IBS-D of liver depression and spleen deficiency type,and the decoction is effective on decreasing the scores of symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea as well as TCM syndrome scores,improving the quality of life of the patients,and alleviating the anxiety status of the patients.

Objective To summarize the prescription and medication rules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners through data mining analysis.Methods The literature on treating diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners were retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang and VIP,and the collections of clinical experience and medical cases of contemporary Lingnan famous practitioners were also reviewed to screen the relevant medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by Lingnan famous practitioners.The information of Chinese medicine prescriptions for diabetes mellitus in the medical records was input to Excel to establish a database,and then the frequency analysis was performed in terms of the nature,flavors and meridian tropism,therapeutic-action classification of the Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types.Moreover,the association rule analysis and cluster analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results A total of 62 medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by the 24 contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners such as DENG Tie-Tao,LIU Shi-Chang,XIONG Man-Qi,LI Sai-Mei,ZHU Zhang-Zhi,LIU Min,and FAN Guan-Ji were screened out for the analysis.And a total of 101 prescriptions involving 210 Chinese herbal medicines were included.There were 29 commonly-used Chinese medicines with a frequency being or more than 15 times,and they were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Astragali Radix,Bupleuri Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Poria,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Scutellariae Radix,etc.According to the therapeutic action,the Chinese medicines were mainly classified into the categories of drugs for supplementing the deficiency,drugs for clearing heat,and drugs for dispelling wind-damp.The primary syndrome types were syndrome of deficiency of both spleen and kidney and syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency,and the syndromes were usually complicated with the syndrome elements of qi deficiency,yin deficiency,yang deficiency,cold-damp,phlegm-damp,and damp-heat.The association rule analysis yielded 28 core drug combinations consisting of 2-4 herbs,and the cluster analysis yielded 5 new candidate prescriptions,which were mainly derived from the modification of classical formulas such as Xiao Chaihu Decoction,Fuzi Lizhong Decoction,Yuquan Pills plus Zengye Decoction,and Zuogui Pills.Conclusion For the treatment of diabetes mellitus,contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners primarily adopt the methods of invigorating spleen and warming kidney,and soothing liver,draining dampness and resolving turbidity,which has more distinctive regional characteristics of Lingnan and can provide a reference for syndrome differentiation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Lingnan area.

Objective To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced M1 polarization of macrophages on tumor growth.Methods Female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group.Renca cells were used to establish subcutaneous tumor model.NaCl(100μl/mice,once every two days)or LPS(100μg/mice,once every two days)was injected to the tumor side when the tumor grew to 50mm3.The M1 polarization level of tumor-associated macrophages was detected by flow cytometry.Mouse tumor cell lines(ML-1,MC38,Renca)were divided into three groups:blank group(complete medium with 50％DMEM basal medium),control group(complete medium with 50％medium supernatant of cultured macrophages)and experimental group(complete medium with 50％medium supernatant of LPS pretreated cultured macrophages).The proliferation of tumor cells was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).The cell cycle and apoptosis of tumor cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results The proportion of tumor-associated macrophages M1 increased after LPS treatment(P<0.001),thus enhancing its anti-tumor function.LPS-induced M1 polarization of macrophages can significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells(Renca:P=0.023,ML-1:P=0.045).LPS-induced M1 polarization of macrophages blocked G0/G1 phase(MC38:P=0.011,ML-1:P=0.022)or S phase(Renca:P=0.022)of tumor cell cycle,and then cell division was inhibited.LPS-induced M1 polarization of macrophages significantly induced apoptosis of tumor cells(Renca:P=0.04,ML-1:P=0.007).Conclusion LPS can play an anti-tumor role by inducing M1 polarization of macrophages.

Objective To explore the application value of stage rehabilitation intervention under the Health action process approach(HAPA)model(SRI-HAPAM)combined with tranexamic acid(TXA)in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture(FNF)undergoing total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods Elderly FNF patients with unilateral THA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled.According to the random number table method,the patients were divided into routine nursing(RN)group and TXA+SRI-HAPAM group.The RN group received conventional treatment after surgery,and the TXA+SRI-HAPAM group received TXA combined with SRI-HAPAM after surgery.The bleeding indexes[hidden blood loss(HBL),explicit blood loss(EBL)and blood transfusion volume(BTV)],and the levels of hemoglobin(Hb),C-reactive protein(CRP)and D-dimer(DD)were compared between the two groups at 24 h after surgery.The hip function[joint deformity(JD),joint function(JF),joint pain(JP),joint motion(JM)and total hip function(THF)],anxiety and depression[self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale],satisfaction with care,and complications were compared between the two groups at 3 months after surgery.Results A total of 100 elderly patients with unilateral THA due to FNF were included in the study,including 54 in the TXA+SRI-HAPAM group and 46 in the RN group.Before operation,there was no significant difference in Hb,CRP,DD,JD,JF,JP,JM,THF and SAS between the two groups(P>0.05).At 24 hours after operation,Hb decreased in the two groups,while CRP and DD increased(P<0.05),and the decrease in Hb and the increase in CRP and DD,as well as HBL,EBL and BTV in the TXA+SRI-HAPAM group,were lower than those in the RN group(P<0.05).At 3 months after operation,JD,JF,JP,JM and THF in both groups increased compared with those before operation,while SAS and SDS decreased compared with those before operation(P<0.05),and the functional scores of JD,JF,JP,JM and THF in the TXA+SRI-HAPAM group were significantly higher than those in the RN group,and the scores of SAS and SDS were lower than those in the RN group(P<0.05).3 months after surgery,the nursing satisfaction of the TXA+SRI-HAPAM group was significantly higher than that of the RN group,and the total complication rate was lower than that of the RN group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared the Routine nursing,TXA combined with SRI-HAPAM more effectively promotes postoperative recovery in patients with THA.