Purpose: Although upper eyelid retraction is commonly associated with thyroid eye disease, its etiology remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with upper eyelid retraction caused by idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who presented with unilateral upper eyelid retraction. IOM was diagnosed based on normal thyroid function tests (TFT), including thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Orbital imaging demonstrated contrast-enhanced enlargement of the superior rectus-levator palpebrae superioris complex (SR-LC). Pre- and post-systemic steroid treatment, margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), MRD1 difference between affected and unaffected eyes, exophthalmos, and diplopia were assessed. Results: In total, five patients (male: 4, female: 1) with a median age of 36.4 years were diagnosed with IOM. Three patients presented with diplopia on upgaze and supraduction limitation. Orbital imaging revealed levator palpebrae superioris muscle enlargement with distinct borders and homogeneous contrast enhancement. All cases with superior rectus enlargement demonstrated tendon involvement. The median duration from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 2.2 months. Four patients received oral prednisolone, whereas one received intravenous methylprednisolone. Although no significant improvements were observed in MRD1, MRD1 difference, or exophthalmos post-treatment, diplopia resolved in all three patients. Conclusions IOM can present with upper eyelid retraction, emphasizing the importance of differentiating it from thyroid eye disease. TFT, including TSIs, and orbital imaging are essential diagnostic tools. These findings indicate that systemic corticosteroids can effectively manage diplopia associated with IOM, emphasizing the potential benefit of early and aggressive treatment.

Purpose: Although upper eyelid retraction is commonly associated with thyroid eye disease, its etiology remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with upper eyelid retraction caused by idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who presented with unilateral upper eyelid retraction. IOM was diagnosed based on normal thyroid function tests (TFT), including thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Orbital imaging demonstrated contrast-enhanced enlargement of the superior rectus-levator palpebrae superioris complex (SR-LC). Pre- and post-systemic steroid treatment, margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), MRD1 difference between affected and unaffected eyes, exophthalmos, and diplopia were assessed. Results: In total, five patients (male: 4, female: 1) with a median age of 36.4 years were diagnosed with IOM. Three patients presented with diplopia on upgaze and supraduction limitation. Orbital imaging revealed levator palpebrae superioris muscle enlargement with distinct borders and homogeneous contrast enhancement. All cases with superior rectus enlargement demonstrated tendon involvement. The median duration from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 2.2 months. Four patients received oral prednisolone, whereas one received intravenous methylprednisolone. Although no significant improvements were observed in MRD1, MRD1 difference, or exophthalmos post-treatment, diplopia resolved in all three patients. Conclusions IOM can present with upper eyelid retraction, emphasizing the importance of differentiating it from thyroid eye disease. TFT, including TSIs, and orbital imaging are essential diagnostic tools. These findings indicate that systemic corticosteroids can effectively manage diplopia associated with IOM, emphasizing the potential benefit of early and aggressive treatment.

Purpose: Although upper eyelid retraction is commonly associated with thyroid eye disease, its etiology remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with upper eyelid retraction caused by idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who presented with unilateral upper eyelid retraction. IOM was diagnosed based on normal thyroid function tests (TFT), including thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Orbital imaging demonstrated contrast-enhanced enlargement of the superior rectus-levator palpebrae superioris complex (SR-LC). Pre- and post-systemic steroid treatment, margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), MRD1 difference between affected and unaffected eyes, exophthalmos, and diplopia were assessed. Results: In total, five patients (male: 4, female: 1) with a median age of 36.4 years were diagnosed with IOM. Three patients presented with diplopia on upgaze and supraduction limitation. Orbital imaging revealed levator palpebrae superioris muscle enlargement with distinct borders and homogeneous contrast enhancement. All cases with superior rectus enlargement demonstrated tendon involvement. The median duration from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 2.2 months. Four patients received oral prednisolone, whereas one received intravenous methylprednisolone. Although no significant improvements were observed in MRD1, MRD1 difference, or exophthalmos post-treatment, diplopia resolved in all three patients. Conclusions IOM can present with upper eyelid retraction, emphasizing the importance of differentiating it from thyroid eye disease. TFT, including TSIs, and orbital imaging are essential diagnostic tools. These findings indicate that systemic corticosteroids can effectively manage diplopia associated with IOM, emphasizing the potential benefit of early and aggressive treatment.

Background: Employees with depression have complex and serious health consequences, not only for them, including reduced quality of life, but also for businesses and society, leading to social costs such as reduced productivity. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among public enterprise employees in Naju Innovation City, Korea. Methods: We investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of 1,061 public enterprise employees. Depression, anxiety, and occupational burnout were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of factors on depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of overall depressive symptoms was 11.9%. High anxiety (odds ratio [OR]=12.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.17-20.76; p<0.001) and exhaustion (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.81-4.40; p<0.001) levels were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms and exhaustion were the most important factors related to depressive symptoms among the public enterprise employees. Hence, when providing an employee assistance program, the psychosocial vulnerability factors of workers with depressive symptoms should be thoroughly addressed.2

Background: Employees with depression have complex and serious health consequences, not only for them, including reduced quality of life, but also for businesses and society, leading to social costs such as reduced productivity. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among public enterprise employees in Naju Innovation City, Korea. Methods: We investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of 1,061 public enterprise employees. Depression, anxiety, and occupational burnout were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of factors on depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of overall depressive symptoms was 11.9%. High anxiety (odds ratio [OR]=12.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.17-20.76; p<0.001) and exhaustion (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.81-4.40; p<0.001) levels were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms and exhaustion were the most important factors related to depressive symptoms among the public enterprise employees. Hence, when providing an employee assistance program, the psychosocial vulnerability factors of workers with depressive symptoms should be thoroughly addressed.2

Background: Employees with depression have complex and serious health consequences, not only for them, including reduced quality of life, but also for businesses and society, leading to social costs such as reduced productivity. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among public enterprise employees in Naju Innovation City, Korea. Methods: We investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of 1,061 public enterprise employees. Depression, anxiety, and occupational burnout were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of factors on depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of overall depressive symptoms was 11.9%. High anxiety (odds ratio [OR]=12.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.17-20.76; p<0.001) and exhaustion (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.81-4.40; p<0.001) levels were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms and exhaustion were the most important factors related to depressive symptoms among the public enterprise employees. Hence, when providing an employee assistance program, the psychosocial vulnerability factors of workers with depressive symptoms should be thoroughly addressed.2

Root perforation is defined as communication between the root canal and the external tooth surface, which may occur as a result of pathological or iatrogenic resorption during treatment. Iatrogenic root perforation can occur in various situations during dental treatment and may lead to treatment failure. This case report describes the management of root perforation that occurred during dental implant orthodontic micro-screw placement and surgical root canal treatment.

Background: Employees with depression have complex and serious health consequences, not only for them, including reduced quality of life, but also for businesses and society, leading to social costs such as reduced productivity. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among public enterprise employees in Naju Innovation City, Korea. Methods: We investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of 1,061 public enterprise employees. Depression, anxiety, and occupational burnout were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of factors on depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of overall depressive symptoms was 11.9%. High anxiety (odds ratio [OR]=12.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.17-20.76; p<0.001) and exhaustion (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.81-4.40; p<0.001) levels were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms and exhaustion were the most important factors related to depressive symptoms among the public enterprise employees. Hence, when providing an employee assistance program, the psychosocial vulnerability factors of workers with depressive symptoms should be thoroughly addressed.2

Background: Employees with depression have complex and serious health consequences, not only for them, including reduced quality of life, but also for businesses and society, leading to social costs such as reduced productivity. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among public enterprise employees in Naju Innovation City, Korea. Methods: We investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of 1,061 public enterprise employees. Depression, anxiety, and occupational burnout were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of factors on depressive symptoms was examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of overall depressive symptoms was 11.9%. High anxiety (odds ratio [OR]=12.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=7.17-20.76; p<0.001) and exhaustion (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.81-4.40; p<0.001) levels were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms and exhaustion were the most important factors related to depressive symptoms among the public enterprise employees. Hence, when providing an employee assistance program, the psychosocial vulnerability factors of workers with depressive symptoms should be thoroughly addressed.2

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were more susceptible to poor outcomes owing to respiratory muscle weakness and immunotherapy. Several studies conducted in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher mortality in patients with MG compared to the general population. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with MG and to compare these parameters between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in South Korea. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study, which was conducted at 14 tertiary hospitals in South Korea, reviewed the medical records and identified MG patients who contracted COVID-19 between February 2022 and April 2022. The demographic and clinical characteristics associated with MG and vaccination status were collected. The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection and MG were investigated and compared between the vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Results: Ninety-two patients with MG contracted COVID-19 during the study. Nine (9.8%) patients required hospitalization, 4 (4.3%) of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit. Seventy-five of 92 patients were vaccinated before contracting COVID-19 infection, and 17 were not. During the COVID-19 infection, 6 of 17 (35.3%) unvaccinated patients were hospitalized, whereas 3 of 75 (4.0%) vaccinated patients were hospitalized (P < 0.001). The frequencies of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation were significantly lower in the vaccinated patients than in the unvaccinated patients (P = 0.019 and P = 0.032, respectively). The rate of MG deterioration was significantly lower in the vaccinated patients than in the unvaccinated patients (P = 0.041). Logistic regression after weighting revealed that the risk of hospitalization and MG deterioration after COVID-19 infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated patients than in the unvaccinated patients. Conclusion This study suggests that the clinical course and prognosis of patients with MG who contracted COVID-19 during the dominance of the omicron variant of COVID-19 may be milder than those at the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccination was unavailable. Vaccination may reduce the morbidity of COVID-19 in patients with MG and effectively prevent MG deterioration induced by COVID-19 infection.