Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Background/Aims: Although fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proven as one of the promising treatments for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), potential prognostic markers regarding the clinical outcomes of FMT remain elusive. Methods: We collected fecal samples of 10 participants undergoing FMT to treat UC and those from the corresponding donors. We categorized them into two groups: responders and nonresponders. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was conducted on the samples to explore bacterial composition. Results: Analyzing the gut microbiota of patients who showed different outcomes in FMT presented a distinct microbial niche. Source tracking analysis showed the nonresponder group had a higher rate of preservation of donor microbiota, underscoring that engraftment degrees are not one of the major drivers for the success of FMT. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes bacteria were significantly depleted (p<0.003), and three genera, including Enterococcus, Rothia, and Pediococcus, were enriched in the responder group before FMT (p=0.003, p=0.025, and p=0.048, respectively). Furthermore, we applied a machine learning algorithm to build a prediction model that might allow the prediction of FMT outcomes, which yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.844. Notably, the microbiota-based model was much better at predicting outcomes than the clinical features model (area under the ROC curve=0.531). Conclusions This study is the first to suggest the significance of indigenous microbiota of recipients as a critical factor. The result highlights that bacterial composition should be evaluated before FMT to select suitable patients and achieve better efficiency.