Granular cell tumor was described in the testis of two rabbits. Testis from each rabbit was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Both testes were about 2.0 cm in diameter, firm, and tan. Microscopically, testicular mass consisted of compact sheets of round to polygonal and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain a large amount of eosinophilic granular material in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive for periodic acid Schiff stain. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to Melan-A and vimentin. Based on these results, the testicular mass was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor.

Purpose: To report a rare case of slow progression of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Case summary: A 66-year-old man presented with conjunctival injection and proptosis in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 and 0.5 in the right and left eye, respectively, and conjunctival vessel enlargement and subconjunctival hemorrhage were observed in the right eye on slit lamp examination. Due to suspicion of CCF, computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography were performed. These analyses showed no vascular abnormalities associated with arteriovenous shunt, so the patient was followed up closely. About 1 month later, his conjunctival vessel engorgement became severe and CRVO derived from venous stasis by CCF occurred, so transfemoral cerebral angiography was performed and a diagnosis of CCF was made. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection was performed for CRVO, and best corrected visual acuity improved to 1.0 in the right eye. Conclusions Slowly progressing CCF can be accompanied with rare intraocular disease, such as CRVO, so appropriate diagnosis through detailed evaluation is important for treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to organize the history of Korean Mothersafe, a professional teratology information center. Throughout its domestic and international activities, Mothersafe has firm role to write journals and books, to provide counseling, to run educational courses on maternal and fetal toxicology, and so on. This paper delineates the achievements in last ten years and discusses the vision of Mothersafe. METHODS: In order to formulate the accomplishments of Korean Mothersafe, the volume of counseling calls are carefully reviewed by their contents, counselees, and the consultation results, etc. Textbooks and journals based on the data from Mothersafe are evaluated. Other roles of the Mothersafe, such as hosting symposium and running public programs are also noted. RESULTS: Korean Mothersafe provided 76,555 counseling to 45,933 expectant women and 30,622 breast-feeding women. The database has total 52,130 enrollments from 2010 to 2019. A total of 33 papers are published regarding medication, alcohol, smoking, radiation, etc. A specialized book on maternal-fetal toxicology was published and teratology part of obstetrics textbook was updated. Education programs and symposiums were held and primary care programs for expectant parents are run by Mothersafe. CONCLUSION Korean Mothersafe has contributed to safe environments for numerous pregnant and breast-feeding women regarding medication, drinking, smoking, and other hazardous substances. The huge database provided evidence for researches, textbooks and seminars, etc. Korean Mothersafe is now facing a new challenge to go forward through social dynamics with many issues regarding prevention and continuance of pregnancy, abortion, and so on.

PURPOSE: Although there are over 40,000 licensed radiological technologists (RTs) in Korea, job competency standards have yet to be defined. This study aims to clarify the job competency of Korean RTs. METHODS: A task force team of 11 professional RTs were recruited in order to analyze the job competency of domestic and international RTs. A draft for the job competency of Korean RTs was prepared. A survey was then conducted sampling RTs and the attitudes of their competencies were recorded from May 21 to July 30, 2016. RESULTS: We identified five modules of professionalism, patient management, health and safety, operation of equipment, and procedure management and 131 detailed job competencies for RTs in Korea. “Health and safety” had the highest average score and “professionalism” had the lowest average score for both job performance and importance. The content validity ratios for the 131 subcompetencies were mostly valid. CONCLUSION: Establishment of standard guidelines for RT job competency for multidisciplinary healthcare at medical institutions may be possible based on our results, which will help educators of RT training institutions to clarify their training and education.
Advisory Committees ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Licensure ; Professionalism ; Republic of Korea ; Specialization* ; Technology, Radiologic ; Work Performance

BACKGROUND: Cleanroom air is extremely dry, as it is maintained within 1 % of relative humidity. Few studies have assessed the dermatologic life quality of workers in ultralow-humidity environments. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the dermatologic life quality of cleanroom workers using the Skindex-29, compared to those of non-cleanroom workers. METHODS: Study participants were 501 cleanroom workers and 157 non-cleanroom workers from a secondary battery factory, who underwent an employee health examination at a single university hospital from September 2014 to September 2015. Results of the self-administered Skindex-29, and McMonnies questionnaire were analyzed. Other information and disease history were also collected during physician's medical examination. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The Skindex-29 score was significantly higher in cleanroom workers than in non-cleanroom workers for all domains, Symptom (16.0 ± 15.9 vs. 6.3 ± 10.2, p < 0.001), Emotion (11.3 ± 17.4 vs. 2.5 ± 7.4, p < 0.001), Function (5.2 ± 11.1 vs. 1.6 ± 4.0, p < 0.001), and Overall (10.8 ± 13.4 vs. 3.5 ± 6.2, p < 0.001). The Skindex-29 score of cleanroom workers was similar to that of patients with skin diseases such as psoriasis, other dermatitis, corns, alopecia etc. Among the cleanroom workers, 37 workers had one or more skin diseases. Among the risk factors, ‘working at cleanroom’, ‘possessing skin disease’ and ‘McMonnies score’ had significant strong correlations with Skindex-29 score, meanwhile age, sex, smoking, drinking and exercise had weak correlations with it.‘Working at cleanroom’ and ‘possessing skin disease’ had highest odds ratios with overall 14.0 (C.I.: 5.9–33.1) and 13.4 (C.I.: 4.5–29.2), and the lowest odds ratios with function domain 3.5(C.I.: 1.7–7.1) and 4.5(C.I.: 2.1–9.5), respectively. The McMonnies score had the highest odds ratio with overall, 6.9(C.I.: 4.5–10.8) and lowest odd ratio with emotion domain 4.2 (C.I.: 2.7–6.4). CONCLUSIONS: Dermatologic life quality among cleanroom workers in the secondary battery factory is shown to be lower than that among non-cleanroom workers in this study. The study suggests that the Skindex-29 may provide helpful information on the dermatologic life quality of cleanroom workers. Therefore, regarding evaluation of dermatologic life quality using Skindex-29, preventive care is necessary for cleanroom workers in ultralow humidity environment.
Alopecia ; Callosities ; Dermatitis ; Drinking ; Humans ; Humidity ; Logistic Models ; Occupational Health ; Odds Ratio ; Psoriasis ; Quality of Life* ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Zea mays

Pudendal neuralgia is characterized by severe sharp pain along the innervation area of pudendal nerve, which may be worsened when sitting position. Successful pudendal nerve block is crucial to the diagnosis of pudendal neuralgia. Although fluoroscopy-guided pudendal nerve blocks have traditionally been performed, recently ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve blocks were reported. For the long term effect of nerve block, pulsed radiofrequency was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in some reports. We report our successful experiences of three cases using ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Pudendal Nerve* ; Pudendal Neuralgia*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The comparison of long-term clinical effects between Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and Paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) for treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. Seeking to clarify this issue, we performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate four-year clinical outcomes of SES compared to PES treated AMI patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From January 2004 to August 2006, all patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by implantation of either SES or PES were enrolled. The occurrences of cardiac and non-cardiac deaths, recurrent infarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis were analyzed. The composite end points of these major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 668 AMI patients had visited, of which 522 patients (299 with SES and 223 with PES) were enrolled. During the four-year clinical follow-up, both groups showed similar occurrences of non-cardiac death (14.6+/-2.2% vs. 18.3+/-3.0%, p=0.26); cardiac death (6.8+/-1.52% vs. 11.2+/-2.6%, p=0.39); re-infarction (3.3+/-1.1% vs. 6.4+/-1.8%, p=0.31); and stent thrombosis (3.2+/-1.1% vs. 5.4+/-1.7%, p=0.53). However, occurrences of TVR {4.0+/-1.2% vs. 10.0+/-3.0%, hazard ratio (HR)=0.498, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.257-0.967, p=0.039} and MACE (19.4+/-2.5% vs. 29.4+/-3.5%, HR=0.645, 95% CI=0.443-0.940, p=0.021) were significantly lower in the SES population. CONCLUSION: In AMI patients treated with either SES or PES implantation, the former had a significantly lower risk of TVR and MACE during four-year clinical follow-up. Rates of death, cardiac death or recurrent infarction, and stent thrombosis were similar.
Death ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: To study characteristics of bicycle and motorcycle injured patients in a university hospital and in an edited national injury surveillance report. METHODS: Between July 2007 and January 2010, we collected data on bicycle and motorcycle injured patients in a university hospital. First, we compared the characteristics of each group. Second, we analyzed injury severity using their injury severity score (ISS) and their revised trauma score (RTS). We compared the categories of an edited national injury surveillance report with our university-acquired data. RESULTS: The total number of patients in traffic accidents was 4,111 (including 204 bicycle riders and 165 motorcycle riders). For those in bicycle accidents, a large fraction was < 10 years old or > 51 years old. For those in motorcycle accidents. Those in motorcycle accidents had an increased proportion of liver cirrhosis and of previous experience with a similar accident. Bicycle accidents had a higher proportion of cases where just the driver or just the passenger was injured. Just falling was the most cause of injury. Others were injured by collision with a car or by both. Motorcycle riders who wore helmets were better protected. Most accidents occurred after 19:00: motorcycle accidents most frequently between 0:00 and 7:00 and between 13:00 and 18:00 hours. Injury severity score were not different. Admission to the hospital and fatalities were highest for motorcycle accidents. The place of injury and alcohol intoxication status were reported for traffic accidents. CONCLUSION: Bicycle and motorcycle injuries were already considered as important factors in traffic accidents included in the injury surveillance report. More factors, including age, time, past history, etc. should be added.
Accidents, Traffic ; Head Protective Devices ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Injury Severity Score ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Motorcycles ; Ophthalmoplegia

We experienced a rare case of sinonasal sarcoidosis initially presenting as nasal cavitary mass. When the clinical course was different from that of typical tuberculosis, physician should think the possibility of sarcoidosis, and re-biopsy or retrospective review of pathological findings might be helpful.
Nasal Cavity ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoidosis ; Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Bispectrum and bicoherence analysis that is the frequency domain methods of EEG analysis was examined to elucidate the correlation with the depth of anesthesia. METHODS: 25 patients under the gynecological surgery were studied. EEG was surveyed by PhysioLab 400. Analysis of EEG was done according to the progress of anesthesia, normal state before anesthesia, before incision of skin, operation 1, operation 2, awake and post-anesthesia. EEG is applied to filtering of signal, base line correction, linear detrend removal to get more reliable analysis. The appearance rate of bispectrum peaks are calculated by bispectrum operation. And bicoherences are calculated by bispectrum and power spectrum of AR model. RESULTS: In awaking state of patient in pre-anesthesia and post anesthesia, appearance rate of bispectral coupling was observed that a strong appearance rate was represented in all area (0-35 Hz). During the anesthesia, the low frequency area (3-15 Hz) revealed a strong appearance. Also the 2D map of a appearance rate is divided into four sections for more objectivity. Of four sections Bipara#4 is considered that the best parameter which showed progress of anesthesia (P < 0.01). In bicoherence study, in awake state which patient is in pre-anesthesia and post anesthesia, appearance rate of bicoherence value was observed that a strong appearance rate was represented in high frequency range (15-30 Hz). However, under the anesthesia of patients, the low frequency area (0-10 Hz) revealed a strong appearance. And, of four sections Bicpara#2 and Bicpara#4 are considered that the best parameter which showed progress of anesthesia effectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the peak appearance of bispectrum and bicoherence is useful monitoring for the depth of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Skin