Objective To explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. Conclusion The exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.

Phase Ⅰ clinical trials play a crucial role in the research and development of new drugs, serving as the initial studies to assess their safety, tolerability, effectiveness, and pharmacokinetic properties in humans. These trials involve uncertainties regarding safety and efficacy. Comprehensive management of all aspects of phase Ⅰ clinical trials for anti-tumor drugs is crucial to protect the rights and safety of participants. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the key points and precautions necessary for effective quality control throughout the process. The analysis is informed by guidelines such as the “Good Clinical Practice for Drugs” “Key Points and Judgment Principles for Drug Registration Verification” “Key Points and Judgment Principles for Supervision and Inspection of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions” and the standard operating procedures for quality control of the center. Topics discussed include informed consent, inclusion criteria, experimental drugs, biological samples, adverse events, and serious adverse events. The goal is to standardize quality control in phase Ⅰ clinical trials of anti-tumor drugs, ensure the authenticity and reliability of clinical trial data, and protect the rights and safety of participants.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acupuncture on advanced cancer patients by meta-analysis. METHODS: Nine databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WanFang Data) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture in advanced cancer patients published from inception to February 13, 2023 and updated to June 1, 2023. Primary outcomes were quality of life (QOL), while secondary outcomes were pain, fatigue, and adverse events (side effects). Data synthesis was performed using RevMan V.5.3 to calculate pooled effect sizes. RoB-2 was used for the risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: Totally 17 RCTs involving 1,178 participants were included, 15 of which were pooled for meta-analysis. Most studies demonstrated some concern for the overall risk of bias. The pooled data indicated that acupuncture was associated with improved QOL [mean difference (MD)=6.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.09 to 8.26], pain (MD=-1.18, 95% CI -2.28 to -0.08), and adverse events (risk ratio=0.30, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.57) compared with control groups. Fatigue outcome was not included. Heterogeneity was substantial, and GRADE evidence was very low for both QOL and pain. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture could benefit patients with advanced cancer and is considered safe compared with usual care. However, the evidence regarding QOL and pain outcomes requires further validation. It is crucial to encourage the development of high-quality studies to strengthen this evidence. (Registry No. CRD42023423539).
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

AIM To study the Chemical constituents from Rhinacanthus nasutus(L.)Kurz and their in vitro antitumor and lipid-lowering activities.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction from R.nasutus was isolated and purified by normal phase,reverse phase silica gel column and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The in vitro anti-tumor activity was determined by MTT assay,and the in vitro lipid-lowering activity was evaluated by oleic acid-induced HepG2 high-fat cell model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as rhinacanthin A(1),rhinacanthin B(2),rhinacanthin C(3),rhinacanthin D(4),rhinacanthin E(5),rhinacanthin M(6),rhinacanthin N(7),rhinacanthin Q(8),rhinacanthin T(9),rhinacanthone(10),β-sitosterol(11),gallic acid(12),vanillic acid(13),syringic acid(14),lapachol(15),umbelliferone(16),sambucunlin A(17),17α,21-dihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,11,20-trione,21-acetate(18),1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(19),2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(20).Compounds 3 and 7 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2,Hela,A549 and H22 tumor cells with IC50 values of(0.66±0.17)-(3.22±0.49)μmol/L in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.Compounds 3,7 and 9 had a lipid clearance rate of more than 50%in oleic acid-induced HepG2 high-fat cells.CONCLUSION Compounds 16-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 3 and 7 have good in vitro anti-tumor activities,and 3,7,9 have good in vitro lipid-lowering activities.

Objective: To explore the association of milk tea consumption with comorbid of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of college students. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from August to October 2023 using convenience sampling among 13 920 students from nine universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, and Hubei provinces (municipality directly under the central government). Information on college students demographic characteristics, milk tea consumption, overweight/obesity status, and depressive symptoms was collected. Chi square tests were used to compare the association between different demographic characteristics and milk tea consumption with comorbid overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to infer the strength of the association. Results: The detection rate of comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms was 5.8% among college students. The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the detection rate of comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among various groups, including gender, grade, parents education level, only child status, family economic status, meeting moderate to high levels of physical activity standards, sleep quality, and frequent fast food consumption ( χ 2= 82.10, 23.07, 8.91, 10.87 , 4.56, 47.60, 17.60, 386.74, 96.61, P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences between groups based on milk tea consumption frequency and quantity ( χ 2=42.12, 38.76, P <0.01). Compared with the group of without consuming milk tea, Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who consumed milk tea 4-5 times and ≥6 times had higher risk of comorbid overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms ( OR =1.98, 2.46), and college students who consumed 1-1 500 mL and ≥3 000 mL of milk tea also had higher comorbidity risk ( OR =1.52, 1.22) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent and excessive milk tea consumption among college students may increase the risk of comorbid of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. It is recommended to reduce the frequency and quantity of milk tea consumption to improve college students physical and mental health.

Objective:To compare clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and physiological indicators in bipolar disorder(BD)patients with different age of onset.Methods:Totally 380 patients with DSM-5 BD were se-lected in this study.Psychiatrists diagnosed the patients using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.The clinical information questionnaire and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were utilized to collected clinical characteristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators.The onset age of BD was divided into 21 and 35 years as cut-off points.Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze related factors.Results:Among the 380 patients with BD,199 cases were early-onset group(52.4％),121 cases were middle-onset group(31.8％),and 60 cases were late-onset group(15.8％).There were 26.6％of patients in the early-onset group in-itially diagnosed as depression,23.1％in the middle-onset group,and 11.7％in the late-onset group.Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to the early-onset group of BD,the middle-onset(OR=2.22)and late-onset(OR=4.99)groups had more risk to experience depressive episodes,and the late-onset group(OR=6.74)had 6.74 times of risk to suffer from bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Additionally,patients in the middle-onset(β=-1.52)and late-on-set(β=-4.29)groups had shorter durations of delayed treatment,and those in the middle-onset(β=-1.62)and late-onset(β=-3.14)groups had fewer hospitalizations.Uric acid levels were lower in both the middle-onset(β=-28.39)and late-onset(β=-31.47)groups,and total cholesterol level was lower in the middle-onset group(β=-0.23).Conclusion:Patients with BD in different age of onset show significant differences in clinical charac-teristics,treatment conditions and physiological indicators.

We reviewed a case diagnosed with with chlorodifluoromethane poisoning (Freon-22) admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Changde Hospitalin August, 2020, focusing on the clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, and course of treatment of patients, as well as discussing the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of chlorodifluoromethane poisoning cases. The patient is a 29 years old male engaged in air conditioning maintenance work, with an acute onset. On the day of onset, the patient refilled chlorodifluoromethane poisoning refrigerant for a client's air conditioner and rested in a small car after work where he was found two hours later. At that time, the patient was experiencing impaired consciousness, vomiting and incontinence. After regaining consciousness, he presented with convulsions, dizziness, numbness of limbs and muscle aches, accompanied by a decrease in limb strength. The initial hospital examination indicated that impaired liver and kidney functionality, significantly elevated creatine kinase levels, and a little exudation in the sitting lung as shown by Chest CT, and no significant abnormalities found in the electroencephalogram (EEG) or electromyogram (EMG). Subsequent investigations revealed that the connecting pipe of the steel cylinder in the car was cracked due to high temperature, which led to the leakage of chlorodifluoromethane poisoning. After active treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, hormone, nerve nutrition and liver protection, the patient's condition improved and he was discharged from the hospital. After two-year follow-up, the patient still has mild numbness in both lower limbs. At present, there are few reports of Freon poisoning, and the clinical presentations can vary greatly, with severe cases even leading to death from poisoning. This paper summarizes and reports the clinical manifestations of a patient with chlorodifluoromethane poisoning, and reviews the related literature, with the aim to improve the clinician's understanding of the disease and make a timely and effective treatment plan.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of T helper cell 9 (Th9) and its cytokine interleukin 9(IL-9) in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL). METHODS: A total of 43 newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the case group. The patients were divided into Binet A group (13 cases), Binet B group (20 cases) and Binet C group (10 cases) by Binet staging system, and 20 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinationin in our hospital in the same period served as control group. The proportion of Th9 cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, the expression level of Th9 specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 was detected by Western blot, and the expression level of serum cytokine IL-9 was detected by ELISA. The proportion of Th9, the expression of PU.1, IRF4 and IL-9 in each group were compared, and the correlation between the proportion of Th9, IL-9 and clinicopathological indexes of CLL patients was analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of Th9, the expression of PU.1, IRF4 and IL-9 in CLL group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), the proportion of Th9 and the expression of IL-9 in Binet B and C group were higher than those in Binet A group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of Th9 cells between Binet B group and C group (P>0.05). The expression of IL-9 in Binet C group was significantly higher than that in Binet B group (P<0.05) . The proportion of Th9 cells and IL-9 were highly expression in patients with β2 microglobulin abnormality, IGHV unmutation, P53 abnormality and hepatosplenic lymph node enlargement(P<0.05), but not related to age and sex (P>0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the proportion of Th9 in patients with CLL was negatively correlated with the lymphocytic account and lymphocyte proportion(r_s=-0.32，r_s=-0.34). The proportion of Th9 and IL-9 were positively correlated with Binet stage, Rai stage and CLL-IPI Scoring (r_s=0.79，r_s=0.54，r_s=0.58； r_s=0.72，r_s=0.63，r_s=0.45), but not with WBC, CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺T cells (P>0.05). The proportion of Th9 was positively correlated with IL-9 (r_s=0.53). CONCLUSION Th9 cells and IL-9 are abnormally highly expressed in CLL, which is related to the poor prognosis of CLL.
Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics* ; Interleukin-9 ; Clinical Relevance ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology* ; Cytokines

Objective:To investigate the application effect of the compound flap transfer in tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty.Methods:Children with hypospadias who received TIP in the Department of Pediatric Urology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Children’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to March 2022 were prospectively divided into compound flap transfer group (group A) and traditional TIP group (group B) by random number method. Group A was treated with TIP modified by compound flap transfer, and group B was treated with traditional TIP covered with fascia.The improvement of the compound flap transfer for TIP operation is mainly reflected in the multi-layer cover of the new urethra and the free skin embedded in the incision of the penile head. According to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle, the final full analysis set (FAS) includes both group A and group B. Some patients were excluded from the analysis of the primary endpoint events due to reasons such as loss to follow-up or treatment group switch. Additionally, the final per-protocol set (PPS) consisting of group A and group B, which adheres to the study protocol, is subjected to statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for average age, the width of the penile head, degree of chordee, length of neourethra, and operative time. The classification of hypospadias, proportion of dorsal tunica albuginea plication, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:According to ITT principles, 50 children were included in FAS group A, ranging in age from 8 months to 15 years and 2 months, with an average age of 4 years. Group B included 50 children, ranging in age from 10 months to 14 years and 9 months, with an average age of 4 years and 1 month. Thirty-seven children in PPS group A were included, ranging in age from 1 year 2 months to 12 years 1 month, with an average age of 4 years. Group B consisted of 41 children, ranging in age from 1 year 2 months to 11 years 9 months, with an average age of 4 years 2 months. Statistical analysis showed that no matter FAS set or PPS, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean age, hypospadias type, average penile head width, average penile subcurvature number, number of dorsal tunica albuginea plication, and the average length of plastic neourethra between group A and group B ( P > 0.05). The average operative time of group A was higher than that of group B. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The postoperative follow-up was 3 to 48 months, with an average follow-up of 2 years and 3 months. The complication rate of group A was lower than that of group B [10.81% (4/37) vs 29.27% (12/41)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.05). Urethral fistula occurred in 3 cases (8.11%), respectively and 6 cases (14.63%) in the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05); urethral stricture occurred in 1 case (2.70%) and 5 cases (12.20%) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05), There were 0 case and 1 case (2.44%) of urethral orifice descending or urethral dehiscence respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P> 0.05). Conclusion:TIP with an improved compound flap transfer can reduce the overall postoperative complication rate and is worthy of promotion.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of low- and intermediate-dose factor Ⅷ (F Ⅷ) prophylaxis in Chinese adult patients with severe hemophilia A. Methods: Thirty adult patients with severe hemophilia A who received low- (n=20) /intermediate-dose (n=10) F Ⅷ prophylaxis at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical College were included in the study. The annual bleeding rate (ABR), annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR), number of target joints, functional independence score of hemophilia (FISH), quality of life score, and health status score (SF-36) before and after preventive treatment were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results: The median follow-up was 48 months. Compared with on-demand treatment, low- and intermediate-dose prophylaxis significantly reduced ABR, AJBR, and the number of target joints (P<0.05) ; the improvement in the intermediate-dose prophylaxis group was better than that in the low-dose prophylaxis group (P<0.05). Compared with on-demand treatment, the FISH score, quality of life score, and SF-36 score significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion: In Chinese adults with severe hemophilia A, low- and intermediate-dose prophylaxis can significantly reduce bleeding frequency, delay the progression of joint lesions, and improve the quality of life of patients as compared with on-demand treatment. The improvement in clinical bleeding was better with intermediate-dose prophylaxis than low-dose prophylaxis.
Humans ; Hemophilia A/drug therapy* ; Factor VIII/therapeutic use* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Hemarthrosis/prevention & control* ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy*